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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25: Updated Curriculum

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Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25 - FREE PDF Download

The CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus 2024-25 prescribed by NCERT for the academic year 2024-25 has been prepared by Vedantu, ensuring alignment with the latest guidelines. This syllabus offers students a comprehensive understanding of various physics concepts and topics, emphasising the significance of a systematic approach to studying physics effectively.

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Table of Content
1. Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25 - FREE PDF Download
2. Features of the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25
3. Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25 Course Structure
4. Quick Overview of Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25
5. CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 - Deleted Topics
6. CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Evaluation Scheme 2024-25
7. CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics Practical 2024-25
8. CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 - Question Paper Design
9. Benefits of Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 PDF Download
10. Tips to Prepare for Physics Class 12 Exams
11. Prescribed Books for Physics Class 12: 
12. Related Topic Pages for Class 12 Physics
13. CBSE Class 12 Physics Study Materials
FAQs


To access the detailed Physics syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25 in PDF format, you can download the PDF version from Vedantu. The CBSE Class 12 syllabus offers valuable insights into the examination pattern, question paper design, and internal assessment structure, for better exam preparation.


Features of the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25

Salient features of the syllabus Include: 

  • Emphasis on basic conceptual understanding of the content.

  • Emphasis on the use of SI units, symbols, the nomenclature of physical quantities, and formulations as per international standards.

  • Providing logical sequencing of units of the subject matter and proper placement of concepts with their linkage for better learning.

  • Reducing the curriculum load by eliminating overlapping concepts/content within the discipline and other disciplines.

  • Promotion of process skills, problem-solving abilities, and applications of Physics concepts.

Competitive Exams after 12th Science
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Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25 Course Structure

The table below shows the course structure and marks distribution in the updated CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25.


Unit

No. of Periods

Marks

Chapters

I: Electrostatics

26

16

1. Electric Charges and Fields 

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

II: Current Electricity

18


3. Current Electricity

III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

25

17

4. Moving Charges and Magnetism 

5. Magnetism and Matter

IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

24


6. Electromagnetic Induction

7. Alternating Current

V: Electromagnetic Waves

4

18

8. Electromagnetic Waves

VI: Optics

30


9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

10. Wave Optics

VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

8

12

11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

15


12. Atoms 

13. Nuclei

IX: Electronic Devices

10

7

14. Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Total

160

70




Quick Overview of Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25

The Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25 provides interesting chapters and topics. It starts with the basics of Physics and later into complex concepts. Check out the description below for your learning in each unit.


Unit I- Electrostatics                                                                                  26 Periods

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle, and continuous charge distribution.


Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.


Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).


Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole, and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, the electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges, and electric dipole in an electrostatic field.


Conductors and insulators, free charges, and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors, and capacitance, a combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).


Unit II- Current Electricity                                                                                  18 Periods

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, the flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity, and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.


Unit III- Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism                                  25 Periods

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of the magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.


Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop.


Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, the force between two parallel current-carrying definitions of an ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.


Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.


Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties.


Unit IV- Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents                   24 Periods

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction.


Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator, Transformer.

Unit V- Electromagnetic Waves                                                                        18 Periods

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

The basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, and their transverse nature (qualitative idea only).


Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.


Unit VI- Optics                                                                                                      30 Periods

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.


Optical Instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.


Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave Optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection, and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).


Unit VII- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter                                             08 Periods

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.


Unit VIII- Atoms and Nuclei                                                                               15 Periods

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, Expression for the radius of the nth possible orbit, velocity, and energy of an electron in his orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).


Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.


Unit IX- Electronic Devices                                                                                10 Periods

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n-type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.


CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 - Deleted Topics

The Class 12 Physics Deleted Syllabus 2024-25 is available here. There are a few topics and examples that are no longer part of the curriculum. The table below shows the removed sections, so you and your teachers can focus on the most relevant material for your exams.


Chapter

Deleted Topics

Deleted Exercises

Electric Charge and Fields

Electric Charge (activity & electroscope), Conductors, and Insulators (earthing concept)

1.13, 1.25 - 1.34

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Energy Stored in a Capacitor (derivation)

2.12 - 2.36

Current Electricity

Resistivity of Materials, Carbon Resistors (colour code), Resistor Combinations (series/parallel), Meter Bridge, Potentiometer

3.3, 3.4, 3.10, 3.12, 3.14 - 3.23

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Velocity Selector, Cyclotron, The Toroid, Magnetic Dipole Moment

4.14 - 4.28

Magnetism and Matter

Bar Magnet as Solenoid (maths treatment), Dipole in Magnetic Field (maths treatment), Earth's Magnetism (details), Electromagnetic Induction (Energy Consideration)

5.1, 5.2, 5.9 - 5.11, 5.13 - 5.25, 6.6, 6.10 - 6.17

Alternating Current

Magnetization/Demagnetization of Inductor, Charging/Discharging of Capacitor, Analytical Solution (LCR circuit), Resonance (sharpness)

7.6, 7.8, 7.10, 7.12 - 7.26

Electromagnetic Waves

Nature of Electromagnetic Waves (ether concept)

8.11 - 8.15

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Refraction (advanced sunrise/sunset), Mirage, Diamond, Natural Phenomena (Sunlight), Rainbow, Scattering of Light

9.18

Wave Optics

Doppler Effect, Interference (derivation & fringe width), Diffraction (qualitative only), Resolving Power, Validity of Ray Optics, Polarisation (scattering & reflection)

10.7 - 10.21

Atoms

Spectral Series, Bohr Model (derivation), Line Spectra (qualitative only)

12.3, 12.11 - 12.17

Nuclei

Law of Radioactive Decay details

13.1, 13.2

Nuclei

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay details

13.6 - 13.10

Nuclei

Nuclear Reactor details

13.18, 13.22 - 13.31

Semiconductor Electronics

Special Purpose p-n Junction Diodes, Electronics & Logic Gates

14.7 - 14.15



CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Evaluation Scheme 2024-25

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25

Two experiments one from each section

7+7 Marks

Practical record

experiments and activities

𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

5 Marks

One activity from any section

3 Marks

Investigatory Project

3 Marks

Viva on experiments, activities, and project

5 Marks

Total

30 Marks



CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics Practical 2024-25

List of Experiments for Class 12 Physics Practical: Section A

  • To determine the resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.

  • To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a metre bridge.

  • To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge


OR


To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre brid

  • To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

  • To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of the desired range and to verify the same.


OR


To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of the desired range and to verify the same.

  • To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.


Activities 

  1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core.

  2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), and current (AC) and check the continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.

  3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse, and a power source.

  4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

  5. To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for a steady current.

  6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter, and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.


List of Experiments for Class 12 Physics Practical: Section B

  • To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.

  • To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.

  • To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.

  • To find the focal length of a concave lens, use a convex lens.

  • To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.

  • To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.

  • To find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and plane mirror.

  • To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror.

  • To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.


Activities Assigned

  • To distinguish a diode, an LED, a resistor, and a capacitor from a group of such components.

  • Use a multimeter to observe the unidirectional flow of current in the case of a diode and an LED, and to determine if a certain electrical component (e.g., diode) is operational.

  • To investigate the effect of light intensity (as measured by increasing the distance from the source) on an LDR.

  • To investigate the refraction and lateral deviation of a light beam incident obliquely on a glass slab.

  • To examine light diffraction caused by a narrow slit.

  • To study the type and size of the image created by a (i) convex lens and (ii) concave mirror on a screen using a candle and a screen (at various distances from the lens/mirror).

  • Using two lenses from the supplied collection of lenses, create a lens combination with the required focal length.


CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 - Question Paper Design

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the question paper design for the upcoming 2024-25 academic year Physics exam for Class 12. This breakdown outlines the format and types of questions you can expect for the test.


S No.

Typology of Questions

Total Marks

Approximate Percentage

1

Remembering & Understanding

Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. 

Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organising, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas 

27

38%

2

Applying

Solve problems in new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques, and rules in a different way. 

22

32%

3

Analysing & Evaluating

Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalisations.

Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria. 

Creating: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions

21

30%

Total

Theory

70

100%


Practical

30


Gross Total


100




Benefits of Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 PDF Download

Download Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 PDF. Here are some reasons why downloading your syllabus is a must-do:


  1. The Syllabus outlines the topics you'll cover, the source of learning, and important deadlines. 

  2. The syllabus often lists learning objectives and assessment formats. Use this information to start researching key concepts, browsing recommended resources, or even forming study groups with classmates. 

  3. A syllabus often contains information beyond the textbook that can enhance your understanding and offer different perspectives on the material.

  4. The syllabus outlines the types of assessments you'll face and their weighting. With this knowledge, you can prepare your study strategies for each specific format.

  5. A downloaded syllabus is always at your fingertips. Need to double-check a due date, revisit a specific topic, or stay updated on any changes announced by your teacher.

  6. Having the syllabus readily available keeps you organised and ensures you're meeting all course expectations.


Tips to Prepare for Physics Class 12 Exams

  • Learn the Basics with your NCERT Book: This is your main study guide, make sure you understand everything in it.

  • Formulas: Learn the important formulas like multiplication tables, and try to understand what they mean too.

  • Derivations: Practise working out how formulas are made.

  • Diagrams: Diagrams and graphs are important, practice drawing them neatly and understand what they show.

  • Practise Old Question Papers: Try answering questions from old exams within the time limit (usually 3 hours). This gets you exam-ready.

  • Notes: Take notes, and ask questions in class, and with classmates about Physics. Learning together is more fun.

  • Online Resources: There are various videos and websites about Physics, check them out to learn in new ways.


Prescribed Books for Physics Class 12: 

  1. Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.

  2. Laboratory Manual of Physics for class XII Published by NCERT.

  3. The list of other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also).


Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 is a key resource to success in the exams. You can easily make a plan and start preparing the chapters accordingly. Class 12 is very crucial and has many subjects to cover. Hence, you need to concentrate on each subject properly. The syllabus will help you do the same. The physics syllabus class 12 CBSE 2024-25, developed by Vedantu in alignment with the NCERT guidelines, provides students with a comprehensive and structured approach to studying physics. The physics class 12 syllabus covers a wide range of topics and concepts, emphasising both theoretical understanding and practical applications.


Related Topic Pages for Class 12 Physics



CBSE Class 12 Physics Study Materials

FAQs on CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25: Updated Curriculum

1. How will the Class 12 Board Physics Syllabus Help You?

The prime reason for downloading the Physics syllabus is to make your preparation easier and well-planned. Check all the chapters and their respective marks weightage. It will help you analyze the chapters and proceed accordingly. It will help you complete the syllabus niftily.

2. Why Should You Download the Class 12 Physics Syllabus NCERT From Vedantu?

Vedantu is one of the most reliable online study portals for the Class 12 syllabus. The in-house team of experts has done a thorough research and prepared the Class 12th Physics syllabus as per the latest guidelines from the board. Also, you can download the syllabus for Class 12 Physics in PDF format for free from Vedantu.

3. How will the Physics Syllabus Class 12 CBSE Help You?

The importance of the Physics syllabus is to make your preparation easier and well-scheduled. Checking all the chapters and their respective marks weightage also helps to chalk out how to plan your assignments and topics according to their importance. It will help you analyze the chapters and proceed accordingly. Downloading the syllabus from beforehand will help you complete the syllabus niftily within a stipulated time. It not only gives an idea about the goal and objective of the course but also helps to develop your own clear concepts thereby.

4. Why should students download the CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2024-25 Board Exam from Vedantu?

Vedantu provides you the platform where you can get the Syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Physics 2024-25. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced a subject-by-subject new CBSE Syllabus for the CBSE Academic Session 2024-2025. Experts of Vedantu regularly update their CBSE syllabus according to the one given by the board so that a student can completely rely on them and download a free PDF of the syllabus from beforehand and plan a course calendar accordingly. Physics is a conceptual subject so preparation for Physics needs to be started much early. Vedantu experts understand this and provide the latest syllabus of Class 12 Physics in their website so that students don’t get delayed in starting their preparation and developing concepts. The clarity in Physics concepts can make a student confident in this subject and score not only good marks in Board exams but also compete successfully in competitive exams like IIT JEE, NEET.

5. What are the topics that bear maximum weightage in the CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2024-25 Board Exam?

Physics is such a subject that students need to have thorough knowledge about the subject to get a deep concept about the subject. Vedantu suggests not to skip any topic for getting a good rank in competitive exams. However, for a more concise approach, the most important chapters in the Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25 have been prepared by Vedantu after thorough research done on the previous year’s papers. Students should prepare for the exam according to NCERT marking scheme and chapter-wise weightage.

6. How to score high marks in CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2024-25 Board Exam?

Physics is often a bit scary to students, especially students who are weak in science. Vedantu gives those students some tips to conquer their fear of Physics and score good marks in Physics exams.

  • Always be confident with the formulas and basic concepts of physics.

  • Gather a thorough idea of the entire syllabus.

  • Select the important topics which bear maximum weightage in the exam

  • Prepare a revision book with the key points and formulas for a quick thorough revision regularly.

  • Never try to mug up derivations but try to understand the concept and reasoning behind the derivation.

7. What are the major changes in the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus for 2024-25?

The syllabus focuses on a strong foundation in core concepts while reducing the emphasis on rote memorization. There's a continued focus on real-world applications of physics principles. Here's a summary of the key changes:

  • Deleted Topics: Several topics have been removed to streamline the syllabus and allow for deeper exploration of remaining concepts. (Refer to the table in the previous answer for details)

  • Emphasis on Applications: The syllabus emphasises the application of physics principles to solve real-world problems.

8. What are the key areas covered in the Physics 2024-25 syllabus?

The syllabus covers eight core units:

  • Electrostatics (Electric Charges and Fields, Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance)

  • Current Electricity (Current Electricity)

  • Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism (Moving Charges and Magnetism, Magnetism and Matter)

  • Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents (Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current)

  • Electromagnetic Waves (Electromagnetic Waves)

  • Optics (Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Wave Optics)

  • Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter)

  • Atoms and Nuclei (Atoms, Nuclei)

  • Electronic Devices (Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits)

9. How will the Physics 2024-25 Class 12 exams be structured?

The exams will assess students' understanding and problem-solving skills across all the covered areas. Expect a combination of:

  • Objective questions: Testing knowledge of formulas, concepts, and basic calculations.

  • Short answer questions: Assessing understanding and application of concepts to solve problems.

  • Long answer questions: Evaluating in-depth knowledge and the ability to solve complex problems with multiple steps.

10. What resources can help me prepare for the Class 12 2024-25 Physics exam?

Here are some resources you can utilise:

  • NCERT Class 12 Physics textbook (latest edition)

  • CBSE sample papers and marking schemes for previous years

  • Online tutorials and practice problems related to each topic

  • Reference books aligned with the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus

  • Educational websites and online resources

11. How is the internal assessment for Class 12 Physics conducted?

Internal assessment comprises 20 marks and is divided into two parts:

  • Periodic Tests (10 Marks): The best two scores from a series of three class tests are considered.

  • Practical Work (10 Marks): Students perform experiments throughout the year based on a prescribed list. There's also a viva voce to assess their understanding of the practical work.

12. How can I improve my problem-solving skills in Physics Class 12?

Here are some tips to improve your problem-solving skills:

  • Master the Fundamentals: Ensure a strong understanding of core concepts and formulas before attempting problems.

  • Practice Regularly: Solve problems from various sources like textbooks, reference books, and online resources.

  • Analyse Different Approaches: Explore multiple methods to solve a problem and identify the most efficient one.

  • Focus on Applications: Relate physics concepts to real-world situations to deepen your understanding.

  • Review Mistakes: Learn from your errors and identify areas for improvement.

13. What are the career options available to students with a strong foundation in Physics Class 12?

A strong foundation in Physics opens doors to various exciting careers, including:

  • Engineering (various specialisations)

  • Physics research

  • Astrophysics

  • Medical Physics

  • Geophysics

  • Data Science

  • Teaching