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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Maths

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter-Wise PDF Free Download

NCERT Solutions for Maths serve as a valuable resource for students navigating the complexities of mathematics at the 10th-grade level. These solutions are specifically designed to complement the NCERT class 10 Maths book PDF, offering clear explanations and step-by-step solutions to problems. The aim is to make mathematical concepts more accessible and understandable for students. Students can rely on these solutions to reinforce their understanding of fundamental mathematical principles and enhance problem-solving skills. One notable advantage of NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths is their alignment with the curriculum prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). This ensures that students are well-prepared for their board exams, as the solutions closely follow the CBSE class 10th maths guidelines and exam patterns.

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Table of Content
1. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter-Wise PDF Free Download
2. Glance on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths | Vedantu
3. Chapter-Specific NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
4. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter Details, Formulas and Exercises PDF
    4.1Chapter 1 - Real Numbers
    4.2Chapter 2 - Polynomials
    4.3Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
    4.4Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations
    4.5Chapter 5 - Arithmetic Progressions
    4.6Chapter 6 - Triangles
    4.7Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry
    4.8Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry
    4.9Chapter 9 - Some Applications of Trigonometry
    4.10Chapter 10 - Circles
    4.11Chapter 11 - Areas Related to Circles
    4.12Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes
    4.13Chapter 13 - Statistics
    4.14Chapter 14 - Probability
5. CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter-Wise Marks Weightage
6. Internal Assessment for CBSE Class 10 Maths
7. CBSE Class 10 Maths Exam Pattern for 2024-25
8. CBSE Class 10th New Plan 2024-25
9. Benefits of Refering to Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
10. Important Tips for Scoring Well in the Board Exams
11. CBSE Class 10 Maths Study Materials
FAQs


Chapter-Specific NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths

Given below are the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths. You can use it as your 10th maths guide. Go through these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.


Note: The chapters on constructions have been excluded from the Class 10 Maths textbook for the 2024-25 academic year.


NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths All Chapters


Glance on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths | Vedantu

  • NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths for all the chapters and exercises from Chapters 1 to 14 are provided.

  • Practicing the textbook questions using these solutions can help students analyze their level of preparation and understanding of concepts.

  • The link also provides details about the exam pattern, marks weightage, and question paper design for CBSE Class 10 Maths.

  • The chapters include topics like Real Numbers, Polynomials, Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables, Quadratic Equations, Triangles, Coordinate Geometry, Introduction to Trigonometry, and more.

  • It also provides resources such as class notes, important questions and formulas, exemplar solutions, and other recommended books for further reference.


Get an idea about “How will the Paper of NCERT Class 10 Maths be Conducted?

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter Details, Formulas and Exercises PDF

Chapter 1 - Real Numbers

In Class 10, Chapter 1 introduces real and irrational numbers. It begins with Euclid’s Division Lemma, stating that if you have two positive numbers, a and b, you can divide a by b and get a unique quotient q and remainder r. Euclid’s Division algorithm uses this idea to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of two positive numbers. Then, the chapter talks about the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, which helps find both the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) and HCF of two positive numbers. Lastly, it covers irrational and rational numbers, along with their decimal forms, using this theorem.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Real Numbers :

  • Real Numbers

  • Euclid’s Division Lemma

  • Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

  • Irrational Numbers

  • Rational Numbers


Important Steps:

The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic talks about how every number can be expressed as a unique product of prime numbers. To understand this, we look at examples and reasons. We also prove that $sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3},$ and $\sqrt{5}$ are irrational.


To find the highest common factor (HCF) of two positive numbers, follow these steps:


  1. Use Euclid’s division method to divide the larger number by the smaller one. This gives a quotient and a remainder.

  2. If the remainder is zero, the smaller number is the HCF. If not, repeat the division with the smaller number and the remainder.

  3. Keep repeating this process until the remainder becomes zero. The divisor at this stage will be the HCF. This works because the HCF of two numbers is the same as the HCF of the smaller number and the remainder.


Chapter 1 - Real Numbers Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Exercise 1.1 - 5 Questions (4 Long Answers, 1 Short Answer)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Exercise 1.2 - 7 Questions (4 Long Answers, 3 Short Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Real Numbers on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 2 - Polynomials

The Polynomials chapter covers different types of polynomials like linear, quadratic, and cubic. It starts by explaining what the degree of a polynomial means. There are four exercises in total, one of which is optional.


  • Exercise 2.1 focuses on figuring out the number of zeroes using graphs. You'll need to understand what zeroes of a polynomial mean in terms of geometry.

  • Exercise 2.2 is about the connection between zeroes and coefficients of a polynomial. You'll be finding zeroes of quadratic polynomials and sometimes even figuring out the polynomial itself.

  • Exercise 2.3 introduces the division algorithm concept, with related questions.

  • The optional exercise, 2.4, combines questions from all the concepts in Chapter 2.


Focus on the steps to derive the Division Algorithm for polynomials as it is an important concept in the chapter.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Polynomials

  • Zeros of a polynomial. 

  • Relationship between zeroes 

  • Coefficients of quadratic polynomials only.


Important Steps:

Arrange in Standard Form: First, we line up the terms of the numbers we're dividing so that the highest powers come first. This is called the standard form.


  • Step 1 - To get the first term of the quotient, divide the dividend's highest degree term by the divisor's highest degree term. Then, complete the dividing procedure.

  • Step 2 - To calculate the second term of the quotient, divide the highest degree term of the new dividend by the divisor's highest degree term. Continue the dividing process.

  • Step 3 - Now, the remainder's degree is smaller than the divisor's. So we can't prolong the separation any further.


Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder. What we are doing here is using an approach similar to Euclid's division algorithm, which you discussed in Chapter 1.


This states that.


If p(x) and g(x) are two polynomials with g(x) ≠ 0, we may find polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that


P(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x).


Where r(x) = 0 or  degree of r(x) <  degree of g(x).


This conclusion is referred to as the Division Algorithm for Polynomials.


Chapter 2 - Polynomials Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.1 - 1 Question (1 Short Answer)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Exercise 2.2 - 2 Questions (2 Short Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Polynomials on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Chapter 3 is about the linear equations in two variables. There are 7 exercises in this section. It explains what two-variable linear equations are and how to solve them.


  • Exercise 3.1, representing a problem or situation algebraically and graphically is taught. 

  • Exercise 3.2, depicts the methods of solving linear equations by graphical method.

  • Exercises 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 explain different methods for solving pairs of linear equations: algebraic, cross-multiplication, elimination, and substitution. 

  • Exercise 3.7  is an optional exercise as it has questions from all the previous exercises.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

  • Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. 

  • Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. 

  • Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically – by substitution and by elimination. 

  • Simple situational problems. 

  • Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations.


Important Steps:

A pair of two-variable linear equations and a graphical technique for solving them, as well as consistency and inconsistency. Number of solutions is subject to algebraic conditions. Solve a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - using substitution and elimination. Simple situational problems.


The equations typically look like this:


The general form for a pair of linear equations in two variables, x and y, is

$a_1 x + b_1 y + c_1 = 0$

and $a_2 x + b_2 y + c_2 = 0$

where $a_1, b_1, c_1, a_2, b_2, c_2$ are real numbers


To solve them algebraically, you can use substitution or elimination methods.


Here are some key formulas to remember:


$a_1^2 + b_1^2 \neq 0$

$a_2^2 + b_2^2 \neq 0$


Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.1 - 3 Questions (2 Short Answers, 1 Long Answer)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.2 - 7 Questions (5 Short Answers, 2 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.3 - 3 Questions (2 Short Answers, 1 Long Answer)



Students can access extra study materials for Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations

Chapter 4 focuses on quadratic equations. This chapter defines a quadratic equation and discusses several strategies for solving them. It also goes over the factorization approach for solving quadratic equations and the square method. The chapter describes the links between discriminants and the nature of roots. This chapter also provides instances of real-world challenges that have been solved. The chapter concludes with a discussion of determining the roots of a quadratic equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$.


  • If $b^2 - 4ac > 0$, the equation has two unique real roots.

  • Find two equal roots of $b^2 - 4ac = 0$.

  • No genuine roots if $b^2 - 4ac < 0$.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Quadratic Equations

  • Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). 

  • Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using the quadratic formulas. 

  • Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots. 

  • Situational problems based on quadratic equations.


Important Steps:

The conventional form of a quadratic equation is $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ where a ≠ 0. Quadratic equations (only real roots) can be solved by factoring and applying the quadratic formula. Relationship between the discriminant and the nature of roots.


Situational questions based on quadratic equations relating to daily activities have to be included.


If $b^2 - 4ac > 0$, we obtain two unique real roots.   

$-\dfrac{b}{2a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$ and $-\dfrac{b}{2a}-\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$

If $b^2 - 4ac = 0$, then 

$x=-\dfrac{b}{2a}\pm 0$

$x=-\dfrac{b}{2a}\pm 0$

So, the roots of the equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ are both $-\dfrac{b}{2a}$.

As a result, we may conclude that the quadratic equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ has two equal real roots in this situation.

If $b^2 - 4ac < 0$, there is no real number whose square equals $b^2 - 4ac$. As a result, the above quadratic equation does not have any real roots.

The discriminant of the quadratic equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ is defined as $b^2 - 4ac$.

So, a quadratic equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ has

(i) two distinct real roots, if $b^2 - 4ac > 0$,

(ii) two equal real roots, if $b^2 - 4ac = 0$,

(iii) no real roots, if $b^2 - 4ac < 0$.


Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.1 - 2 Questions (1 Short Answer, 1 Long Answer)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.2 - 6 Questions (6 Short Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Exercise 4.3 - 11 Questions (8 Short Answers, 3 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Quadratic Equations on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 5 - Arithmetic Progressions

This chapter introduces a new topic to the students - Arithmetic Progression, commonly called AP. The chapter constitutes a total of 4 exercises. Learn what AP is, the derivation of the nth term, finding the sum of first n terms of the AP and solving the real-life problems using AP in this chapter.


  • Exercise 5.1 of the chapter teaches how to represent a problem or situation in the form of AP, how to find the first term and difference of the AP and to find whether the given series is AP or not. 

  • Exercise 5.2 explains how to find the nth term of the AP using the formula. 

$a_n = a + (n-1) d$

  • Exercise 5.3 describes how to find the sum of the first n terms of AP and contains questions related to the topic. 

  • Exercises 5.4 have questions related to the topics taught in the chapter.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Arithmetic Progressions

  • Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.


Important Formulas

The sequence $a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4, a_5, a_6,…$ of AP terms is written as a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d, a+5d, …., nth term, where $a_n$ is the initial term, d is the common difference between each term.


The nth term for arithmetic progression is given as,

$a + (n-1) d$

Sum of the first n terms in Arithmetic Progression.

$S_n = \dfrac{n}{2}[2a + (n-1) d]$.


Chapter 5 - Arithmetic Progressions Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.1 - 4 Questions (1 Short Answer, 3 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.2 - 20 Questions (10 Short Answers, 10 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.3 - 20 Questions (7 Short Answer, 13 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.4 - 5 Questions (5 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Arithmetic Progressions on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 6 - Triangles

Chapter 6 of class 10 gives details about the triangles. The chapter gives details about the figures with the same shape but different sizes. It explains the similarity of the triangles, theorems associated with the similarity of triangles and the concept of congruent triangles. Further, theorems related to areas of triangles, the Pythagoras theorem and the converse of Pythagoras theorem is explained.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Triangles

  • Concept of a similar and congruent figure

  • Theorems related to the similarity of triangles

  • Areas of similar triangles

  • Pythagoras Theorem and converse of Pythagoras Theorem


Definitions, Examples, and Counterexamples for Similar Triangles.

  1. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle and intersects the other two sides at separate spots, the remaining two sides are split in the same ratio - Prove

  2. A line that splits two sides of a triangle in the same ratio is parallel to the third side - Motivate

  3. If the angles of two triangles are equal, the sides are proportionate, and the triangles are identical - Motivate

  4. If the sides of two triangles are proportionate, their angles are equal, and the triangles are identical - Motivate

  5. If one angle of a triangle equals one angle of another triangle, and the sides that include these angles are proportionate, the two triangles are comparable - Motivate


Important Theorems:

  • Theorem 6.1: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

  • Theorem 6.2: If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side.

  • Theorem 6.3: If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion), and hence the two triangles are similar.

  • Theorem 6.4: If in two triangles, the sides of one triangle are proportional to (i.e., in the same ratio of ) the sides of the other triangle, then their corresponding angles are equal, and hence the two triangles are similar.

  • Theorem 6.5: If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the sides, including these angles, are proportional, then the two triangles are similar.

  • Theorem 6.6: The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.

  • Theorem 6.7: If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to the hypotenuse, then triangles on both sides of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other.

  • Theorem 6.8: In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

  • Theorem 6.9: In a triangle, if the square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the angle opposite the first side is a right angle.


Chapter 6 - Triangles Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Exercise 6.1 - 3 Questions (3 Short Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Exercise 6.2 - 10 Questions (9 Short Answers, 1 Long Answer)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Exercise 6.3 - 16 Questions (12 Short Answer, 4 Long Answer)



Students can access extra study materials for Triangles on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry

Chapter 7 introduces coordinate geometry, which is the mathematical process of identifying a given location using an ordered pair of integers. Coordinate or cartesian geometry is used to calculate the distance between two places given their coordinates. The notion of calculating the area of a triangle formed by three specified points. In addition, the chapter explains how to get the coordinates of the point that splits a line segment connecting two specified points in a certain ratio. This chapter of NCERT Solutions teaches students about the distance formula, the section formula, and the area of triangles.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Coordinate Geometry

  • Concepts of coordinate geometry

  • Graphs of linear equations

  • Distance formula 

  • Section formula (Internal division)


Important Formulas:

Distance Formula: $PQ = \sqrt{\left(x_2-x_1\right)^2+\left(y_2-y_1\right)^2}$

Section Formula: $m_1: m_2=\left(\frac{m_1 x_2+m_2 x_1}{m_1+m_2}, \frac{m_1 y_2+m_2 y_1}{m_1+m_2}\right)$

Area of Triangle: = $\frac{1}{2}\left[x_1\left(y_2-y_3\right)+x_2\left(y_3-y_1\right)+x_3\left(y_1-y_2\right)\right]$


Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Exercise 7.1 - 10 Questions (3 Short Answers, 7 Long Answer)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Exercise 7.2 - 10 Questions (2 Short Answers, 8 Long Answer)



Students can access extra study materials for Coordinate Geometry on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry

Chapter 8 of NCERT Solutions introduces trigonometry to the students. Trigonometry is the study of the ratio of right triangles with respect to the acute angles, which are known as trigonometric ratios of the angles. Know the trigonometric ratios for angles $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ and the values of $30^{\circ}, 45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. Students will also learn to calculate trigonometric ratios for the given angles and also a few trigonometric identities. The introductory formulas of trigonometry help to have a strong grip over the basics. In addition to the formulas, the relationship between the ratios and angles is also explained in the chapter.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Introduction to Trigonometry

  • Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. 

  • Proof of their existence. 

  • Values of the trigonometric ratios. 

  • Relationships between the ratios.


Important Formulas:

Trigonometry Maths formulae for Class 10 include the three major functions Sine, Cosine, and Tangent for a right-angle triangle. Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with ∠θ at point B.


$\sin \theta = \dfrac{\text{Side opposite to angle }\theta}{\text{Hypotenuse}} = \frac{\text { Perpendicular }}{\text { Hypotenuse }}$

$\cos \theta = \dfrac{\text{Adjacent side to angle }\theta}{\text{Hypotenuse}} = \dfrac{\text{Base}}{\text { Hypotenuse }}$

$\tan \theta = \dfrac{\text { Side opposite to angle } \theta }{\text { Adjacent side to angle } \theta}$

$\sec \theta = \frac{1}{\cos \theta}$

$\cot \theta = \frac{1}{\tan \theta}$

$\text{cosec} \theta = \frac{1}{\sin \theta}$

$\tan \theta = \frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}$


Trigonometry Table


Angle

30°

45°

60°

90°

Sinθ

0

$\dfrac{1}{2}$

$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$

$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

1

Cosθ

1

$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$

$\dfrac{1}{2}$

0

Tanθ

0

$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

1

${\sqrt{3}}$

Undefined

Cotθ

Undefined

${\sqrt{3}}$

1

$\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

0

Secθ

1

$\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$

${\sqrt{2}}$

2

Undefined

Cosecθ

Undefined

2

${\sqrt{2}}$

$\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$

1



Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles

$\sin (90^\circ - A) = \cos A$

$\cos (90^\circ - A) = \sin A$

$\tan (90^\circ - A) = \cot A$

$\cot (90^\circ - A) = \tan A$

$\sec (90^\circ - A) = \text{cosec} A$

$\text{cosec} (90^\circ - A) = \sec A$

$\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A = 1$

$\sec^2 A - \tan^2 A = 1$ for $0^\circ \leq  A < 90^\circ$

$\text{cosec}^2 A = 1 + \cot^2 A$ for $0^\circ < A \leq  90^\circ$


Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Exercise 8.1 - 11 Questions (8 Short Answers, 3 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Exercise 8.2 - 4 Questions (2 Short Answers, 2 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Exercise 8.3 - 7 Questions (5 Short Answers, 2 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Introduction to Trigonometry on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 9 - Some Applications of Trigonometry

Chapter 9 is the continuation of Chapter 8 where the students will learn about the application of trigonometry. This chapter helps to understand how trigonometry is applied to our everyday life to find out the height and distance of various objects without measuring them, how it is used in navigation, map production, and calculating an island's location relative to longitudes and latitudes. They will learn about the terms line of sight, angle of elevation, and angle of depression.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Maths Chapter 9 - Some Applications of Trigonometry:

In Chapter 9, we delve into "Some Applications of Trigonometry" with a focus on "Heights and Distances." This involves exploring angles of elevation and depression, specifically at 30°, 45°, and 60°.

Let's understand a few key points:

  • Line of Sight: This is the line drawn from your eye to the point you're looking at.

  • Angle of Elevation: When the point you're viewing is above your eye level, like when you tilt your head up.

  • Angle of Depression: When the point you're viewing is below your eye level, like when you lower your head.


To apply these concepts practically to solve problems related to heights and distances, consider three key factors:


  1. The distance from the observer (DE) to the base of the object (minar).

  2. The angle of elevation (∠BAC) from the observer to the top of the object.

  3. The height of the observer (AE).


Assuming you know these three conditions, you can determine the height of the object (minar). In the figure, we observe that CD equals CB plus BD. Here, BD is equivalent to AE, which represents the height of the observer.

To find BC, we utilize trigonometric ratios involving ∠BAC or ∠A in triangle ABC. Since BC is the opposite side concerning the known ∠A, our options are narrowed down to using either tan A or cot A, as these ratios involve AB and BC.

Therefore, we can use tan A = BC/AB or cot A = AB/BC to find BC. Adding AE to BC yields the height of the minar.


Chapter 9 - Some Applications of Trigonometry Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 9 Exercise 9.1 - 16 Questions (16 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Some Applications of Trigonometry on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 10 - Circles

You have learned about circles and related terms like chords, segments, and arcs previously. Now, we are going to learn situations where a circle and a line are on the same plane. This chapter focuses on understanding Tangents to a Circle and the Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle.


Prove the Tangent to a Circle at Point of Contact

1. The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

2. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.


Theorems

Tangent to a circle at the point of contact


  1. The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

  2. The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

  3. Theorem 10.1: The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

  4. Theorem 10.2: The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.


Case-based Theorem

Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle


  • Case 1: There is no tangent to a circle passing through a point lying inside the circle.

  • Case 2: There is one and only one tangent to a circle passing through a point lying on the circle.

  • Case 3: There are exactly two tangents to a circle through a point lying outside the circle.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Circles

  • Various terms related to a circle such as a chord, segment.

  • Important Theorems

  • Tangent to a Circle.

  • Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle.


Chapter 10 - Circles Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 Exercise 10.1 - 4 Questions (2 Short Answer, 2 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 Exercise 10.2 - 13 Questions (2 Short Answers, 14 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Circles on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 11 - Areas Related to Circles

As the name suggests, the chapter is about the perimeter and area of a circle. The concepts of finding the area of a sector and segment of a circle are clarified here. This chapter further explains how to find the area of the figures that contains a circle or part of a circle.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Areas Related to Circles

  • Calculate the area of a circle

  • Area of sectors and segments of a circle. 

  • Problems based on areas and perimeter.

  • Circumference of the above plane figures.


(When computing the area of a circle segment, only the central angles of 60°, 90°, and 120° should be considered.)


Important formulas from within the chapter for the students to practice–


  • Circumference = $2 \pi r$

  • Area of the circle = $\pi r^2$

  • Area of the sector of angle $\theta = \dfrac{\pi}{360} \times \pi r^2$

  • Length of an arc of a sector of angle $\theta = \dfrac{\pi}{360} \times 2 \pi r$ where r is the radius of the circle


Chapter 11 - Areas Related to Circles Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 11 Exercise 11.1 - 5 Questions (5 Short Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Area Related to Circles on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes

Chapter 12 is about the surface areas and volumes of different objects and shapes. In the five Exercises of this chapter


  • Exercise 12.1 consists of questions on calculating the surface area of an object made by combining any two of the fundamental solids, namely cuboid, cone, cylinder, sphere, and hemisphere. 

  • Exercise 12.2, questions are focused on determining the volume of objects generated by merging any two cuboids, cones, cylinders, spheres, or hemispheres. 

  • Exercise 12.3 addresses the questions in which a solid is transformed from one shape to another.

  • Exercise 12.4 requires you to calculate the volume, curved surface area, and total surface area of a cone's frustum. The final exercise is optional and consists of high-level questions covering all of the chapter's subjects.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Surface Areas and Volumes

  • Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two figures like cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.

  • Problems that involve converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problems.


Important Formulas Used for Calculating Surface Areas and Volumes of Different Objects

  • TSA of new solid = CSA of one hemisphere + CSA of cylinder + CSA of other hemispheres

  • Diameter of sphere = 2r

  • The surface area of sphere = 4 π r2

  • The volume of Sphere = 4/3 π r3

  • The curved surface area of Cylinder = 2 πrh

  • Area of two circular bases = 2 πr2

  • The total surface area of Cylinder = Circumference of Cylinder + Curved surface area of Cylinder = 2 πrh + 2 πr2

  • Volume of Cylinder = π r2 h

  • Slant height of cone = l = √(r2 + h2)

  • Curved surface area of cone = πrl

  • Total surface area of cone = πr (l + r)

  • Volume of cone = ⅓ π r2 h

  • Perimeter of cuboid = 4(l + b +h)

  • Length of the longest diagonal of a cuboid = √(l2 + b2 + h2)

  • Total surface area of cuboid = 2(l×b + b×h + l×h)

  • Volume of Cuboid = l × b × h


Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.1 - 9 Questions (2 Short Answers, 7 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 12 Exercise 12.2 - 8 Questions (1 Short Answer, 7 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Surface Areas and Volume on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 13 - Statistics

This is another excellent chapter in which students learn about the numerical representation of data, whether grouped or ungrouped. Learn how to find the mean, median, and mode of a given dataset. In the following assignment, you will learn about the cumulative frequency distribution and construct cumulative frequency curves.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Statistics

  • Mean, median and mode of grouped data. 

  • Mean by Direct Method and Assumed Mean Method only.


Important Formulas

There are three ways to determine the mean of the grouped data.

The direct method is: $\bar{x} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^n f_i x_i}{\sum_{i=1}^n f_i}$ 

Where ∑fi xi is the total of observations from value i = 1 to n. ∑fi represents the number of observations from i = 1 to n.

Assumed Mean Method: $\bar{x} = a+\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n f_i d_i}{\sum_{i=1}^n f_i}$  

The step deviation approach is: $\bar{x} = a+\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n f_i u_i}{\sum_{i=1}^n f_i} \times h$  

Mode of grouped data:

Mode = $l+\frac{f_1-f_0}{2 f_1-f_0-f_2} \times h$ 

The median for grouped data is:

Median = $l+\frac{\frac{n}{2}-c f}{f} \times h$


Chapter 13 - Statistics Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 Exercise 13.1 - 9 Questions (9 Long Answers) 

Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 Exercise 13.2 - 6 Questions (6 Long Answers)

Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 Exercise 13.3 - 7 Questions (7 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Statistics on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



Chapter 14 - Probability

Chapter 14 begins with the theoretical approach to probability.  discusses and illustrates the distinction between experimental and theoretical probability.  The chapter is full of examples that help learners understand the idea of probability. Probability is also a very essential chapter for students to focus on, as it will be studied further grades. To stay up with the formulae and new subjects introduced in higher classes, students must first master the fundamentals of the chapter in class 10.


Topics Covered in Class 10 Probability

  • Classical definition of probability. 

  • Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.


Important Formulas:

The theoretical probability (also known as classical probability) of an event E, denoted as P(E), is

$P(E)=\frac{\text { Number of outcomes favourable to } E}{\text { Number of all possible outcomes of the experiment }}$

We assume that the experiment's outcomes are equally likely.

The probability of a definite event (or certain event) is one.

The chance of an impossible event is zero.

The probability of an occurrence E is a number P(E), where 0 < P(E) ≤ 1.

An elementary occurrence is one that has only one possible conclusion. The total of the probability of all elementary occurrences in an experiment equals one.


Chapter 14 - Probability Exercises in PDF Format

Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Exercise 14.1 - 25 Questions (22 Short Answers, 3 Long Answers)



Students can access extra study materials for Probability on Vedantu. These resources are available for download, offering additional support for your studies.



CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter-Wise Marks Weightage

Sr.no

Chapter Name

Marks

1

Number System

6

2

Algebra

20

3

Coordinate Geometry

6

4

Geometry

15

5

Trigonometry

12

6

Mensuration

10

7

Statistics and Probability

11

Total

80

Internal Assessment

20

Total

100



Internal Assessment for CBSE Class 10 Maths

Internal Assessment

Pen Paper Test and Multiple Assessment

10 Marks

Portfolio 

5 Marks

Lab Practical

5 Marks

Total

20 Marks



CBSE Class 10 Maths Exam Pattern for 2024-25

The CBSE Class 10 Maths Exam Pattern for 2024-25 consists of two parts:


  • Internal Assessment: This is conducted by the school throughout the year and carries 20 marks. It typically includes periodic tests, project work, and other activities.

  • Board Exam: This is a 3-hour pen-and-paper exam conducted by the CBSE and carries 80 marks. The exam pattern is as follows:


Section

Question Type

Number of Questions

Marks

A

Very Short Answer

5

20

B

Short Answer

11

30

C

Long Answer and Case-based

7

30



CBSE Class 10th New Plan 2024-25

The following are some major changes that are planned to be introduced in the new CBSE Exam Pattern:


  • Question papers will be designed to assess students' problem-solving and analytical skills.

  • The paper design will be revised to include more short answer-type questions, like those ranging from 1 to 5 points.

  • Some vocational course exams might be held in February, and final board exams will be completed in March within 15 days.

  • Following the early completion of boards, the results are likely to be announced earlier than the existing structure's schedule.


Benefits of Refering to Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths

The Vedantu’s Class 10 NCERT Solutions of Maths provided here in PDFs offer various benefits, including:


  • The answers provided here are simple and straightforward.

  • To facilitate comprehension, solutions are presented in phases.

  • Students are provided diagrams to assist them visualise the solutions.

  • All of the questions from each chapter are answered.

  • Students are urged to prepare all of the chapters covered in the solution modules, as this will help them obtain a deeper understanding of subjects. 

  • For effective preparations, comprehend all of the processes outlined in the answers.


Important Tips for Scoring Well in the Board Exams

Class 10 is an important class in most students’ school lives and is the first class where the students have to appear for a board exam. The class may seem daunting but if the students have been thorough with their studies or the whole academic year then it will not be difficult for them to score good marks at all. To achieve a good score it is necessary that the students keep the following tips and suggestions in mind for the whole year and especially while preparing for the exams.


1. Regular Revision is Key:

  • Consistency in revising and practicing daily lessons is crucial.

  • Regular practice ensures a better understanding and prevents topics from becoming overwhelming during exams.


2. Practice Extensively:

  • Practice all examples and exercises in the NCERT book.

  • Utilize solutions PDF for self-assessment and focus on areas with incorrect answers.

  • Refer to Vedantu's solutions for additional practice and clarity.


3. Concept Clarity Matters:

  • Seek teacher assistance for any doubts promptly.

  • Utilize Vedantu's Solutions PDF for easy-to-understand explanations.

  • Ensure a clear understanding of all concepts well in advance of exams.


4. Understand Syllabus and Paper Pattern:

  • Familiarize yourself with the syllabus, topic weights, and exam pattern.

  • This knowledge aids in efficient exam preparation.


5. Effective Time Management:

  • Create a timetable considering topic weights and personal strengths/weaknesses.

  • Set daily and weekly goals for focused and motivated study sessions.

  • Include breaks for effective learning and retention.


6. Identify Strengths and Weaknesses:

  • Allocate equal time to all topics; practice weaker areas more.

  • Ensure confidence in every topic by thorough practice.


7. Note-taking for Consolidation:

  • Write down theorems and formulas for consolidation and quick revision.

  • Notes act as a reference point and aid in better memorization.


8. Class 10 Maths Resources:

  • Master with our detailed class 10th Maths Guide.

  • Practice sample papers and previous years' question papers.

  • Understand the question patterns to prepare effectively.

  • Vedantu's website offers sample papers for practice.


9. Prioritize Rest and Preparation:

  • Ensure a good night's sleep and a healthy meal before the exam.

  • Gather necessary materials the night before to avoid last-minute stress.


10. Exam Simulation for Time Management:

  • Practice answering sample papers under timed conditions.

  • Assess and improve time management skills to attempt all questions.


11. Presenting Answers Effectively:

  • Answer questions in the order presented in the paper.

  • Highlight final answers and relevant formulas for clarity.

  • Avoid leaving any questions unattempted; partial answers can secure marks.


Following the above-mentioned tips and being sincere in your preparation will help you score good marks in the exams. Having a strong base in Maths in Class 10 is definitely beneficial for classes ahead and in the future. This will help you have an edge over others even in competitive exams. Most competitive exams have maths sections and the questions generally asked pertain to what you may have learnt in school. Having a good grip over the formulas and the topics will definitely help you perform well in these exams as well.


CBSE Class 10 Maths Study Materials

FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Maths

1. What are the topics covered in Class 10 chapters of Mathematics?

The topics covered in Class 10 chapters of Mathematics are:

1. Real Numbers 

  • Real Numbers

  • Euclid’s Division Lemma

  • Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

  • Irrational Numbers

  • Rational Numbers

2. Polynomials 

  • Zeros of a polynomial. 

  • Relationship between zeroes 

  • Coefficients of quadratic polynomials only.

3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

  • Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. 

  • Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. 

  • Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically – by substitution and by elimination. 

  • Simple situational problems. 

  • Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations.

4. Quadratic Equations

  • Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). 

  • Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using the quadratic formulas. 

  • Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots. 

  • Situational problems based on quadratic equations.

5. Arithmetic Progression

  • Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

6. Triangles 

  • Concept of a similar and congruent figure

  • Theorems related to the similarity of triangles

  • Areas of similar triangles

  • Pythagoras Theorem and converse of Pythagoras Theorem

7. Coordinate Geometry

  • Concepts of coordinate geometry.

  • Graphs of linear equations. 

  • Distance formula. 

  • Section formula.

8. Introduction to Trigonometry

  • Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. 

  • Proof of their existence. 

  • Values of the trigonometric ratios. 

  • Relationships between the ratios.

9. Some Applications of Trigonometry

  • Angle of elevation. 

  • Angle of Depression.

  • Simple problems on heights and distances.

10. Circles

  • Various terms related to a circle such as a chord, segment.

  • Important Theorems

  • Tangent to a Circle.

  • Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle.

11. Constructions

  • Dividing a line segment.

  • Construction of tangents to a circle.

12. Areas Related to Circles

  • Calculate the area of a circle

  • Area of sectors and segments of a circle. 

  • Problems based on areas and perimeter.

  • Circumference of the above plane figures.

13. Surface Areas and Volumes

  • Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two figures like cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.

  • Problems that involve converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problems. 

14. Statistics

  • Mean, median and mode of grouped data. 

  • Mean by Direct Method and Assumed Mean Method only.

15. Probability

  • Classical definition of probability. 

  • Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.

2. How can I cover the whole Maths syllabus of Class 10 on time?

To cover the whole Maths syllabus of class 10 on time, you can refer to NCERT Solutions for class 10 provided by Vedantu. Compiled by a group of experts, these solutions will prove a true guide to you. Whether it's about covering the syllabus or scoring high marks, Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions always comes handy. So, download the solutions today and enjoy studying!

3. Can I get NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths for free?

Yes, you can download NCERT Solutions for class 10 Maths PDF completely free of cost from Vedantu’s official website. The solutions are prepared by the experts of Vedantu after a lot of research and these are as per the latest guidelines of CBSE. You can download it hassle free from the official website of Vedantu at free of cost.

4. If I am stuck on any Maths concept or numerical problem of Class 10, will NCERT Solutions help me?

Yes, definitely. NCERT Solutions are designed in such a way that it will help you in concept clearance and then practice. In Mathematics, concept clearance is very much required as the questions will be based on concepts only and you have to solve it logically. 

5. Is NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths enough for scoring high in exams?

Scoring high in exams depends on how well you are aware of the concepts and how well you can imply that on numerical and logical problems. NCERT Solutions will help you in clearing your concepts well and building a strong foundation. So, if your concepts are clear, and you practice well, NCERT Solutions are enough to score high marks in the exam.

6. Where will I get Class 10 NCERT Solutions for Maths PDF?

Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics is one of the best ways for you to prepare for your board exam. The solutions are present on Vedantu’s website (vedantu.com) free of cost. Vedantu’s NCERT solutions are available in PDF format so that you can download them and use them to study online. Students can download these from Vedantu mobile app as well. All the solutions are explained in an easy format along with the concepts. With these solutions in your hand, you won’t have to worry about finishing your NCERT syllabus.

7. How to master in Class 10 Maths CBSE?

In order to master your Class 10 CBSE, you need to focus on finishing your NCERT syllabus. This involves solving all the questions and the examples. To help you with this, Vedantu offers NCERT Solutions for Class 10 in PDF format. You can use these as a guide for finishing the NCERT exercises.

8. Where can I download CBSE Class 10 NCERT Mathematics PDF Solutions?

CBSE Class 10 NCERT Mathematics PDF solutions are nothing short of a blessing for the students. Vedantu offers PDFs of thoroughly written solutions where all the questions from NCERT exercises are explained in detail. Follow these steps to download them:

  • Visit the page of ‘NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths’ on the official website of Vedantu (vedantu.com).

  • Find the exercise for which you want a solution and click on the ‘Download PDF’ link.

  • The solutions will be downloaded into your system. You’ll also receive a message/ mail with a direct download button of your preferred solution.

9. What do the concepts explained in the NCERT Class 10 Maths Textbook?

The Vedantu’s solutions of Class 10 NCERT Maths textbook can help all the students of Class 10th with helpful tips and tricks for solving math problems. These tricks are provided at the end of all chapters. There are 15 chapters in total that students have to study for the Class 10 exam. All the chapters are explained in a detailed manner by the subject matter experts. 

10. How can I save these Class 10 NCERT Maths Solutions for reference?

Vedantu’s Class 10 NCERT Maths Solutions is the easiest way for you to prepare for your Class 10 exams. These solutions PDF cover the concepts as well as solutions to exercises. If you want to save them for reference, you will have to download their PDF files. There is a separate PDF file for each exercise that you can save on your mobile phone or computer for future reference. If you want, you can print these files for easy access.

11. How to grasp the important concepts covered in the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths?

Students who want to do well in their Class 10 examinations should get NCERT Solutions from Vedantu. The solutions are carefully chosen by a team of academics with extensive knowledge in the field. Every minute element is discussed in an engaging manner to help pupils learn more effectively. The step-by-step answers are developed with the marks weightage provided according to CBSE norms.

12. Will the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths help me to solve problems easily?

The Class 10 test is one of the most significant turning moments in students' lives. Mathematics is mostly a numerical subject, and grasping ideas helps students perform higher. To improve performance, students should first comprehend the academic year's syllabus and then master the ideas based on it. Solving textbook problems by referring to the answers PDF will help pupils enhance their logical thinking and analytical abilities.

13. Are the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths useful for the students under the CBSE board?

The NCERT Maths Solutions for Class 10 provide several benefits,

  • Building a firm foundation of essential topics and boosting test confidence.

  • The strategy for addressing complicated problems is simple to learn.

  • It is an ideal study tool for students who want to complete their projects on time and earn higher grades in tests.

14. How to get an idea about the important concepts in the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths?

Before the start of the academic year, students should download and read the CBSE curriculum to get a good understanding of the subjects that will be included in the tests. Students must tackle NCERT Textbook problems by selecting the appropriate study materials that meet their needs. Students' problem-solving abilities improve when they practise the problems on a regular basis using the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics.

15. Is Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths important?

The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths PDFs at Vedantu are designed so that students may quickly comprehend the topics and solve any difficulties. The answers include detailed explanations to make the subject more engaging for pupils. Students can get the PDF of solutions and utilise it to strengthen their conceptual understanding.

16. Is the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths the best reference guide for CBSE students?

Students should choose the best study material for their needs from among the many options available on the market today. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths from Vedantu is regarded as the greatest reference resource for CBSE students. The solutions are provided in both chapter- and exercise-specific versions, and can be downloaded and utilised by students. Students can view the PDF's links at any time.