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CBSE

Class 10 Important Question

Maths

Chapter 8: Introduction To Trigonometry

Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry

Class 10 Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry: Free PDF Download

CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Important Questions revolve around the concept of trigonometric equations at its base. The Class 10 Maths Ch 8 Important Questions by Vedantu come with all the solutions that are drafted in a way, to provide you with a maximum understanding of the subject and figure out the different aspects of trigonometry. The important questions include questions from all the key concepts like basic trigonometry, opposite & adjacent sides in a right-angled triangle, basic trigonometric ratios, and standard values of trigonometric ratios and complementary trigonometric ratios.

The solutions to these important questions are drafted in an easy-to-understand method. Additionally, the solutions contain step-wise explanations. Download the Class 10 important questions PDF to ensure a deeper understanding of the topic.

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Study Important Questions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry

1. If $x \cos θ y \sin θ = a, x \sin θ + y \cos θ = b$ , Prove that $x^{2} + y^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2}$ .

Ans:

Given:

$x \cos θ y \sin θ = a$ …… (1)

$x \sin θ + y \cos θ = b$ …… (2)

Squaring and adding the equation (1) and (2) on both sides.

$x^{2} \cos^{2} θ + y^{2} \sin^{2} θ - 2 x y \cos θ \sin θ + x^{2} \sin^{2} θ + y^{2} \cos^{2} θ + 2 x y \cos θ \sin θ = a^{2} + b^{2}$

$\Rightarrow x^{2} (\cos^{2} θ + \sin^{2} θ) + y^{2} (\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ) = a^{2} + b^{2}$

$\Rightarrow x^{2} + y^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2}$

$∴ x^{2} + y^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2}$

Hence proved.

2. Prove that $\sec^{2} θ + \cos e c^{2} θ$ Can Never Be Less Than $2$ .

Ans:

Given: $\sec^{2} θ + \cos e c^{2} θ$

We know that, $\sec^{2} θ = 1 + \tan^{2} θ$ and ${cosec}^{2} θ = 1 + \cot^{2} θ$ .

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} θ + \cos e c^{2} θ = 1 + \tan^{2} θ + 1 + \cot^{2} θ$

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} θ + \cos e c^{2} θ = 2 + \tan^{2} θ + \cot^{2} θ$

Therefore, $\sec^{2} θ + \cos e c^{2} θ$ can never be less than $2$ .

Hence proved.

3. If $\sin φ = \frac{1}{2}$ , show that $3 \cos φ - 4 \cos^{3} φ = 0$ .

Ans:

Given: $\sin φ = \frac{1}{2}$

We know that $\sin 30^{\circ} = \frac{1}{2}$ .

While comparing the angles of $\sin$ , we get

$\Rightarrow φ = 30^{\circ}$

Substitute $φ = 30^{\circ}$ to get

$3 \cos φ - 4 \cos^{3} φ = 3 \cos (30^{\circ}) - 4 \cos^{3} (30^{\circ})$

$\Rightarrow 3 (\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}) - 4 (\frac{3 \sqrt{3}}{8}) \Rightarrow 0$

Therefore, $3 \cos φ - 4 \cos^{3} φ = 0$ .

Hence proved.

4. If $7 \sin^{2} φ + 3 \cos^{2} φ = 4$ , then Show that $\tan φ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ .

Ans:

Given: $7 \sin^{2} φ + 3 \cos^{2} φ = 4$

We know that, $\sin^{2} φ + \cos^{2} φ = 1$ and $\tan θ = \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ}$

Then, $7 \sin^{2} φ + 3 \cos^{2} φ = 4 (\sin^{2} φ + \cos^{2} φ)$

$\Rightarrow 7 \sin^{2} φ - 4 \sin^{2} φ = 4 \cos^{2} φ - 3 \cos^{2} φ$

$\Rightarrow 3 \sin^{2} φ = \cos^{2} φ$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} φ}{\cos^{2} φ} = \frac{1}{3}$

$\Rightarrow \tan^{2} φ = \frac{1}{3}$

$\Rightarrow \tan φ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

$∴ \tan φ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

Hence proved.

5. If $\cos φ + \sin φ = \sqrt{2} \cos φ$ , Prove that $\cos φ - \sin φ = \sqrt{2} \sin φ$ .

Ans:

Given: $\cos φ + \sin φ = \sqrt{2} \cos φ$

Squaring on both sides, we get

$\Rightarrow {(\cos φ + \sin φ)}^{2} = 2 \cos^{2} φ$

$\Rightarrow \cos^{2} φ + \sin^{2} φ + 2 \cos φ \sin φ = 2 \cos^{2} φ$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} φ = 2 \cos^{2} φ - \cos^{2} φ - 2 \cos φ \sin φ$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} φ = \cos^{2} φ - 2 \cos φ \sin φ$

Add $\sin^{2} φ$ on both sides

$\Rightarrow 2 \sin^{2} φ = \cos^{2} φ - 2 \cos φ \sin φ + \sin^{2} φ$

$\Rightarrow 2 \sin^{2} φ = {(\cos φ - \sin φ)}^{2}$

$∴ \cos φ - \sin φ = \sqrt{2} \sin φ$

Hence proved.

6. If $\tan A + \sin A = m$ and $\tan A - \sin A = n$ , then Show that $m^{2} - n^{2} = 4 \sqrt{m n}$ .

Ans:

Given:

$\tan A + \sin A = m$ …… (1)

$\tan A - \sin A = n$ …… (2)

Now to prove $m^{2} - n^{2} = 4 \sqrt{m n}$ .

Take left-hand side

$m^{2} - n^{2} = {(\tan A + \sin A)}^{2} - {(\tan A - \sin A)}^{2}$

$\Rightarrow \tan^{2} A + \sin^{2} A + 2 \tan A \sin A - \tan^{2} A - \sin^{2} A + 2 \tan A \sin A$

$\Rightarrow 4 \tan A \sin A$

$∴ m^{2} - n^{2} = 4 \tan A \sin A$ …… (3)

Now take right-hand side

$4 \sqrt{m n} = 4 \sqrt{(\tan A + \sin A) (\tan A - \sin A)}$

$\Rightarrow 4 \sqrt{\tan^{2} A - \sin^{2} A} \Rightarrow 4 \sqrt{\frac{\sin^{2} A}{\cos^{2} A} - \sin^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow 4 \sqrt{\sin^{2} A (\frac{1}{\cos^{2} A} - 1)} \Rightarrow 4 \sin A \sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}$

$\Rightarrow 4 \sin A \sqrt{\tan^{2} A} \Rightarrow 4 \sin A \tan A$

Hence, $4 \sqrt{m n} = 4 \tan A \sin A$

$∴ m^{2} - n^{2} = 4 \sqrt{m n}$

Hence proved.

7. If $\sec A = x + \frac{1}{4 x}$ , then prove that $\sec A + \tan A = 2 x$ or $\frac{1}{2 x}$ .

Ans:

Given: $\sec A = x + \frac{1}{4 x}$

Squaring on both sides.

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} A = {(x + \frac{1}{4 x})}^{2}$

We know that, $\sec^{2} A = 1 + \tan^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow 1 + \tan^{2} A = {(x + \frac{1}{4 x})}^{2}$

$\Rightarrow \tan^{2} A = {(x + \frac{1}{4 x})}^{2} - 1$

$\Rightarrow \tan^{2} A = x^{2} + \frac{1}{16 x^{2}} + \frac{1}{2} - 1 \Rightarrow x^{2} + \frac{1}{16 x^{2}} - \frac{1}{2} \Rightarrow {(x - \frac{1}{4 x})}^{2}$

Taking square root on both sides,

$\Rightarrow \tan A = \pm (x - \frac{1}{4 x})$ .

Now, find $\sec A + \tan A$

If $\tan A = x - \frac{1}{4 x}$ means

$\sec A + \tan A = x + \frac{1}{4 x} + x - \frac{1}{4 x} \Rightarrow 2 x$

$∴ \sec A + \tan A = 2 x$

And if $\tan A = - x + \frac{1}{4 x}$ means

$\sec A + \tan A = x + \frac{1}{4 x} - x + \frac{1}{4 x} \Rightarrow \frac{2}{4 x} \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2 x}$

$∴ \sec A + \tan A = \frac{1}{2 x}$

Hence proved.

8. If $A, B$ are Acute Angles and $\sin A = \cos B$ , then Find the Value of $A + B$ .

Ans:

Given: $\sin A = \cos B$

We know that $\sin A = \cos (90^{\circ} - A)$

While comparing the values to get

$\cos B = \cos (90^{\circ} - A)$

$\Rightarrow B = 90^{\circ} - A \Rightarrow A + B = 90^{\circ}$

$∴ A + B = 90^{\circ}$ .

9. Evaluate the Following Questions:

a. Solve for $ϕ$ , if $\tan 5 ϕ = 1$ .

Ans:

Given: $\tan 5 ϕ = 1$

We know that, $\tan^{- 1} (1) = 45^{\circ}$

$5 ϕ = \tan^{- 1} (1) \Rightarrow 45^{\circ}$

$5 ϕ = 45^{\circ}$

$ϕ = \frac{45^{\circ}}{5} \Rightarrow 9^{\circ}$

$∵ ϕ = 9^{\circ}$

b. Solve for $φ$ , if $\frac{\sin φ}{1 + \cos φ} + \frac{1 + \cos φ}{\sin φ} = 4$ .

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\sin φ}{1 + \cos φ} + \frac{1 + \cos φ}{\sin φ} = 4$

$\frac{\sin^{2} φ + 1 + \cos^{2} φ + 2 \cos φ}{\sin φ (1 + \cos φ)} = 4$

$\frac{\sin^{2} φ + {(1 + \cos φ)}^{2}}{\sin φ (1 + \cos φ)} = 4$

$\frac{2 + 2 \cos φ}{\sin φ (1 + \cos φ)} = 4$

$\frac{2 (1 + \cos φ)}{\sin φ (1 + \cos φ)} = 4$

$\frac{2}{\sin φ} = 4$

$\sin φ = \frac{1}{2}$

We know that, $\sin 30^{\circ} = \frac{1}{2}$

$\sin φ = \sin 30^{\circ} \Rightarrow φ = 30^{\circ}$

$∴ φ = 30^{\circ}$ .

10. If $\frac{\cos α}{\cos β} = m$ and $\frac{\cos α}{\sin β} = n$ , show that $(m^{2} + n^{2}) \cos^{2} β = n^{2}$ .

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\cos α}{\cos β} = m$ …… (1)

$\frac{\cos α}{\sin β} = n$ …… (2)

Squaring equation (1) and (2). We get,

$m^{2} = \frac{\cos^{2} α}{\cos^{2} β}$

$n^{2} = \frac{\cos^{2} α}{\sin^{2} β}$

Now to prove $(m^{2} + n^{2}) \cos^{2} β = n^{2}$ ,

Take left-hand side,

$(m^{2} + n^{2}) \cos^{2} β = (\frac{\cos^{2} α}{\cos^{2} β} + \frac{\cos^{2} α}{\sin^{2} β}) \cos^{2} β$

$= (\frac{\cos^{2} α \sin^{2} β + \cos^{2} α \cos^{2} β}{\cos^{2} β \sin^{2} β}) \cos^{2} β$

$= \cos^{2} α (\frac{1}{\cos^{2} β \sin^{2} β}) \cos^{2} β$

$= \frac{\cos^{2} α}{\sin^{2} β}$

$= n^{2}$

$∴ (m^{2} + n^{2}) \cos^{2} β = n^{2}$

Hence proved.

11. If $7 \cos e c φ - 3 \cot φ = 7$ , then prove that $7 \cot φ - 3 \cos e c φ = 3$ .

Ans:

Given: $7 \cos e c φ - 3 \cot φ = 7$

Then prove that, $7 \cot φ - 3 \cos e c φ = 3$

$7 \cos e c φ - 3 \cot φ = 7$

Squaring on both sides, we get

$49 {cosec}^{2} φ + 9 \cot^{2} φ - 42 cosec φ \cot φ = 49$

We know that, ${cosec}^{2} φ = 1 + \cot^{2} φ$ and $\cot^{2} φ = {cosec}^{2} φ - 1$ .

$49 (\cot^{2} φ + 1) + 9 ({cosec}^{2} φ - 1) - 42 cosec φ \cot φ = 49$

$49 \cot^{2} φ + 49 + 9 {cosec}^{2} φ - 9 - 2 (3 cosec φ \cdot 7 \cot φ) = 49$

${(7 \cot φ - 3 cosec φ)}^{2} = 49 - 49 + 9$

${(7 \cot φ - 3 cosec φ)}^{2} = 9$

Take square root on both sides, we get

$∴ 7 \cot φ - 3 cosec φ = 3$

Hence proved.

12. Prove that $2 (\sin^{6} φ + \cos^{6} φ) 3 (\sin^{4} φ + \cos^{4} φ) + 1 = 0$ .

Ans:

Given: $2 (\sin^{6} φ + \cos^{6} φ) 3 (\sin^{4} φ + \cos^{4} φ) + 1 = 0$

Let us take left-hand side,

$\begin{aligned} 2 (\sin^{6} φ + \cos^{6} φ) 3 (\sin^{4} φ + \cos^{4} φ) + 1 \\ = 2 ({(\sin^{2} φ)}^{3} + {(\cos^{2} φ)}^{3}) - 3 ({(\sin^{2} φ)}^{2} + {(\cos^{2} φ)}^{2}) + 1 \end{aligned}$

$= 2 [{(\sin^{2} φ + \cos^{2} φ)}^{3} - 3 \sin^{2} φ \cos^{2} φ (\sin^{2} φ + \cos^{2} φ)] - 3 [{(\sin^{2} φ + \cos^{2} φ)}^{2} - 2 \sin^{2} φ \cos^{2} φ] + 1$

$= 2 [1 - 3 \sin^{2} φ \cos^{2} φ] - 3 [1 - 2 \sin^{2} φ \cos^{2} φ] + 1$

$= 2 - 6 \sin^{2} φ \cos^{2} φ - 3 + 6 \sin^{2} φ \cos^{2} φ + 1$

$= - 1 + 1$

$= 0$

Therefore, $2 (\sin^{6} φ + \cos^{6} φ) 3 (\sin^{4} φ + \cos^{4} φ) + 1 = 0$ .

Hence proved.

13. If $\tan θ = \frac{5}{6}$ and $θ = ϕ = 90^{\circ}$ . What is the value of $\cot ϕ$ .

Ans:

Given: $\tan θ = \frac{5}{6}$ and $θ = ϕ = 90^{\circ}$

We know that, $\tan θ = \frac{1}{\cot θ}$ .

$\cot ϕ = \frac{1}{\tan ϕ}$

$= \frac{1}{5 / 6}$

$= \frac{6}{5}$

$∴ \cot ϕ = \frac{6}{5}$ .

14. What is the Value of $\tan φ$ in terms of $\sin φ$ ?

Ans:

Given: $\tan φ$

We know that, $\tan φ = \frac{\sin φ}{\cos φ}$ and $\cos^{2} φ + \sin^{2} φ = 1$

$\tan φ = \frac{\sin φ}{\cos φ}$

$∴ \tan φ = \frac{\sin φ}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} φ}}$

15. If $\sec φ + \tan φ = 4$ , Find the Value of $\sin φ$ , $\cos φ$ .

Ans:

Given: $\sec φ + \tan φ = 4$

$\frac{1}{\cos φ} + \frac{\sin φ}{\cos φ} = 4$

$\frac{1 + \sin φ}{\cos φ} = 4$

$1 + \sin φ = 4 \cos φ$

Squaring on both sides.

${(1 + \sin φ)}^{2} = {(4 \cos φ)}^{2}$

$1 + 2 \sin φ + \sin^{2} φ = 16 \cos^{2} φ$

$1 + 2 \sin φ + \sin^{2} φ = 16 (1 - \sin^{2} φ)$

$1 + 2 \sin φ + \sin^{2} φ = 16 - 16 \sin^{2} φ$

$17 \sin^{2} φ + 2 \sin φ - 15 = 0$

$17 \sin^{2} φ + 17 \sin φ - 15 \sin φ - 15 = 0$

$17 \sin φ (\sin φ + 1) - 15 (\sin φ + 1) = 0$

$(\sin φ + 1) (17 \sin φ - 15) = 0$

If $\sin φ + 1 = 0$

Hence, $\sin φ = - 1$ is not possible.

Then, $17 \sin φ - 15 = 0$

$∴ \sin φ = \frac{15}{17}$

Now find $\cos φ$

$\frac{1 + \sin φ}{\cos φ} = 4$

Substitute the value of $\sin φ$

$1 + \frac{15}{17} = 4 \cos φ$

$\frac{32}{17} = 4 \cos φ$

$\Rightarrow \cos φ = \frac{32}{17 (4)} \Rightarrow \frac{8}{17}$

$∴ \cos φ = \frac{8}{17}$

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

1. In $Δ A B C$ , Right Angled at $B, A B = 24 c m, B C = 7 c m$ .

Determine the Following Equations:

(i) $\sin A, \cos A$

Ans:

Let us draw a right-angled triangle $A B C$ , right angled at $B$ .

A right triangle ABC with AB=24cm and BC=7cm

Using Pythagoras theorem, find $A C$ .

$A C^{2} = A B^{2} + B C^{2}$

$= {(24)}^{2} + {(7)}^{2}$

$= 576 + 49$

$= 625$

$∴ A C = 25 c m$

Then,

$\sin A = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{7}{25}$

$∴ \sin A = \frac{7}{25}$

$\cos A = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{24}{25}$

$∴ \cos A = \frac{24}{25}$

(ii) $\sin C, \cos C$

Ans:

Let us draw a right-angled triangle $A B C$ , right angled at $B$ .

Using Pythagoras theorem, find $A C$ .

$A C^{2} = A B^{2} + B C^{2}$

$= {(24)}^{2} + {(7)}^{2}$

$= 576 + 49$

$= 625$

$∴ A C = 25 c m$

Then,

$\sin C = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{24}{25}$

$∴ \sin C = \frac{24}{25}$

$\cos C = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{7}{25}$

$∴ \cos C = \frac{7}{25}$

2. In Adjoining Figure, Find the Value of $\tan P - \cot R$ .

A right triangle ABC with AB=24cm and BC=7cm - (2)

Ans:

Using Pythagoras theorem,

$P R^{2} = P Q^{2} + Q R^{2}$

${(13)}^{2} = {(12)}^{2} + Q R^{2}$

$Q R^{2} = 169 - 144 \Rightarrow 25$

$∴ Q R = 5 c m$

Then find $\tan P - \cot R$ ,

First find the value of $\tan P$

$\tan P = \frac{s i d e o p p . t o ∠ P}{s i d e a d j . t o ∠ P} = \frac{Q R}{P Q} = \frac{5}{12}$

$∴ \tan P = \frac{5}{12}$

Now find the value of $\cot R$

We know that, $\tan R = \frac{1}{\cot R}$

For that we need to first find the value of $\tan R$

$\tan R = \frac{s i d e o p p . t o ∠ R}{s i d e a d j . t o ∠ R} = \frac{P Q}{Q R} = \frac{12}{5}$

$∴ \cot R = \frac{5}{12}$

Then,

$\tan P - \cot R = \frac{Q R}{P Q} - \frac{Q R}{P Q}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{5}{12} - \frac{5}{12} \Rightarrow 0$

$∴ \tan P - \cot R = 0$ .

3. If $\sin A = \frac{3}{4}$ , Calculate the Value of $\cos A$ and $\tan A$ .

A right triangle ABC with AC=4k and BC=3k

Ans:

Given that the triangle $A B C$ in which $∠ B = 90^{\circ}$

Let us take $B C = 3 k$ and $A C = 4 k$

Then using Pythagoras theorem,

$A B = \sqrt{{(A C)}^{2} - {(B C)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{{(4 k)}^{2} - {(3 k)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{16 k - 9 k}$

$\Rightarrow k \sqrt{7}$

$∴ A B = k \sqrt{7}$

Calculate the value of $\cos A$

$\cos A = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{k \sqrt{7}}{4 k} = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}$

$∴ \cos A = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}$

And calculate the value of $\tan A$

$\tan A = \frac{B C}{A B} = \frac{3 k}{k \sqrt{7}} = \frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}$

$∴ \tan A = \frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}$

4. Given $15 \cot A = 8$ , Find the Values of $\sin A$ and $\sec A$ .

Ans:

Given: $15 \cot A = 8$

Let us assume a triangle $A B C$ in which $∠ B = 90^{\circ}$ .

Then,

$15 \cot A = 8$

$\Rightarrow \cot A = \frac{8}{15}$

Since $\cot A = \frac{a d j}{h y p} = \frac{A B}{B C}$ .

Let us draw the triangle.

A right triangle ABC with AB=8k and BC=15k

Now, $A B = 8 k$ and $B C = 15 k$ .

Using Pythagoras theorem, find the value of $A C$ .

$A C = \sqrt{{(A B)}^{2} + {(B C)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{{(8 k)}^{2} + {(15 k)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{64 k^{2} + 225 k^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{289 k^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow 17 k$

$∴ A C = 17 k$

Now, find the values of $\sin A$ and $\sec A$ .

$\sin A = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{15 k}{17 k} = \frac{15}{17}$

$∴ \sin A = \frac{15}{17}$

$\sec A = \frac{A C}{A B} = \frac{17 k}{8 k} = \frac{17}{8}$

$∴ \sec A = \frac{17}{8}$

5. If $∠ A$ and $∠ B$ are Acute Angles Such That $\cos A = \cos B$ , then show that $∠ A = ∠ B$

Ans:

Given: $\cos A = \cos B$

In right triangle $A B C$ ,

$\cos A = \frac{s i d e a d j . A}{h y p .} = \frac{A C}{A B}$ …… (1)

And, $\cos B = \frac{s i d e a d j . B}{h y p .} = \frac{B C}{A B}$ …… (2)

Then, $\cos A = \cos B$

Now, equate equation (1) and (2).

$\Rightarrow \frac{A C}{A B} = \frac{B C}{A B}$

$\Rightarrow A C = B C$

$\Rightarrow ∠ A = ∠ B$ .

Therefore, Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.

Hence proved.

6. State Whether the Following are True or False. Justify Your Answer.

The Value of $\tan A$ is Always Less than $1$ .

Ans:

False because sides of a right triangle may have any length, so $\tan A$ may have any value. For example, $\tan A = \frac{B C}{A B} = \frac{15}{10} = \frac{3}{2} = 1.5$ .

$\sec A = \frac{12}{5}$ for Some Value of Angle $A$ .

Ans:

True as $\sec A$ is always greater than $1$ . For example, $\sec A = \frac{h y p .}{s i d e a d j . A}$ . As hypotenuse will be the largest side. So, it is true.

$\cos A$ is the Abbreviation Used for the Cosecant of Angle $A$ .

Ans:

False as $\cos A$ is the abbreviation of $cosineA$ . Because $\cos A$ means cosine of angle $A$ and $co \sec A$ means cosecant of angle $A$ .

$\cot A$ is the Product of $\cot$ and $A$ .

Ans:

False as $\cot A$ is not the product of $c o t$ and $A$ . $c o t$ without $A$ doesn’t have meaning.

$\sin θ = \frac{4}{3}$ for Some Angle $θ$ .

Ans:

False as $\sin θ$ cannot be greater than $1$ . For example, $\sin θ = \frac{s i d e o p p . θ}{h y p}$ . Since the hypotenuse is the largest side. So, $\sin θ$ will be less than $1$ .

7. Evaluate the Following Equations:

i. $\frac{\sin 18^{\circ}}{\cos 72^{\circ}}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\sin 18^{\circ}}{\cos 72^{\circ}}$

We know that, $\sin (90^{\circ} - θ) = \cos θ$

Then,

$\frac{\sin 18^{\circ}}{\cos 72^{\circ}} = \frac{\sin (90^{\circ} - 72^{\circ})}{\cos 72^{\circ}} = \frac{\cos 72^{\circ}}{\cos 72^{\circ}} = 1$

$∴ \frac{\sin 18^{\circ}}{\cos 72^{\circ}} = 1$

ii. $\frac{\tan 26^{\circ}}{\cot 64^{\circ}}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\tan 26^{\circ}}{\cot 64^{\circ}}$

We know that, $\tan (90^{\circ} - θ) = \cot θ$

Then,

$\frac{\tan 26^{\circ}}{\cot 64^{\circ}} = \frac{\tan (90^{\circ} - 64^{\circ})}{\cot 64^{\circ}} = \frac{\cot 64^{\circ}}{\cot 64^{\circ}} = 1$

$∴ \frac{\tan 26^{\circ}}{\cot 64^{\circ}} = 1$

iii. $\cos 48^{\circ} - \sin 42^{\circ}$

Ans:

Given: $\cos 48^{\circ} - \sin 42^{\circ}$

We know that, $\cos (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sin θ$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \cos (90^{\circ} - 42^{\circ}) - \sin 42^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \sin 42^{\circ} - \sin 42^{\circ} \Rightarrow 0$

$∴ \cos 48^{\circ} - \sin 42^{\circ} = 0$

iv. $cosec 31^{\circ} - \sec 59^{\circ}$

Ans:

Given: $cosec 31^{\circ} - \sec 59^{\circ}$

We know that, $cosec (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sec θ$

Then,

$\Rightarrow cosec ((90^{\circ} - 59^{\circ}) - \sec 59^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \sec 59^{\circ} - \sec 59^{\circ} \Rightarrow 0$

$∴ cosec 31^{\circ} - \sec 59^{\circ} = 0$

1. Show that the Following Equations:

$\tan 48^{\circ} \tan 23^{\circ} \tan 42^{\circ} \tan 67^{\circ} = 1$

Ans:

Given: $\tan 48^{\circ} \tan 23^{\circ} \tan 42^{\circ} \tan 67^{\circ} = 1$

We know that, $\tan (90^{\circ} - θ) = \cot θ$ .

Now let us take left-hand side,

$\tan 48^{\circ} \tan 23^{\circ} \tan 42^{\circ} \tan 67^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \tan (90^{\circ} - 42^{\circ}) \tan (90^{\circ} - 67^{\circ}) \tan 42^{\circ} \tan 67^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \cot 42^{\circ} \cot 67^{\circ} \tan 42^{\circ} \tan 67^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\tan 42^{\circ}} . \frac{1}{\tan 67^{\circ}} . \tan 42^{\circ} \tan 67^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow 1$ is equal to R.H.S

$∴ \tan 48^{\circ} \tan 23^{\circ} \tan 42^{\circ} \tan 67^{\circ} = 1$

Hence proved.

(ii) $\cos 38^{\circ} \cos 52^{\circ} - \sin 38^{\circ} \sin 52^{\circ} = 0$

Ans:

Given: $\cos 38^{\circ} \cos 52^{\circ} - \sin 38^{\circ} \sin 52^{\circ} = 0$

We know that, $\cos (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sin θ$

Now let us take left-hand side,

$\cos 38^{\circ} c o s 52^{\circ} - \sin 38^{\circ} \sin 52^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \cos (90^{\circ} - 52^{\circ}) \cos (90^{\circ} - 38^{\circ}) - \sin 38^{\circ} \sin 52^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \sin 52^{\circ} \sin 38^{\circ} - \sin 38^{\circ} \sin 52^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow 0$ is equal to R.H.S

$∴ \cos 38^{\circ} c o s 52^{\circ} - \sin 38^{\circ} \sin 52^{\circ} = 0$

Hence proved.

2. If $\tan 2 A = \cot (A - 18^{\circ})$ where $2 A$ is an Acute Angle, Find the Value of $A$ .

Ans:

Given: $\tan 2 A = \cot (A - 18^{\circ})$

We know that, $\cot (90^{\circ} - θ) = \tan θ$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \cot (90^{\circ} - 2 A) = \cot (A - 18^{\circ})$

Now equalise the angles,

$90^{\circ} - 2 A = A - 18^{\circ}$

$- 2 A - A = - 18^{\circ} - 90^{\circ}$

$- 3 A = - 108^{\circ}$

$A = \frac{108^{\circ}}{3}$

$∴ A = 36^{\circ}$

3. If $\tan A = \cot B$ , then Prove That $A + B = 90^{\circ}$ .

Ans:

Given: $\tan A = \cot B$

We know that, $\cot (90^{\circ} - θ) = \tan θ$

Then,

$\cot (90^{\circ} - A) = \cot B$

Now equalise the angles,

$90^{\circ} - A = B$

$\Rightarrow A + B = 90^{\circ}$

$∴ A + B = 90^{\circ}$

Hence proved.

4. If $\sec 4 A = cosec (A - 20^{\circ})$ , Where $4 A$ is an Acute Angle, Then Find the Value of $A$ .

Ans:

Given: $\sec 4 A = cosec (A - 20^{\circ})$

We know that, $cosec (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sec θ$

Then,

$\Rightarrow cosec (90^{\circ} - 4 A) = cosec (A - 20^{\circ})$

Now equalise the angles,

$90^{\circ} - 4 A = A - 20^{\circ}$

$- 4 A - A = - 20^{\circ} - 90^{\circ}$

$- 5 A = - 110^{\circ}$

$A = \frac{110^{\circ}}{5}$

$∴ A = 22^{\circ}$

Hence proved.

5. If $A, B$ and $C$ are Interior Angles of a $Δ A B C$ , then Show That $\sin (\frac{B + C}{2}) = \cos \frac{A}{2}$ .

Ans:

Given: $A, B$ and $C$ are interior angles of a $Δ A B C$ .

We know that, $A + B + C = 180^{\circ}$ .

Let us consider,

$\frac{A + B + C}{2} = 90^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{B + C}{2} = 90^{\circ} - \frac{A}{2}$

Multiply $\sin$ on both sides,

$\sin (\frac{B + C}{2}) = \sin (90^{\circ} - \frac{A}{2})$

$∴ \sin (\frac{B + C}{2}) = \cos \frac{A}{2}$

Hence proved.

6. Express $\sin 67^{\circ} + \cos 75^{\circ}$ in terms of trigonometric ratios of angles between $0^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ .

Ans:

Given: $\sin 67^{\circ} + \cos 75^{\circ}$ .

We know that, $\sin (90^{\circ} - θ) = \cos θ$ and $\cos (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sin θ$ .

Then,

$\sin 67^{\circ} + \cos 75^{\circ} = \sin (90^{\circ} - 23^{\circ}) + \cos (90^{\circ} - 15^{\circ})$

$= \cos 23^{\circ} + \sin 15^{\circ}$

$∴ \cos 23^{\circ} + \sin 15^{\circ}$ is the required value.

7. Express the Trigonometric Ratios $\sin A, \sec A$ and $\tan A$ in Terms of $\cot A$ .

Ans:

Find the value of $\sin A$ in terms of $\cot A$ .

By using identity ${cosec}^{2} A - \cot^{2} A = 1$ .

Then, use $cosec A = \frac{1}{\sin A}$

$\Rightarrow {cosec}^{2} A = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} A = \frac{1}{1 + \cot^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sin A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}$

$∴ \sin A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}$

Now find the value for $\sec A$ in terms of $\cot A$ .

Using identity $\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A = 1$

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} A = 1 + \tan^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} A = 1 + \frac{1}{\cot^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} A = \frac{\cot^{2} A + 1}{\cot^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sec A = \frac{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}{\cot A}$

$∴ \sec A = \frac{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}{\cot A}$

And find the value for $\tan A$ in terms of $\cot A$

By trigonometric ratio property, $\tan A = \frac{1}{\cot A}$

Hence, $\tan A = \frac{1}{\cot A}$

Therefore, $\sin A, \sec A$ and $\tan A$ are founded in terms of $\cot A$ .

8. Write the Other Trigonometric Ratios of $A$ in Terms of $\sec A$ .

Ans:

Find the value of $\sin A$ in terms of $\sec A$

By using identity, $\sin^{2} A + \cos^{2} A = 1$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} A = 1 - \cos^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} A = 1 - \frac{1}{\sec^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} A = \frac{\sec^{2} A - 1}{\sec^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sin A = \frac{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}{\sec A}$

$∴ \sin A = \frac{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}{\sec A}$

Now find the value for $\cos A$ in terms of $\sec A$ ,

By trigonometric ratio property, $\cos A = \frac{1}{\sec A}$

$∴ \cos A = \frac{1}{\sec A}$

Find the value for $\tan A$ in terms of $\sec A$ ,

By using identity, $\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A = 1$

$\Rightarrow \tan^{2} A = \sec^{2} A - 1$

$\Rightarrow \tan A = \sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}$

$∴ \tan A = \sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}$

Find the value for $cosec A$ in terms of $\sec A$

By trigonometric ratio property, $cosec A = \frac{1}{\sin A}$

$\Rightarrow cosec A = \frac{1}{\sin A}$

Substitute the value of $\sin A = \frac{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}{\sec A}$ .

$\Rightarrow cosec A = \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}{\sec A}}$

$\Rightarrow cosec A = \frac{\sec A}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$

$∴ cosec A = \frac{\sec A}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$

Finally, find the value for $\cot A$ in terms of $\sec A$

By trigonometric ratio property, $\cot A = \frac{1}{\tan A}$

$\Rightarrow \cot A = \frac{1}{\tan A}$

Substitute the value of $\tan A = \sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}$

$\Rightarrow \cot A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$

$∴ \cot A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$ .

9. Evaluate the Following Equations:

(i) $\frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} 27^{\circ}}{\cos^{2} 17^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} 27^{\circ}}{\cos^{2} 17^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

We know that, $\sin (90^{\circ} - θ) = \cos θ, \cos (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sin θ$ and $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} (90^{\circ} - 63^{\circ})}{\cos^{2} (90^{\circ} - 73^{\circ}) + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 63^{\circ}}{\sin^{2} 73^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{1} \Rightarrow 1$

$∴ \frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} 27^{\circ}}{\cos^{2} 17^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}} = 1$

(ii) $\sin 25^{\circ} \cos 65^{\circ} + \cos 25^{\circ} \sin 65^{\circ}$

Ans:

Given: $\sin 25^{\circ} \cos 65^{\circ} + \cos 25^{\circ} \sin 65^{\circ}$

We know that, $\sin (A + B) = \sin A \cos B + \cos A \sin B$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \sin (25^{\circ} + 65^{\circ})$

$\Rightarrow \sin 90^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow 1$

$∴ \sin 25^{\circ} \cos 65^{\circ} + \cos 25^{\circ} \sin 65^{\circ} = 1$

10. Show that Any Positive Odd Integer Is of the Form $6 q + 1$ , or $6 q + 3,$ or $6 q + 5$ , where $q$ is some integer.

Ans:

Let $a$ be any positive integer and $b = 6$ .

Then, by Euclid’s algorithm,

$a = 6 q + r$ for some integer $q \geq 0$ , and $r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$ because $0 \leq r < 6$ .

Therefore, $a = 6 q$ or $6 q + 1$ or $6 q + 2$ or $6 q + 3$ or $6 q + 4$ or $6 q + 5$

Also, $6 q + 1 = 2 \times 3 q + 1 = 2 k_{1} + 1,$ where $k_{1}$ is a positive integer

$6 q + 3 = (6 q + 2) + 1 = 2 (3 q + 1) + 1 = 2 k_{2} + 1,$ Where $k_{2}$ is an integer

$6 q + 5 = (6 q + 4) + 1 = 2 (3 q + 2) + 1 = 2 k_{3} + 1$ , where $k_{3}$ is an integer

Clearly, $6 q + 1, 6 q + 3, 6 q + 5$ are of the form $2 k + 1,$ where $k$ an integer is.

Therefore, $6 q + 1, 6 q + 3, 6 q + 5$ are not exactly divisible by $2$ .

Hence, these expressions of numbers are odd numbers.

And therefore, any odd integer can be expressed in the form $6 q + 1$ , or $6 q + 3$ , or $6 q + 5.$

11. An Army Contingent of $616$ Members are to March Behind an Army Band of $32$ Members in a Parade. The Two Groups Are to March in the Same Number of Columns. What Is the Maximum Number of Columns in Which They Can March?

Ans:

We have to find the $H C F (616, 32)$ to find the maximum number of columns in which they can march.

To find the HCF, we can use Euclid’s algorithm.

$616 = 32 \times 19 + 8$

$\Rightarrow 32 = 8 \times 4 + 0$

Hence, $H C F (616, 32)$ is $8$ .

Therefore, they can march in $8$ columns each.

12. Use Euclid’s Division Lemma to Show That the Square of Any Positive Integer Is Either of Form $3 m$ or $3 m + 1$ for some integer $m$ .

[Hint: Let $x$ be any positive integer then it is of the form $3 q, 3 q + 1$ or $3 q + 2$ . Now square each of these and show that they can be rewritten in the form $3 m$ or $3 m + 1$ .]

Ans:

Let $a$ be any positive integer and $b = 3$ .

Then $a = 3 q + r$ for some integer $q \geq 0$

And $r = 0, 1, 2$ because $0 \leq r < 3$

Therefore, $a = 3 q$ or $3 q + 1$ or $3 q + 2$

Or,

$\Rightarrow a^{2} = {(3 q)}^{2}$ or ${(3 q + 1)}^{2}$ or ${(3 q + 2)}^{2}$

$\Rightarrow a^{2} = {(9 q)}^{2}$ or $9 q^{2} + 6 q + 1$ or $9 q^{2} + 12 q + 4$

$\Rightarrow a^{2} = 3 \times {(3 q)}^{2}$ or $3 (3 q^{2} + 2 q) + 1$ or $3 (3 q^{2} + 4 q + 1) + 1$

$\Rightarrow a = 3 k_{1}$ or $3 k_{2} + 1$ or $3 k_{3} + 1$

Where $k_{1}, k_{2}, k_{3}$ are some positive integers

Hence, it can be said that the square of any positive integer is either of the form $3 m$ or $3 m + 1$ .

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

1. Given $\sec θ = \frac{13}{12}$ , Calculate the Values for All Other Trigonometric Ratios.

A triangle ABC right angled at B and angle A is 𝛳

Ans:

Given: $\sec θ = \frac{13}{12}$

Let us consider a triangle $A B C$ in which $∠ A = θ$ and $∠ B = 90^{\circ}$

Let $A B = 12 k$ and $A C = 13 k$

Then, find the value of $B C$

$B C = \sqrt{{(A C)}^{2} - {(A B)}^{2}}$

$\begin{aligned} \Rightarrow \sqrt{{(13 k)}^{2} - {(12 k)}^{2}} \\ \Rightarrow \sqrt{69 k^{2} - 144 k^{2}} \\ \Rightarrow \sqrt{25 k^{2}} \\ \Rightarrow 5 k \end{aligned}$

$∴ B C = 5 k$

Since, $\sec θ = \frac{13}{12}$

Similarly,

$\sin θ = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{5 k}{13 k} = \frac{5}{13}$

$\cos θ = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{12 k}{13 k} = \frac{12}{13}$

$\tan θ = \frac{B C}{A B} = \frac{5 k}{12 k} = \frac{5}{12}$

$\cot θ = \frac{A B}{B C} = \frac{12 k}{5 k} = \frac{12}{5}$

$\cos e c θ = \frac{A C}{B C} = \frac{13 k}{5 k} = \frac{13}{5}$

2. If $\cot θ = \frac{7}{8}$ , then Evaluate the Followings Equations:

i. $\frac{(1 + \sin θ) (1 - \sin θ)}{(1 + \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}$

Ans:

Given: $\cot θ = \frac{7}{8}$

Let us consider a triangle $A B C$ in which $∠ A = θ$ and $∠ B = 90^{\circ}$

Then, $A B = 7 k$ and $B C = 8 k$

Using Pythagoras theorem, find $A C$

$A C = \sqrt{{(B C)}^{2} + {(A B)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{{(8 k)}^{2} + {(7 k)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{64 k^{2} + 49 k^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{113 k^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{113} k$

$∴ A C = \sqrt{113} k$

A triangle ABC right angled at B and angle A is 𝛳, sides AB=7k, BC=8k and AC=113k

Now find the value of trigonometric ratios.

$\sin θ = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{8 k}{\sqrt{113} k} = \frac{8}{\sqrt{113}}$ and $\cos θ = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{7 k}{\sqrt{113} k} = \frac{7}{\sqrt{113}}$ .

Then,

$\frac{(1 + \sin θ) (1 - \sin θ)}{(1 + \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}$

We know that, $\cos^{2} θ + \sin^{2} θ = 1$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 - \sin^{2} θ}{1 - \cos^{2} θ} \Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} θ}{\sin^{2} θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\frac{49}{113}}{\frac{64}{113}} \Rightarrow \frac{49}{113} \cdot \frac{113}{64} \Rightarrow \frac{49}{64}$

$∴ \frac{(1 + \sin θ) (1 - \sin θ)}{(1 + \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)} = \frac{49}{64}$

ii. $\cot^{2} θ$

Ans:

Given: $\cot^{2} θ$

We know that, $\cot θ = \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ}$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} θ}{\sin^{2} θ} \Rightarrow \frac{\frac{49}{113}}{\frac{64}{113}} \Rightarrow \frac{49}{64}$

$∴ \cot^{2} θ = \frac{49}{64}$

Hence, $\frac{(1 + \sin θ) (1 - \sin θ)}{(1 + \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}$ and $\cot^{2} θ$ are same.

3. If $3 \cot A = 4$ , then show that $\frac{1 - \tan^{2} A}{1 + \tan^{2} A} = \cos^{2} A - \sin^{2} A$ .

A triangle ABC right angled at B and sides AB=4k, BC=3k and AC=5k

Ans:

Given: $3 \cot A = 4$

Let us consider a triangle $A B C$ in which $∠ B = 90^{\circ}$

Then, $3 \cot A = 4$

$\Rightarrow \cot A = \frac{4}{3}$

Let $A B = 4 k$ and $B C = 3 k$

Using Pythagoras theorem, find $A C$

$A C = \sqrt{{(B C)}^{2} + {(A B)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{{(3 k)}^{2} + {(4 k)}^{2}} = \sqrt{16 k^{2} + 9 k^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{25 k^{2}} = 5 k$

$∴ A C = 5 k$

Now find the value of trigonometric ratios.

$\sin A = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{3 k}{5 k} = \frac{3}{5}$ , $\cos A = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{4 k}{5 k} = \frac{4}{5}$ and $\tan A = \frac{B C}{A B} = \frac{3 k}{4 k} = \frac{3}{4}$ .

To prove: $\frac{1 - \tan^{2} A}{1 + \tan^{2} A} = \cos^{2} A - \sin^{2} A$

Let us take left-hand side

L.H.S $= \frac{1 - \tan^{2} A}{1 + \tan^{2} A}$

Substitute the value of $\tan A$ .

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 - \frac{9}{16}}{1 + \frac{9}{16}} = \frac{16}{25} - \frac{9}{25}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{7}{25}$

$∴ \frac{1 - \tan^{2} A}{1 + \tan^{2} A} = \frac{7}{25}$

Then,

R.H.S $= \cos^{2} A - \sin^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow {(\frac{4}{5})}^{2} - {(\frac{3}{5})}^{2} = \frac{16}{25} - \frac{9}{25}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{7}{25}$

$∴ \cos^{2} A - \sin^{2} A = \frac{7}{25}$ .

It shows that $L .H .S=R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{1 - \tan^{2} A}{1 + \tan^{2} A} = \cos^{2} A - \sin^{2} A$

Hence proved.

4. In $Δ A B C$ Right Angles at $B$ , if $A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ , then Find Value of the Following Equations:

(i) $\sin A \cos C + \cos A \sin C$

A triangle ABC right angled at B and sides AB=3k, BC=k and AC=2k

Ans:

Let us consider a triangle $A B C$ in which $∠ B = 90^{\circ}$

Let $B C = k$ and $A B = \sqrt{3} k$

Then, using Pythagoras theorem find $A C$

$A C = \sqrt{{(B C)}^{2} + {(A B)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{{(k)}^{2} + {(\sqrt{3} k)}^{2}} \Rightarrow \sqrt{k^{2} + 3 k^{2}} \Rightarrow \sqrt{4 k^{2}} \Rightarrow 2 k$

$∴ A C = 2 k$

Now find the value of trigonometric ratios.

$\sin A = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{k}{2 k} = \frac{1}{2}$ and $\cos A = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{\sqrt{3} k}{2 k} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

For $∠ C$ , adjacent $= B C$ , opposite $= A B$ , and hypotenuse $= A C$

$\sin C = \frac{A B}{A C} = \frac{\sqrt{3} k}{2 k} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ and $\cos A = \frac{B C}{A C} = \frac{k}{2 k} = \frac{1}{2}$

Now find the values of the following equations,

$\sin A \cos C + \cos A \sin C$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \Rightarrow \frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{4} \Rightarrow \frac{4}{4} \Rightarrow 1$

$∴ \sin A \cos C + \cos A \sin C = 1$

(ii) $\cos A \cos C - \sin A \sin C$

Ans:

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \Rightarrow 0$

$∴ \cos A \cos C - \sin A \sin C = 0$

5. In $Δ P Q R$ , right angled at $Q$ , $P R + Q R = 25 c m$ and $P Q = 5 c m$ . Determine the Values of $\sin P, \cos P$ and $\tan P$ .

A triangle PQR right angled at Q and sides PQ=5cm, QR= x cm and PR=(25-x) cm

Ans:

Given: In $Δ P Q R$ , right angled at $Q$

And $P R + Q R = 25 c m$ , $P Q = 5 c m$

Let us take $Q R = x c m$ and $P R = (25 - x) c m$

By using Pythagoras theorem, find the value of $x$ .

$R P^{2} = R Q^{2} + Q P^{2}$

$\Rightarrow {(25 - x)}^{2} = {(x)}^{2} + {(5)}^{2} \Rightarrow 625 - 50 x + x^{2} = x^{2} + 25$

$\Rightarrow - 50 x = - 600 \Rightarrow x = 12$

Hence, $R Q = 12 c m$ and $R P = 25 - 12 = 13 c m$

Now, find the values of $\sin P, \cos P$ and $\tan P$ .

$∴ \sin P = \frac{R Q}{R P} = \frac{12}{13}$ , $\cos P = \frac{P Q}{R P} = \frac{5}{13}$ and $\tan P = \frac{R Q}{P Q} = \frac{12}{5}$ .

6. If $\tan (A + B) = \sqrt{3}$ and $\tan (A - B) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ ; $0^{\circ} < A + B \leq 90^{\circ}$ ; $A > B$ . Find $A$ and $B$ .

Ans:

Given: $\tan (A + B) = \sqrt{3}$ and $\tan (A - B) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ .

We know that, $\tan 60^{\circ} = \sqrt{3}$ and $\tan 30^{\circ} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ .

Then,

$\tan (A + B) = \tan 60^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow A + B = 60^{\circ}$ …… (1)

$\tan (A - B) = \tan 30^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow A - B = 30^{\circ}$ …… (2)

Adding equation (1) and (2). We get,

$\begin{aligned} A + B + A - B = 60^{\circ} + 30^{\circ} \\ \Rightarrow 2 A = 90^{\circ} \Rightarrow A = 45^{\circ} \end{aligned}$

$∴ A = 45^{\circ}$

Put $A = 45^{\circ}$ in equation (1).

$A + B = 60^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow 45^{\circ} + B = 60^{\circ} \Rightarrow B = 60^{\circ} - 45^{\circ} \Rightarrow B = 15^{\circ}$

$∴ B = 15^{\circ}$

Hence, $A = 45^{\circ}$ and $B = 15^{\circ}$ .

7. Choose the Correct Option. Justify Your Choice:

(i) $9 \sec^{2} A - 9 \tan^{2} A$ $=$

Ans: (B) $9$

$9 \sec^{2} A - 9 \tan^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow 9 (\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A) \Rightarrow 9 \times 1 \Rightarrow 9$

(ii) $(1 + \tan θ + \sec θ) (1 + \cot θ - \cos e c θ)$ $=$

$0$
$1$
$2$
none of these

Ans: (C) $2$

$(1 + \tan θ + \sec θ) (1 + \cot θ - \cos e c θ)$

$\Rightarrow (1 + \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ} + \frac{1}{\cos θ}) (1 + \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ} - \frac{1}{\sin θ}) \Rightarrow (\frac{\cos θ + \sin θ + 1}{\cos θ}) (\frac{\sin θ + \cos θ - 1}{\sin θ})$

We know that, $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

$\Rightarrow \frac{{(\cos θ + \sin θ)}^{2} - {(1)}^{2}}{\cos θ . \sin θ} \Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} θ + \sin^{2} θ + 2 \cos θ \sin θ - 1}{\cos θ . \sin θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + 2 \cos θ \sin θ - 1}{\cos θ . \sin θ} \Rightarrow \frac{2 \cos θ \sin θ}{\cos θ . \sin θ} \Rightarrow 2$

(iii) $(\sec A + \tan A) (1 - \sin A)$ $=$

$\sec A$
$\sin A$
$\cos e c A$
$\cos A$

Ans: (D) $\cos A$

$(\sec A + \tan A) (1 - \sin A)$

$\Rightarrow (\frac{1}{\cos A} + \frac{\sin A}{\cos A}) (1 - \sin A) \Rightarrow (\frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A}) (1 - \sin A)$

We know that, $1 - \sin^{2} A = \cos^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 - \sin^{2} A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \cos A$

(iv) $\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A} =$

$\sec^{2} A$
$- 1$
$\cot^{2} A$
none of these

Ans: (D) $\tan^{2} A$

$\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A} = \frac{\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A + \tan^{2} A}{\cos e c^{2} A - \cot^{2} A + \cot^{2} A}$

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{{{\sec }^{2}}A}{\cos e{{c}^{2}}A}\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfac{rac{1}{{{\cos }^{2}}A}}{\dfrac{1}{{{\sin }^{2}}A}}\]

$Extra close brace or missing open brace$ .

Long Answer Questions (4 Marks)

1. Express the Trigonometric Ratios $\sin A, \sec A$ and $\tan A$ in Terms of $\cot A$ .

Ans:

Find the value for $\sin A$ in terms of $\cot A$

By using identity $\cos e c^{2} A - \cot^{2} A = 1$

Then,

$\Rightarrow {cosec}^{2} A = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} A = \frac{1}{1 + \cot^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sin A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}$

$∴ \sin A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}$

Express the value of $\sec A$ in terms of $\cot A$

By using identity $\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A = 1$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} A = 1 + \tan^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} A = 1 + \frac{1}{\cot^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sec^{2} A = \frac{1 + \cot^{2} A}{\cot^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sec A = \frac{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}{\cot A}$

$∴ \sec A = \frac{\sqrt{1 + \cot^{2} A}}{\cot A}$

Express the value of $\tan A$ in terms of $\cot A$

We know that, $\tan A = \frac{1}{\cot A}$

$∴ \tan A = \frac{1}{\cot A}$

2. Write the Other Trigonometric Ratios of $A$ in Terms of $\sec A$ .

Ans:

Express the value of $\sin A$ in terms of $\sec A$

By using identity, $\sin^{2} A + \cos^{2} A = 1$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} A = 1 - \cos^{2} A \Rightarrow 1 - \frac{1}{\sec^{2} A} \Rightarrow \frac{\sec^{2} A - 1}{\sec^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \sin A = \frac{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}{\sec A}$

$∴ \sin A = \frac{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}{\sec A}$

Express the value of $\cos A$ in terms of $\sec A$

We know that, $\cos A = \frac{1}{\sec A}$

$∴ \cos A = \frac{1}{\sec A}$

Express the value of $\tan A$ in terms of $\sec A$

By using identity $\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A = 1$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \tan^{2} A = \sec^{2} A - 1$

$\Rightarrow \tan A = \sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}$

$∴ \tan A = \sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}$

Express the value of $\cos e c A$ in terms of $\sec A$

We know that, $cosec A = \frac{1}{\sin A}$

Then,

Substitute the value of $\sin A$

$\Rightarrow \cos e c A = \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}{\sec A}} \Rightarrow \frac{\sec A}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$

$∴ cosec A = \frac{\sec A}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$

Express the value of $\cot A$ in terms of $\sec A$

We know that, $\cot A = \frac{1}{\tan A}$

Substitute the value of $\tan A$

$\Rightarrow \cot A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$

$∴ \cot A = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\sec^{2} A - 1}}$

3. Evaluate the following equations:

(i). $\frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} 27^{\circ}}{\cos^{2} 17^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} 27^{\circ}}{\cos^{2} 17^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

We know that, $\sin (90^{\circ} - θ) = \cos θ, \cos (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sin θ$ and $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then,

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} (90^{\circ} - 63^{\circ})}{\cos^{2} (90^{\circ} - 73^{\circ}) + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 63^{\circ}}{\sin^{2} 73^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{1} \Rightarrow 1$

$∴ \frac{\sin^{2} 63^{\circ} + \sin^{2} 27^{\circ}}{\cos^{2} 17^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 73^{\circ}} = 1$

(ii). $\sin 25^{\circ} \cos 65^{\circ} + \cos 25^{\circ} \sin 65^{\circ}$

Ans:

Given: $\sin 25^{\circ} \cos 65^{\circ} + \cos 25^{\circ} \sin 65^{\circ}$

We know that, $\sin (90^{\circ} - θ) = \cos θ, \cos (90^{\circ} - θ) = \sin θ$ and $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

$\Rightarrow \sin 25^{\circ} \cos (90^{\circ} - 25^{\circ}) + \cos 25^{\circ} \sin (90^{\circ} - 25^{\circ})$

$\Rightarrow \sin 25^{\circ} . \sin 25^{\circ} + \cos 25^{\circ} . \cos 25^{\circ}$

$\Rightarrow \sin^{2} 25^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 25^{\circ} = 1$

$∴ \sin 25^{\circ} \cos 65^{\circ} + \cos 25^{\circ} \sin 65^{\circ} = 1$

4. Choose the Correct Option. Justify Your Choice:

(i) $9 \sec^{2} A - 9 \tan^{2} A$ $=$

Ans: (B) $9$

$9 \sec^{2} A - 9 \tan^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow 9 (\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A) \Rightarrow 9 \times 1 \Rightarrow 9$

(ii) $(1 + \tan θ + \sec θ) (1 + \cot θ - \cos e c θ)$ $=$

$0$
$1$
$2$
none of these

Ans: (C) $2$

$(1 + \tan θ + \sec θ) (1 + \cot θ - \cos e c θ)$

We know that, $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

$\Rightarrow \frac{{(\cos θ + \sin θ)}^{2} - {(1)}^{2}}{\cos θ . \sin θ} \Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} θ + \sin^{2} θ + 2 \cos θ \sin θ - 1}{\cos θ . \sin θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + 2 \cos θ \sin θ - 1}{\cos θ . \sin θ} \Rightarrow \frac{2 \cos θ \sin θ}{\cos θ . \sin θ} \Rightarrow 2$

(iii) $(\sec A + \tan A) (1 - \sin A)$ $=$

$\sec A$
$\sin A$
$\cos e c A$
$\cos A$

Ans: (D) $\cos A$

$(\sec A + \tan A) (1 - \sin A)$

$\Rightarrow (\frac{1}{\cos A} + \frac{\sin A}{\cos A}) (1 - \sin A) \Rightarrow (\frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A}) (1 - \sin A)$

We know that, $1 - \sin^{2} A = \cos^{2} A$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 - \sin^{2} A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \cos A$

(iv) $\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A} =$

$\sec^{2} A$
$- 1$
$\cot^{2} A$
none of these

Ans: (D) $\tan^{2} A$

$\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A} = \frac{\sec^{2} A - \tan^{2} A + \tan^{2} A}{\cos e c^{2} A - \cot^{2} A + \cot^{2} A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sec^{2} A}{\cos e c^{2} A} \Rightarrow \frac{\frac{1}{\cos^{2} A}}{\frac{1}{\sin^{2} A}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} A}{\cos^{2} A} \Rightarrow \tan^{2} A$ .

5. Prove the Following Identities, Where the Angles Involved are Acute Angles for Which the Expressions are Defined:

(i). ${(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ}$

Ans:

Given: ${(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ}$

We know that, ${(a - b)}^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2} - 2 a b$ , $cosec θ = \frac{1}{\sin θ}$ and $\cot θ = \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ}$

Then, let us take left-hand side

$\Rightarrow {(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = {cosec}^{2} θ + \cot^{2} θ - 2 cosec θ \cot θ$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sin^{2} θ} + \frac{\cos^{2} θ}{\sin^{2} θ} - 2 \times \frac{1}{\sin θ} . \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ} \Rightarrow \frac{1 + \cos^{2} θ}{\sin^{2} θ} - \frac{2 \cos θ}{\sin^{2} θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + \cos^{2} θ - 2 \cos θ}{\sin^{2} θ} \Rightarrow \frac{{(1 - \cos θ)}^{2}}{\sin^{2} θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(1 - \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}{1 - \cos^{2} θ} \Rightarrow \frac{(1 - \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}{(1 + \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ} = R .H .S$

$∴ {(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ}$

Hence proved.

(ii) $\frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} = 2 \sec A$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} = 2 \sec A$

We know that, $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then, let us take left-hand side

$\frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} A + 1 + \sin^{2} A + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} A + \sin^{2} A + 1 + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + 1 + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2 + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2 (1 + \sin A)}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2}{\cos A} \Rightarrow 2 \sec A = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} = 2 \sec A$

Hence proved.

(iii). $\frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = 1 + \sec θ cosec θ$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = 1 + \sec θ cosec θ$

We know that, $a^{3} - b^{3} = (a - b) (a^{2} + b^{2} + a b)$ and $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = \frac{\frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ}}{1 - \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ}} + \frac{\frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ}}{1 - \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ} \times \frac{\sin θ}{\sin θ - \cos θ} + \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ} \times \frac{\cos θ}{\cos θ - \sin θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} θ}{\cos θ (\sin θ - \cos θ)} - \frac{\cos^{2} θ}{\sin θ (\sin θ - \cos θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{3} θ - \cos^{3} θ}{\sin θ \cos θ (\sin θ - \cos θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + \sin θ \cos θ}{\sin θ \cos θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sin θ \cos θ} + 1$

$\Rightarrow 1 + \frac{1}{\sin θ \cos θ} \Rightarrow 1 + \sec θ \cos e c θ$ = R.H.S

$∴ \frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = 1 + \sec θ cosec θ$

Hence proved.

(iv) $\frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{1 + \frac{1}{\cos A}}{\frac{1}{\cos A}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cos A + 1}{\cos A} \times \frac{\cos A}{1} \Rightarrow 1 + \cos A$

$\Rightarrow 1 + \cos A \times \frac{1 - \cos A}{1 - \cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{1 - \cos^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A} = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

Hence proved.

(v) $\frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1} = \cos e c A + \cot A$ , using the identity $\cos e c^{2} A = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1} = \cos e c A + \cot A$

We know that, $\cos e c^{2} A = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1}$

Dividing all terms by $\sin A$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cot A - 1 + \cos e c A}{\cot A + 1 - \cos e c A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cot A + \cos e c A - 1}{\cot A - \cos e c A + 1}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(\cot A + \cos e c A) - (\cos e c^{2} A - \cot^{2} A)}{(1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(\cot A + \cos e c A) + (\cot^{2} A - \cos e c^{2} A)}{(1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(\cot A + \cos e c A) (1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}{(1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}$

$\Rightarrow \cot A + \cos e c A = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1} = \cos e c A + \cot A$

Hence proved.

(vi) $\sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} = \sec A + \tan A$

Ans:

Given: $\sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} = \sec A + \tan A$

We know that, $1 - \sin^{2} θ = \cos^{2} θ$ and $(a + b) (a - b) = a^{2} - b^{2}$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}}$

Let us take conjugate of the term. Then,

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} \times \sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 + \sin A}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{{(1 + \sin A)}^{2}}{1 - \sin^{2} A}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{{(1 + \sin A)}^{2}}{{Cos}^{2} A}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{1}{\cos A} + \frac{\sin A}{\cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \sec A + \tan A = R .H .S$

$∴ \sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} = \sec A + \tan A$

Hence proved.

(vii) $\frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \tan θ$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \tan θ$

We know that, $1 - \sin^{2} θ = \cos^{2} θ$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 \sin^{2} θ)}{\cos θ (2 \cos^{2} θ - 1)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 \sin^{2} θ)}{\cos θ [2 (1 - \sin^{2} θ) - 1]}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 \sin^{2} θ)}{\cos θ (2 - 2 \sin^{2} θ - 1)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 {Sin}^{2} θ)}{\cos θ (1 - 2 {Sin}^{2} θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ} = \tan θ = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \tan θ$

Hence proved.

(viii) ${(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A$

Ans:

Given: ${(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A$

We know that, $\cos e c^{2} θ = 1 + \cot^{2} θ$ and $\sec^{2} θ = 1 + \tan^{2} θ$

Then, let us take L.H.S

${(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = {(\sin A + \frac{1}{\sin A})}^{2} + {(\cos A + \frac{1}{\cos A})}^{2}$

$= \sin^{2} A + \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} + 2 \sin A . \frac{1}{\sin A} + \cos^{2} A + \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A} + 2 \cos A . \frac{1}{\cos A}$

$= 2 + 2 + \sin^{2} A + \cos^{2} A + \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} + \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A}$

$= 4 + 1 + \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} + \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A}$

$= 5 + \cos e c^{2} A + \sec^{2} A$

$= 5 + 1 + \cot^{2} A + 1 + \tan^{2} A$

$= 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A = R .H .S$

$∴ {(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A$

Hence proved.

(ix) $(\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A}$

Ans:

Given: $(\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A}$

We know that, $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$(\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = (\frac{1}{\sin A} - \sin A) (\frac{1}{\cos A} - \cos A)$

$= (\frac{1 - \sin^{2} A}{\sin A}) (\frac{1 - \cos^{2} A}{\cos A})$

$= \frac{\cos^{2} A}{\sin A} \times \frac{\sin^{2} A}{\cos A}$

$= \sin A . \cos A$

$= \frac{\sin A . \cos A}{\sin^{2} A + \cos^{2} A}$

Dividing all the terms by $\sin A . \cos A$

$= \frac{\frac{\sin A . \cos A}{\sin A . \cos A}}{\frac{\sin^{2} A}{\sin A . \cos A} + \frac{\cos^{2} A}{\sin A . \cos A}}$

$= \frac{1}{\frac{\sin A}{\cos A} + \frac{\cos A}{\sin A}}$

$= \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A} = R .H .S$

$∴ (\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A}$

Hence proved.

(x) $(\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = \tan^{2} A$

Ans:

Given: $(\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = \tan^{2} A$

We know that, $1 + \tan^{2} θ = \sec^{2} θ$ and $1 + \cot^{2} θ = \cos e c^{2} A$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$(\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = \frac{\sec^{2} A}{\cos e c^{2} A}$

$= \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A} \times \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1}$

$= \tan^{2} A = R .H .S$

Now, prove the Middle side

${(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \frac{1}{\tan A}})}^{2}$

$= {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{\frac{\tan A - 1}{\tan A}})}^{2}$

$= (\frac{1 - \tan A}{\frac{- (1 - \tan A)}{\tan A}})$

$= {(- \tan A)}^{2}$

$= \tan^{2} A = R .H .S$

$∴ (\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = \tan^{2} A$

Hence proved.

6. Use Euclid’s Division Algorithm to Find the $HCF$ of:

(i) $135$ and $225$

Ans:

Given: $135$ and $225$

We have $225 > 135$ ,

So, we have to apply the division lemma to $225$ and $135$ to obtain

$225 = 135 \times 1 + 90$

Here remainder $90 \neq 0$ , again we are applying the division lemma to $135$ and $90$ to obtain

$135 = 90 \times 1 + 45$

Again, the remainder $45 \neq 0$ , then apply the division lemma to obtain

$90 = 2 \times 45 + 0$

Since now we got remainder as zero. Here, the process get stops.

The divisor at this stage is $45$

Therefore, the HCF of $135$ and $225$ is $45$ .

(ii) $196$ and $38220$

Ans:

Given: $196$ and $38220$

We have $38220 > 196$ ,

So, we have to apply the division lemma to $38220$ and $196$ to obtain

$38220 = 196 \times 195 + 0$

Since we get the remainder as zero, the process stops here.

The divisor at this stage is $196$ ,

Therefore, HCF of $196$ and $38220$ is $196$ .

(iii) $867$ and $255$

Ans:

Given: $867$ and $255$

We have 867 > 255,

So, we have to apply the division lemma to $867$ and $255$ to obtain

$867 = 255 \times 3 + 102$

Here remainder $102 \neq 0$ , again apply the division lemma to $255$ and $102$ to obtain

$255 = 102 \times 2 51$

Again, remainder $51 \neq 0$ , again apply the division lemma to $102$ and $51$ to obtain

$102 = 51 \times 2 + 0$

Since we get the remainder as zero, the process stops here.

The divisor at this stage is $51$ ,

Therefore, HCF of $867$ and $255$ is $51$ .

7. Evaluate the Following Equations:

i. $\sin 60^{\circ} \cos 30^{\circ} + \sin 30^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}$

Ans:

Given: $\sin 60^{\circ} \cos 30^{\circ} + \sin 30^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}$

We know that, $\sin 60^{\circ} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, \sin 30^{\circ} = \frac{1}{2}$ and $\cos 60^{\circ} = \frac{1}{2}, \cos 30^{\circ} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Then,

$\sin 60^{\circ} \cos 30^{\circ} + \sin 30^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ}$

$= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{2}$

$= \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{4}$

$= \frac{4}{4} = 1$

$∴ \sin 60^{\circ} \cos 30^{\circ} + \sin 30^{\circ} \cos 60^{\circ} = 1$

ii. $2 \tan^{2} 45^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 30^{\circ} - \sin^{2} 60^{\circ}$

Ans:

Given: $2 \tan^{2} 45^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 30^{\circ} - \sin^{2} 60^{\circ}$

We know that, $\tan 45^{\circ} = 1$ , $\sin 60^{\circ} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ and $\cos 30^{\circ} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Then, $2 \tan^{2} 45^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 30^{\circ} - \sin^{2} 60^{\circ}$

$= 2 {(1)}^{2} + {(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})}^{2} - {(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})}^{2}$

$= 2 + \frac{3}{4} - \frac{3}{4} = 2$

$∴ 2 \tan^{2} 45^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 30^{\circ} - \sin^{2} 60^{\circ} = 2$

iii. $\frac{\cos 45^{\circ}}{\sec 30^{\circ} + \cos e c 30^{\circ}}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\cos 45^{\circ}}{\sec 30^{\circ} + \cos e c 30^{\circ}}$

We know that, $\cos 45^{\circ} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \sec 30^{\circ} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}$ and $cosec 30^{\circ} = 2$

$= \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} + 2}$

$= \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{2 + 2 \sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}}$

$= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2 + 2 \sqrt{3}}$

$= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2} \times 2 (\sqrt{3} + 1)}$

$= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2} \times 2 (\sqrt{3} + 1)} \times \frac{\sqrt{3} - 1}{\sqrt{3} - 1}$

$= \frac{\sqrt{3} (\sqrt{3} - 1)}{\sqrt{2} \times 2 (3 - 1)}$

$= \frac{\sqrt{3} (\sqrt{3} - 1)}{4 \sqrt{2}} \times \frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}$

$= \frac{3 \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{6}}{8}$

$∴ \frac{\cos 45^{\circ}}{\sec 30^{\circ} + \cos e c 30^{\circ}} = \frac{3 \sqrt{2} - \sqrt{6}}{8}$

(iv) $\frac{\sin 30^{\circ} + \tan 45^{\circ} - \cos e c 60^{\circ}}{\sec 30^{\circ} + \cos 60^{\circ} + \cot 45^{\circ}}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\sin 30^{\circ} + \tan 45^{\circ} - \cos e c 60^{\circ}}{\sec 30^{\circ} + \cos 60^{\circ} + \cot 45^{\circ}}$

We know that, $\sin 30^{\circ} = \frac{1}{2}, \tan 45^{\circ} = 1, cosec 60^{\circ} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}, \sec 30^{\circ} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}, \cos 60^{\circ} = \frac{1}{2}$ and $\cot 45^{\circ} = 1$ .

Then, $\frac{\sin 30^{\circ} + \tan 45^{\circ} - \cos e c 60^{\circ}}{\sec 30^{\circ} + \cos 60^{\circ} + \cot 45^{\circ}}$

$= \frac{1 / 2 + 1 - 2 / \sqrt{3}}{2 / \sqrt{3} + 1 / 2 + 1}$

$= \frac{\frac{\sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3} - 4}{2 \sqrt{3}}}{\frac{4 + \sqrt{3} + 2 \sqrt{3}}{2 \sqrt{3}}}$

$= \frac{3 \sqrt{3} - 4}{3 \sqrt{3} + 4}$

$= \frac{3 \sqrt{3} - 4}{3 \sqrt{3} + 4} \times \frac{3 \sqrt{3} - 4}{3 \sqrt{3} - 4}$

$= \frac{27 + 16 - 24 \sqrt{3}}{27 - 16}$

$= \frac{43 - 24 \sqrt{3}}{11}$

$∴ \frac{\sin 30^{\circ} + \tan 45^{\circ} - \cos e c 60^{\circ}}{\sec 30^{\circ} + \cos 60^{\circ} + \cot 45^{\circ}} = \frac{43 - 24 \sqrt{3}}{11}$

(v) $\frac{5 \cos^{2} 60^{\circ} + 4 \sin^{2} 30^{\circ} - \tan^{2} 45^{\circ}}{\sin^{2} 30^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 30^{\circ}}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{5 \cos^{2} 60^{\circ} + 4 \sin^{2} 30^{\circ} - \tan^{2} 45^{\circ}}{\sin^{2} 30^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 30^{\circ}}$ . Then,

$= \frac{5 {(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} + {(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}})}^{2} - {(1)}^{2}}{{(\frac{1}{2})}^{2} + {(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2})}^{2}}$

$= \frac{5 \times \frac{1}{4} + 4 \times \frac{4}{3} - 1}{\frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{4}}$

$= \frac{\frac{1}{12} \times 67}{\frac{4}{4}}$

$= \frac{67}{12}$

$∴ \frac{5 \cos^{2} 60^{\circ} + 4 \sin^{2} 30^{\circ} - \tan^{2} 45^{\circ}}{\sin^{2} 30^{\circ} + \cos^{2} 30^{\circ}} = \frac{67}{12}$

8. Prove the Following Identities, Where the Angles Involved are Acute Angles for Which the Expressions are Defined:

(i) ${(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ}$

Ans:

Given: ${(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ}$

We know that, ${(a - b)}^{2} = a^{2} + b^{2} - 2 a b$ , $cosec θ = \frac{1}{\sin θ}$ and $\cot θ = \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ}$

Then, let us take left-hand side

$\Rightarrow {(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = {cosec}^{2} θ + \cot^{2} θ - 2 cosec θ \cot θ$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + \cos^{2} θ - 2 \cos θ}{\sin^{2} θ} \Rightarrow \frac{{(1 - \cos θ)}^{2}}{\sin^{2} θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(1 - \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}{1 - \cos^{2} θ} \Rightarrow \frac{(1 - \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}{(1 + \cos θ) (1 - \cos θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ} = R .H .S$

$∴ {(cosec θ - \cot θ)}^{2} = \frac{1 - \cos θ}{1 + \cos θ}$

Hence proved.

(ii) $\frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} = 2 \sec A$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} = 2 \sec A$

We know that, $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then, let us take left-hand side

$\frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} A + 1 + \sin^{2} A + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cos^{2} A + \sin^{2} A + 1 + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + 1 + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2 + 2 \sin A}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2 (1 + \sin A)}{(1 + \sin A) \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{2}{\cos A} \Rightarrow 2 \sec A = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{\cos A}{1 + \sin A} + \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} = 2 \sec A$

Hence proved.

(iii) $\frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = 1 + \sec θ cosec θ$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = 1 + \sec θ cosec θ$

We know that, $a^{3} - b^{3} = (a - b) (a^{2} + b^{2} + a b)$ and $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = \frac{\frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ}}{1 - \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ}} + \frac{\frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ}}{1 - \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ} \times \frac{\sin θ}{\sin θ - \cos θ} + \frac{\cos θ}{\sin θ} \times \frac{\cos θ}{\cos θ - \sin θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} θ}{\cos θ (\sin θ - \cos θ)} - \frac{\cos^{2} θ}{\sin θ (\sin θ - \cos θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{3} θ - \cos^{3} θ}{\sin θ \cos θ (\sin θ - \cos θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + \sin θ \cos θ}{\sin θ \cos θ}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sin θ \cos θ} + 1$

$\Rightarrow 1 + \frac{1}{\sin θ \cos θ} \Rightarrow 1 + \sec θ \cos e c θ$ = R.H.S

$∴ \frac{\tan θ}{1 - \cot θ} + \frac{\cot θ}{1 - \tan θ} = 1 + \sec θ cosec θ$

Hence proved.

(iv) $\frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{1 + \frac{1}{\cos A}}{\frac{1}{\cos A}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cos A + 1}{\cos A} \times \frac{\cos A}{1} \Rightarrow 1 + \cos A$

$\Rightarrow 1 + \cos A \times \frac{1 - \cos A}{1 - \cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{1 - \cos^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A} = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{1 + \sec A}{\sec A} = \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1 - \cos A}$

Hence proved.

(v) $\frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1} = \cos e c A + \cot A$ , using the identity $\cos e c^{2} A = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1} = \cos e c A + \cot A$

We know that, $\cos e c^{2} A = 1 + \cot^{2} A$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1}$

Dividing all terms by $\sin A$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cot A - 1 + \cos e c A}{\cot A + 1 - \cos e c A}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\cot A + \cos e c A - 1}{\cot A - \cos e c A + 1}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(\cot A + \cos e c A) - (\cos e c^{2} A - \cot^{2} A)}{(1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(\cot A + \cos e c A) + (\cot^{2} A - \cos e c^{2} A)}{(1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{(\cot A + \cos e c A) (1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}{(1 + \cot A - \cos e c A)}$

$\Rightarrow \cot A + \cos e c A = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{\cos A - \sin A + 1}{\cos A + \sin A - 1} = \cos e c A + \cot A$

Hence proved.

(vi) $\sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} = \sec A + \tan A$

Ans:

Given: $\sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} = \sec A + \tan A$

We know that, $1 - \sin^{2} θ = \cos^{2} θ$ and $(a + b) (a - b) = a^{2} - b^{2}$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}}$

Let us take conjugate of the term. Then,

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} \times \sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 + \sin A}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{{(1 + \sin A)}^{2}}{1 - \sin^{2} A}}$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{{(1 + \sin A)}^{2}}{{Cos}^{2} A}}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1 + \sin A}{\cos A} \Rightarrow \frac{1}{\cos A} + \frac{\sin A}{\cos A}$

$\Rightarrow \sec A + \tan A = R .H .S$

$∴ \sqrt{\frac{1 + \sin A}{1 - \sin A}} = \sec A + \tan A$

Hence proved.

(vii) $\frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \tan θ$

Ans:

Given: $\frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \tan θ$

We know that, $1 - \sin^{2} θ = \cos^{2} θ$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$\frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 \sin^{2} θ)}{\cos θ (2 \cos^{2} θ - 1)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 \sin^{2} θ)}{\cos θ [2 (1 - \sin^{2} θ) - 1]}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 \sin^{2} θ)}{\cos θ (2 - 2 \sin^{2} θ - 1)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ (1 - 2 {Sin}^{2} θ)}{\cos θ (1 - 2 {Sin}^{2} θ)}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{\sin θ}{\cos θ} = \tan θ = R .H .S$

$∴ \frac{\sin θ - 2 \sin^{3} θ}{2 \cos^{3} θ - \cos θ} = \tan θ$

Hence proved.

(viii) ${(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A$

Ans:

Given: ${(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A$

We know that, $\cos e c^{2} θ = 1 + \cot^{2} θ$ and $\sec^{2} θ = 1 + \tan^{2} θ$

Then, let us take L.H.S

${(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = {(\sin A + \frac{1}{\sin A})}^{2} + {(\cos A + \frac{1}{\cos A})}^{2}$

$= \sin^{2} A + \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} + 2 \sin A . \frac{1}{\sin A} + \cos^{2} A + \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A} + 2 \cos A . \frac{1}{\cos A}$

$= 2 + 2 + \sin^{2} A + \cos^{2} A + \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} + \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A}$

$= 4 + 1 + \frac{1}{\sin^{2} A} + \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A}$

$= 5 + \cos e c^{2} A + \sec^{2} A$

$= 5 + 1 + \cot^{2} A + 1 + \tan^{2} A$

$= 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A = R .H .S$

$∴ {(\sin A + \cos e c A)}^{2} + {(\cos A + \sec A)}^{2} = 7 + \tan^{2} A + \cot^{2} A$

Hence proved.

(ix) $(\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A}$

Ans:

Given: $(\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A}$

We know that, $\sin^{2} θ + \cos^{2} θ = 1$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$(\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = (\frac{1}{\sin A} - \sin A) (\frac{1}{\cos A} - \cos A)$

$= (\frac{1 - \sin^{2} A}{\sin A}) (\frac{1 - \cos^{2} A}{\cos A})$

$= \frac{\cos^{2} A}{\sin A} \times \frac{\sin^{2} A}{\cos A}$

$= \sin A . \cos A$

$= \frac{\sin A . \cos A}{\sin^{2} A + \cos^{2} A}$

Dividing all the terms by $\sin A . \cos A$

$= \frac{\frac{\sin A . \cos A}{\sin A . \cos A}}{\frac{\sin^{2} A}{\sin A . \cos A} + \frac{\cos^{2} A}{\sin A . \cos A}}$

$= \frac{1}{\frac{\sin A}{\cos A} + \frac{\cos A}{\sin A}}$

$= \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A} = R .H .S$

$∴ (\cos e c A - \sin A) (\sec A - \cos A) = \frac{1}{\tan A + \cot A}$

Hence proved.

(x) $(\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = \tan^{2} A$

Ans:

Given: $(\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = \tan^{2} A$

We know that, $1 + \tan^{2} θ = \sec^{2} θ$ and $1 + \cot^{2} θ = \cos e c^{2} A$

Then, let us take L.H.S

$(\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = \frac{\sec^{2} A}{\cos e c^{2} A}$

$= \frac{1}{\cos^{2} A} \times \frac{\sin^{2} A}{1}$

$= \tan^{2} A = R .H .S$

Now, prove the Middle side

${(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \frac{1}{\tan A}})}^{2}$

$= {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{\frac{\tan A - 1}{\tan A}})}^{2}$

$= (\frac{1 - \tan A}{\frac{- (1 - \tan A)}{\tan A}})$

$= {(- \tan A)}^{2}$

$= \tan^{2} A = R .H .S$

$∴ (\frac{1 + \tan^{2} A}{1 + \cot^{2} A}) = {(\frac{1 - \tan A}{1 - \cot A})}^{2} = \tan^{2} A$

Hence proved.

Key Topics Covered in Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Class 10 Mathematics consists of the discussion of the following key concepts.

Basic Trigonometry
Opposite & Adjacent Sides In A Right-Angled Triangle
Basic Trigonometric Ratios
Standard Values Of Trigonometric Ratios
Complementary Trigonometric Ratios

Significance of Important Questions of Trigonometry Class 10

Trigonometry is one of the most significant parts of Important Questions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8. This chapter revolves around the memorization and conceptual understanding of the user’s problem-solving ability of a given space, preferably a triangle. These Class 10 Maths Trigonometry Important Questions help students to have a better understanding and application of trigonometry in the real world and clear the base around its introductory stage, to help students retain its benefits in the long run.

Did You Know?

Trigonometry has different applications and a few of them are mentioned below:

It is used in cartography for the creation of maps.
It has applications in the aviation industry and satellite systems.
It is also used to describe light and sound waves.

This was the complete discussion on CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry important questions. If you are a Class 10 student we highly recommend downloading and practising the important questions on trigonometry. Practising these important questions will not only help you understand the concepts but will also help you in analysing the important topics and exam patterns.

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Related Study Materials for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry

S. No	Study Materials for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry
1.	CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry Solutions
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3.	CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry NCERT Book
4.	CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry MCQ
5.	CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry NCERT Exemplar
6.	CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry Formula

CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter-wise Important Questions

S.No.	CBSE Important Questions for Class 10 Maths
1	Chapter 1 - Real Numbers Questions
2	Chapter 2 - Polynomials Questions
3	Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Questions
4	Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations Questions
5	Chapter 5 - Arithmetic Progressions Questions
6	Chapter 6 - Triangles Questions
7	Chapter 7 - Coordinate Geometry Questions
8	Chapter 9 - Some Applications of Trigonometry Questions
9	Chapter 10 - Circles Questions
10	Chapter 11 - Areas Related to Circles Questions
11	Chapter 12 - Surface Areas and Volumes Questions
12	Chapter 13 - Statistics Questions
13	Chapter 14 - Probability Questions

Additional Study Materials for Class 10 Maths

S.No	Study Materials for Class 10 Maths
1.	CBSE Class 10 Maths Revision Notes
2.	CBSE Sample Paper Class 10 Maths
3.	Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10 Maths
4.	NCERT Exemplar for Class 10 Maths
5.	NCERT Books for Class 10 Maths
6.	NCERT Solution for Class 10 Maths
7.	RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions for Maths
8.	RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 10 Maths
9.	CBSE Class 10 Maths Formulas

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In Trigonometry Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, there are four exercises. All exercises are based on different concepts related to trigonometry. Students need to solve all questions given in four exercises in the NCERT book to understand the concepts of trigonometry and for scoring high marks in Class 10 maths board exams. Students can practice solving trigonometry from the NCERT Solutions available on Vedantu in the offline and online mode. They can download the NCERT solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 on computers to work offline.

5. What are the different topics studied in Chapter 8 Trigonometry of Class 10 Maths?

The different topics studied in Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 include an introduction to trigonometry, information about trigonometric ratios, trigonometric ratios of specific angles, trigonometric ratios of complementary angles, and trigonometric identities. Students will learn all topics step by step in each exercise of the chapter. They can practice NCERT Solutions given on different topics of trigonometry on Vedantu. NCERT Solutions for trigonometry Class 10 are prepared by experts to help students understand the concepts and score high marks.

Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry

Class 10 Maths Important Questions Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry: Free PDF Download

Study Important Questions for Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 8 - Introduction to Trigonometry

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

Long Answer Questions (4 Marks)

Key Topics Covered in Chapter 8

Significance of Important Questions of Trigonometry Class 10

Did You Know?

Related Study Materials for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry

CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter-wise Important Questions

Additional Study Materials for Class 10 Maths

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FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry