NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry (Ex 8.2) Exercise 8.2

Exercise 8.2

1. Evaluate the following:

(i)  $\sin 60{}^\circ \cos 30{}^\circ +\sin 30{}^\circ \cos 60{}^\circ $ 

Ans: With the help of trigonometric ratio tables we can find the values of standard trigonometric angles. The trigonometric ratio table is as follows:

We have to evaluate $\sin 60{}^\circ \cos 30{}^\circ +\sin 30{}^\circ \cos 60{}^\circ $.

Substitute the values from the above table, we get

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\times \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\times \dfrac{1}{2}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}$ 

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{4}{4}$ 

$\therefore \sin 60{}^\circ \cos 30{}^\circ +\sin 30{}^\circ \cos 60{}^\circ =1$.

(ii)  $2{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ +{{\cos }^{2}}30{}^\circ -{{\sin }^{2}}60{}^\circ $

Ans: With the help of trigonometric ratio tables we can find the values of standard trigonometric angles. The trigonometric ratio table is as follows:

We have to evaluate $2{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ +{{\cos }^{2}}30{}^\circ -{{\sin }^{2}}60{}^\circ $.

Substitute the values from the above table, we get

$\Rightarrow 2{{\left( 1 \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right)}^{2}}-{{\left( \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right)}^{2}}$

$\Rightarrow 2+\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}$ 

$\Rightarrow 2$ 

$\therefore 2{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ +{{\cos }^{2}}30{}^\circ -{{\sin }^{2}}60{}^\circ =2$.

(iii)  $\dfrac{\cos 45{}^\circ }{\sec 30{}^\circ +\operatorname{cosec}30{}^\circ }$

Ans: With the help of trigonometric ratio tables we can find the values of standard trigonometric angles. The trigonometric ratio table is as follows:

We have to evaluate $\dfrac{\cos 45{}^\circ }{\sec 30{}^\circ +\operatorname{cosec}30{}^\circ }$.

Substitute the values from the above table, we get

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+2}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}}{\dfrac{2+2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}}$ 

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\times \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2+2\sqrt{3}}\]

Multiplying and dividing by \[\sqrt{3}-1\], we get

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\times \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2+2\sqrt{3}}\times \dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{3}-1}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left( \sqrt{3}-1 \right)}{\sqrt{2}\left( 2+2\sqrt{3} \right)\left( \sqrt{3}-1 \right)}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left( \sqrt{3}-1 \right)}{2\sqrt{2}\left( \sqrt{3}+1 \right)\left( \sqrt{3}-1 \right)}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{2}\left( {{\left( \sqrt{3} \right)}^{2}}-{{1}^{2}} \right)}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{2}\left( 3-1 \right)}\]

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{4\sqrt{2}}$ 

$\therefore \dfrac{\cos 45{}^\circ }{\sec 30{}^\circ +\operatorname{cosec}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{4\sqrt{2}}$

(iv)  $\dfrac{\sin 30{}^\circ +\tan 45{}^\circ -\operatorname{cosec}60{}^\circ }{\sec 30{}^\circ +\cos 60{}^\circ -\cot 45{}^\circ }$

Ans: With the help of trigonometric ratio tables we can find the values of standard trigonometric angles. The trigonometric ratio table is as follows:

We have to evaluate $\dfrac{\sin 30{}^\circ +\tan 45{}^\circ -\operatorname{cosec}60{}^\circ }{\sec 30{}^\circ +\cos 60{}^\circ -\cot 45{}^\circ }$.

Substitute the values from the above table, we get

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+1-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{3}{2}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}-4}{2\sqrt{3}}}{\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}+4}{2\sqrt{3}}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}-4}{3\sqrt{3}+4}$

Multiplying and dividing by \[3\sqrt{3}-4\], we get

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}-4}{3\sqrt{3}+4}\times \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}-4}{3\sqrt{3}-4}\]

Now, applying the identity $\left( a+b \right)\left( a-b \right)={{a}^{2}}-{{b}^{2}}$, we get

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{{{\left( 3\sqrt{3}-4 \right)}^{2}}}{{{\left( 3\sqrt{3} \right)}^{2}}-{{4}^{2}}}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{{{\left( 3\sqrt{3}-4 \right)}^{2}}}{{{\left( 3\sqrt{3} \right)}^{2}}-{{4}^{2}}}\]

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{27+16-24\sqrt{3}}{27-16}\]

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{43-24\sqrt{3}}{11}$ 

$\therefore \dfrac{\sin 30{}^\circ +\tan 45{}^\circ -\operatorname{cosec}60{}^\circ }{\sec 30{}^\circ +\cos 60{}^\circ -\cot 45{}^\circ }=\dfrac{43-24\sqrt{3}}{11}$

(v)  $\dfrac{5{{\cos }^{2}}60{}^\circ +4{{\sec }^{2}}30{}^\circ -{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{{{\sec }^{2}}30{}^\circ +{{\cos }^{2}}30{}^\circ }$

Ans: With the help of trigonometric ratio tables we can find the values of standard trigonometric angles. The trigonometric ratio table is as follows:

We have to evaluate $\dfrac{5{{\cos }^{2}}60{}^\circ +4{{\sec }^{2}}30{}^\circ -{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{{{\sec }^{2}}30{}^\circ +{{\cos }^{2}}30{}^\circ }$.

Substitute the values from the above table, we get

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{5{{\left( \dfrac{1}{2} \right)}^{2}}+4{{\left( \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}} \right)}^{2}}-{{1}^{2}}}{{{\left( \dfrac{1}{2} \right)}^{2}}+{{\left( \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \right)}^{2}}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{5\left( \dfrac{1}{4} \right)+4\left( \dfrac{4}{3} \right)-1}{\left( \dfrac{1}{4} \right)+\left( \dfrac{3}{4} \right)}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{15+64-12}{12}}{\dfrac{1+3}{4}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{15+64-12}{12}}{\dfrac{1+3}{4}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{15+64-12}{12}}{\dfrac{4}{4}}$ 

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{\dfrac{67}{12}}{1}$ 

$\therefore \dfrac{5{{\cos }^{2}}60{}^\circ +4{{\sec }^{2}}30{}^\circ -{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{{{\sec }^{2}}30{}^\circ +{{\cos }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{67}{12}$.

2. Choose the correct option and justify your choice.

(i)  $\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=$ ………

1. $\sin 60{}^\circ $ 

2. $\cos 60{}^\circ $ 

3. $\tan 60{}^\circ $ 

4. $\sin 30{}^\circ $ 

Ans: The given expression is $\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }$.

We know that from the trigonometric ratio table we have $\tan 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.

Substitute the value in the given expression we get

$\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{2\left( \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \right)}{1+{{\left( \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \right)}^{2}}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{1+\dfrac{1}{3}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{\dfrac{4}{3}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

From the trigonometric table we know that 

$\sin 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ 

$\cos 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}$ 

$\tan 60{}^\circ =\sqrt{3}$ 

$\sin 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}$

Hence, $\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\sin 60{}^\circ $.

Therefore, option (A) is the correct answer.

(ii)  $\dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }=$ ………

1. $\tan 90{}^\circ $ 

2. $1$ 

3. $\sin 45{}^\circ $ 

4. $0$

Ans: The given expression is $\dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }$.

We know that from the trigonometric ratio table we have $\tan 45{}^\circ =1$.

Substitute the value in the given expression we get

$\dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }=\dfrac{1-{{1}^{2}}}{1+{{1}^{2}}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }=\dfrac{1-1}{1+1}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }=\dfrac{0}{2}$

$\therefore \dfrac{1-{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }{1+{{\tan }^{2}}45{}^\circ }=0$

Therefore, option (D) is the correct answer.

(iii)  $\sin 2A=2\sin A$ is true when $A=$ ……..

1. $0{}^\circ $ 

2. $30{}^\circ $ 

3. $45{}^\circ $ 

4. $60{}^\circ $ 

Ans: The given expression is $\sin 2A=2\sin A$.

We know that from the trigonometric ratio table we have 

$\sin 0{}^\circ =0$

$\sin 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}$

$\sin 45{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$

$\sin 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$  

$\sin 90{}^\circ =1$ 

The given statement is true when $A=0{}^\circ $.

Substitute the value in the given expression we get

$\Rightarrow \sin 2A=2\sin A$

$\Rightarrow \sin 2\times 0{}^\circ =2\sin 0{}^\circ $

$0=0$ 

Therefore, option (A) is the correct answer.

(iv)  $\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1-{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=$………

1. $\sin 60{}^\circ $ 

2. $\cos 60{}^\circ $ 

3. $\tan 60{}^\circ $ 

4. $\sin 30{}^\circ $ 

Ans: The given expression is $\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1-{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }$.

We know that from the trigonometric ratio table we have $\tan 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.

Substitute the value in the given expression we get

$\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1-{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{2\left( \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \right)}{1-{{\left( \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \right)}^{2}}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1-{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{1-\dfrac{1}{3}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1-{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}{\dfrac{2}{3}}$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1-{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\sqrt{3}$

From the trigonometric table we know that 

$\sin 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$ 

$\cos 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}$ 

$\tan 60{}^\circ =\sqrt{3}$ 

$\sin 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}$

Hence, $\dfrac{2\tan 30{}^\circ }{1-{{\tan }^{2}}30{}^\circ }=\tan 60{}^\circ $.

Therefore, option (C) is the correct answer.

3. If $\tan \left( A+B \right)=\sqrt{3}$ and $\tan \left( A-B \right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$, $0{}^\circ <A+B\le 90{}^\circ $. Find $A$ and $B$.

Ans: Given that $\tan \left( A+B \right)=\sqrt{3}$ and $\tan \left( A-B \right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.

From the trigonometric ratio table we know that $\tan 60{}^\circ =\sqrt{3}$ and $\tan 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$.

Then we get

$\tan \left( A+B \right)=\sqrt{3}$

$\Rightarrow \tan \left( A+B \right)=\tan 60{}^\circ $

$\Rightarrow A+B=60{}^\circ $ ……….(1)

Also, $\tan \left( A-B \right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

$\Rightarrow \tan \left( A-B \right)=\tan 30{}^\circ $

$\Rightarrow A-B=30{}^\circ $ ……….(2)

Adding eq. (1) and (2), we get

$2A=90{}^\circ $

$\therefore A=45{}^\circ $ 

Substitute the obtained value in eq. (1), we get

$45{}^\circ +B=60{}^\circ $ 

$\Rightarrow B=60{}^\circ -45{}^\circ $ 

$\therefore B=15{}^\circ $ 

Therefore, the values of $A$ and $B$ is $45{}^\circ $ and $15{}^\circ $ respectively.

4. State whether the following are true or false. Justify your answer.

(i)  $\sin \left( A+B \right)=\sin A+\sin B$.

Ans: Let us assume $A=30{}^\circ $ and $B=60{}^\circ $.

Now, let us consider LHS of the given expression, we get

$\sin \left( A+B \right)$

Substitute the assumed values in the LHS, we get

$\sin \left( A+B \right)=\sin \left( 30{}^\circ +60{}^\circ  \right)$

$\Rightarrow \sin \left( A+B \right)=\sin \left( 90{}^\circ  \right)$ 

From the trigonometric ratio table we know that $\sin 90{}^\circ =1$, we get

$\Rightarrow \sin \left( A+B \right)=1$

Now, let us consider the RHS of the given expression and substitute the values, we get

$\sin A+\sin B=\sin 30{}^\circ +\sin 60{}^\circ $

From the trigonometric ratio table we know that $\sin 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}$ and $\sin 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$, we get

$\Rightarrow \sin A+\sin B=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

$\Rightarrow \sin A+\sin B=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Thus, $LHS\ne RHS$.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

(ii)  The value of $\sin \theta $ increases as $\theta $ increases. 

Ans: The value of sine from the trigonometric ratio table is as follows:

$\sin 0{}^\circ =0$

$\sin 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}=0.5$

$\sin 45{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=0.707$

$\sin 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=0.866$  

$\sin 90{}^\circ =1$ 

Therefore, we can conclude that the value of $\sin \theta $ increases as $\theta $ increases. 

Therefore, the given statement is true.

(iii)  The value of $\cos \theta $ increases as $\theta $ increases. 

Ans: The value of cosine from the trigonometric ratio table is as follows:

$\cos 0{}^\circ =1$

$\cos 30{}^\circ =\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=0.866$

$\cos 45{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=0.707$

$\cos 60{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{2}=0.5$  

$\cos 90{}^\circ =0$ 

Therefore, we can conclude that the value of $\cos \theta $ decreases as $\theta $ increases. 

Therefore, the given statement is false.

(iv)  \[\sin \theta =\cos \theta \] for all values of \[\theta \].

Ans: The trigonometric ratio table is given as follows:

From the above table we can conclude that \[\sin \theta =\cos \theta \] is true only for $\theta =45{}^\circ $.

\[\sin \theta =\cos \theta \] is not true for all values of $\theta $.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

(v)  $\cot A$ is not defined for $A=0{}^\circ $.

Ans: We know that $\cot A=\dfrac{\cos A}{\sin A}$ .

If $A=0{}^\circ $, then $\cot 0{}^\circ =\dfrac{\cos 0{}^\circ }{\sin 0{}^\circ }$

From trigonometric ratio table we get

$\sin 0{}^\circ =0$ and $\cos 0{}^\circ =1$

We get

$\cot 0{}^\circ =\dfrac{1}{0}$, which is undefined.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry Exercise 8.2

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