NCERT Class 12th Chemistry Book PDF

Chemistry is a subject that may be readily mastered if approached with the appropriate plan and technique. For example, for the CBSE Class 12th board exam, you can choose significant chapters and themes from Chemistry. If you want to improve your score on the upcoming board test of chemistry paper, it should be based on a data-driven strategy.

Chapter Wise Weightage for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry:

The distribution of marks by section can be found everywhere. There are no specific marks assigned to specific chapters, but I can give you an indication by analysing questions from the last ten years. As a result, we have developed the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter Wise Mark Distribution and Weightage for students below, based on our research and analysis of numerous sources. Final examinations are worth 70 points, plus 30 points for practicals, for a total of 100 points.

NCERT Chemistry Class 12 Textbook PDF 

The new and thoroughly revised syllabus in the NCERT Chemistry Class 12 textbooks is widely recognized. These books follow the latest exam patterns and the CBSE curriculum. They stay current by incorporating the most recent exam papers each year. Topics like organic chemistry, acids, and bases are covered in any Chemistry Class 12 NCERT PDF, and questions mostly revolve around these chapters. Our Class 12th Chemistry textbook PDF download gathers crucial topics and questions from various relevant sources. Students who study this material can gain an advantage over their peers in both board examinations and other entrance exams.

Chapter 1: Solid State

Solid State is one of the essential chapters in Chemistry Class 12 NCERT PDF. Solid State Chemistry generally deals with the properties and internal structures of molecules and compounds. Compounds can be divided into many groups based on the concepts of solid-state.

Solid-state chemistry also fuses key concepts with solid-state physics, metallurgy, crystallography and electronics due to their wide area of impact.

In Class 12th chemistry book PDF, concepts like crystalline solids, unit cell dimension and lattice structures have been discussed in detail and emphasized on.

Chapter 2: Solutions

Another important Class 12 chemistry chapter is solutions. A solution is defined as a homogenous blend which is made by mixing two or more solutes and solvents. The element dissolved is called solute while the medium in which it is dissolved is called the solvent. One of the most universally used solvents is water.

Major topics covered in this chapter include solutions and their types, concentration and solubility of various solids and gases in liquids. As part of the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry  textbook PDF Download and should be studied carefully.

Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

A favourite topic for most examiners and a crucial chapter in the NCERT Class 12 chemistry PDF, electrochemistry is the conjoined study of electronics and chemistry. It determines if an electric current has been produced due to a chemical reaction and vice versa. Such an electric current is produced when electrons travel to and from between the electrode and the electrolyte.

Our Class 12 Chemistry NCERT PDF lays specific importance on this topic and should be your one-stop solution when you are revising electrochemistry.

Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics

Chemical kinetics is the branch of chemistry in which the rates of different chemical reactions are studied. It elaborates on how different experimental conditions such as temperature, reaction medium or usage of catalysts can affect the speed with which reactions usually take place.

While a reaction is taking place, the intermediate states, before the final product which is created, are also studied.

Many mathematical calculations regarding rate calculation are also highlighted in the NCERT book of Class 12 chemistry PDF, which should be practised rigorously by students.

Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry

Surface chemistry, along with surface physics, deals with the chemical and physical changes on the surfaces which results in when two different states of matter come in contact. Solid-liquid interfaces, solid-vacuum interfaces and liquid-gas interfaces are some of the most common areas where research takes place. Applications of surface chemistry are studied as surface engineering.

This is an important chapter in the NCERT Class 12th Chemistry Book PDF, students should have a brief idea of the adsorption of liquids and gases, which is a common theme in surface chemistry.

Chapter 6: Isolation of Elements

Our planet’s surface and core contain thousands of elements freely or in the form of ores, which have been discovered by humans since time immemorial. Many elements like gold, silver, carbon and Sulphur are present in the form of ores along with a plethora of other elements, which are then isolated with the help of chemical reactions.

These forms of element isolation have to be feasible enough to be performed under laboratory conditions. These processes of separation are detailed in the NCERT Class 12 chemistry textbook PDF Download and should be studied well.

Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements

Different blocks of the periodic table are named differently by scientists based on their electronic configuration. Following those rules, the elements present in groups 13 to 18 are called p-block elements and have a general configuration ns2np1-6. All such element groups are vital for NCERT chemistry book 12th.

P-Block elements contain all three types of elements – metals, nonmetals and metalloids and are the only group to have so. The NCERT Chemistry Class 12 PDF lists the properties of all the elements of p-block of the periodic table.

Chapter 8: d and f-Block Elements

Similar to p-block elements, d and f-block elements are found in nature and included in the periodic table.

D-block ranges from groups 3 to 12 and starts with the 4th period. They are transition elements, between the highly electropositive elements in groups 1 and 2 and the weakly electropositive elements of groups 13 to 16.

The f-block elements usually appear as a footnote in the standard 18-column periodic table and contain metals of periods 6 and 7. All of these topics are elaborated in NCERT Class 12th chemistry PDF.

Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds

A vital topic in the NCERT Chemistry Class 12 PDF, coordination compounds are those compounds which have a metal ion in their centre (called coordination centre) with ions of other elements joined with the centre ion, called ligands. The bonds between the metallic ion and its ligands are coordinated covalent bonds and are an area of prolonged study.

These complexes can be charged on the whole and also exhibit various unknown and unseen properties which are provided in details in Class 12th chemistry textbook PDF download.

Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Two types of hydrocarbons – aliphatic and aromatic – when forming bonds with halogen compounds, are called haloalkanes and haloarenes respectively. These halogen ions, due to their strong electronegativity, replace the hydrogen atoms in organic molecules and form such compounds.

The Class 12 Chemistry NCERT PDF also mentions how the halogen atoms attach to the sp3 hybridised carbon in alkyl groups, while for aryl groups, they do so with the sp2 hybridized carbon. Such compounds are of particular importance and used in various ways in our day to day lives.

Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

One of the key topics in organic chemistry, alcohols and phenols are formed when an -OH group, respectively replace hydrogen atoms in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Alcohols and phenols find extensive usage in our daily lives and are a major constituent inside the food we eat.

The NCERT Chemistry Class 12 PDF mentions all their usages and other reactions involving them.

Ethers are compounds where the hydrogen atoms are replaced by an alkoxy (R-O) or aryloxy (Ar-O) group. Ethers are used in making fragrances.

Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

The carbonyl group (>C=O) is one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. When carbon and hydrogen are attached to the carbonyl group, they are called aldehydes. If two carbon atoms bond with the group, they are known as ketones. And if the group bonds with an -OH group, it is called carboxylic acid.

NCERT chemistry Class 12 PDF part 1 contains all the equations which such compounds take part in along with all of their properties.

Chapter 13: Amines

Like other organic compounds discussed before, amines are those compounds in which the hydrogen atoms in the ammonia (NH3) molecule are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. Proteins and amino acids, which help in the intricate functioning of our muscles and other body parts, are all derivatives of amines.

Amines contain a nitrogen atom and another lone pair of electrons. The functional group -NH2 is called the amino group. Reactions involving amines and amides form a significant part in NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Textbook PDF download.

Chapter 14: Biomolecules

Even though biology and chemistry are different academic subjects, human bodies are the fusion of both of them. We have thousands of different atoms and molecules inside our body, without which we cannot function. The study of how chemicals shape and help in the efficient working of human bodies is called biochemistry.

In NCERT chemistry Class 12 part 2, biomolecules are a fascinating area of study. The most essential biomolecules inside our bodies are carbohydrates, proteins, fats and hormones.

Chapter 15: Polymers

Polymers make up almost every tangible product which we use in our day to day lives. The most important polymer, plastic, is one of the most widely used products nowadays. The NCERT Chemistry Class 12 PDF mentions how polymers are formed and how they are used universally.

If we look inside polymer molecules, we will notice repeating units called monomers, which are bound together with the help of covalent bonds. Due to this repeating structure, polymers are macromolecules, with huge molecular mass. These are also mentioned in the NCERT CLass 12th chemistry book PDF.

Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

Combining all the above chapters, in the end, students should not only see these as formulas, and reactions which they have to perform in laboratories and write on exam papers, but have a holistic idea of how each of the chapters plays a significant role in forming the world what we see today, everything inside and around us.

This chapter serves as a conclusion to the whole syllabus in NCERT Class 12th chemistry book PDF. Life-saving drugs and medicines, cleansing agents, active medicinal drugs, detergents we use and artificial food quality enhancers are some important topics discussed in this chapter.

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Importance of NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Textbook PDF Download

These are provided to assist students in passing the CBSE Class 12th Board Exam with less effort and time.

• Even for below-average students will find chapters like Biomolecules, Polymers, and Chemistry in everyday life tend to be simple. It also carries a ten-point weighting, so it should not be overlooked.

• You should not skip solution and Chemical Kinetics in physical chemistry because it is vital and worth 5 points. 

• Coordination Chemistry (Naming) and Surface Chemistry (D/B) are essential chapters in inorganic chemistry, both worth ten points. P-block (Structure, Hybridization) and D-block (KMnO4, K2Cr2o7) are two other important chapters for the CBSE Class 12th Board Exam, each worth 13 points.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are key chapters in organic chemistry. Important topics are also discussed. The following are examples of important name reactions: - Alcohols of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Phenols and Ether Aldehydes, Ketones and Carbonylic Amines.

Important Chapters with Marks from CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Book PDF

Some essential chapters and themes are listed below, along with the marks they carry, and they are analysed using a variety of tests and patterns.

Physical Chemistry:

• 5 Marks + 1 Mark from Solutions: Henry Law, Raoult's Law, and Concentration Terms Colligative properties with ideal and non-ideal solutions (Numericals)

• 5 Marks + 1 Mark for Electrochemistry: Questions based on the Nernst Equation, Electrolytic Cell, Conductance Measurement, Electrochemical Series, and a Brief Note on Batteries and Fuel Cells.

• 5 Marks + 1 Mark for Chemical Kinetics: This chapter (0 & 1st Order), Arrhenius Equation, also frames questions relating to rate law and order of reaction, as well as their half-life estimates. This chapter also covers the framing of graphical problems.

• 4 Points Plus 1 Point for Surface Chemistry: D/B: Lyophilic & Lyophobic, Physical Ad & Chemical Ad, Enzymes & Catalyst, Adsorption & Absorption are examples of surface chemistry questions. Theory of Preferential Charge Ads.

Inorganic Chemistry:

• Isolation of Elements: General Principles & Process: 3 marks

• P-block: 8 marks (important topic – Characteristics Trends): Groups 17 and 18 are particularly important, as are some processes such as contact and deacons processes, interhalogen compounds, compound structure identification, and NCERT exercise problems.

• 5 Marks for D and F-block: D/B Lanthanides Actinides, Physical Characteristics, Oxidizing Action of KMnO4 & K2Cr2O7 & Their Properties.

• 3 Marks for Coordination Compound: Spectrochemical series, crystal field splitting, nomenclature, Isomerism & VBT**

• Practice questions about refining methods, leaching, blast furnaces, Hall Heroult Process, Froth Flotation, or the Ellingham Diagram in metallurgy.

Organic Chemistry:

• From the back exercise, one 5-mark question is always asked from the NCERT book.

• 2 Marks Nomenclature, Distinguished 2 marks on the test, 3 Marks Mechanism, 3 Marks for Reaction to a Name, 4 marks for conversions.

• 4 marks for haloalkanes and haloarenes (SN1 AND SN2)

• Alcohol, Phenols, and Ether: 4 Marks (hydration and dehydration mechanisms) phenol acidity, 6 Marks for Aldehyde, Ketones, and Carbonylic Acid (Name Reactions Important)

• Amines: D/B AMINES, 4 MARKS (basicity order), 4 Marks in Biomolecules (Sucrose Structure, D/B Amylose and Amylopectin, Aminoacids & Proteins)

• 3 marks for polymers (Type of Polymers & Eg. Of diff. Polymers), 3 Points for Chemistry in Everyday Life (Uses of Various medicines, saponification and some differences).

Other Free CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Study Material

Other Free CBSE Study Material for Class 12

Conclusion

The NCERT Class 12th Chemistry Book PDF by Vedantu serves as an excellent resource for students. It simplifies complex chemical concepts, making them accessible. Vedantu's approach ensures clarity, aiding in comprehensive learning. The book aligns with the CBSE curriculum, covering topics systematically. With a user-friendly PDF format, it facilitates convenient access anytime. Vedantu's additional insights and explanations enhance understanding, supporting students in mastering the subject. Hence this resource proves invaluable for Class 12 Chemistry, blending NCERT guidelines with Vedantu's teaching expertise, fostering a holistic learning experience for students.