Class 12 Physics NCERT Textbook: Free PDF Download & Complete Guide

NCERT Books Class 12 physics 2025-26 introduces students to the principles of electricity, magnetism, optics, modern physics, and electronics through well-structured chapters. Each topic is explained step by step, helping students build a strong foundation for both CBSE board exams and future scientific studies.

The Physics NCERT book follows the latest syllabus, focusing on concept clarity and practical examples. Practicing the questions and understanding the basics from the NCERT ensures students are well-prepared for both theory and application-based questions in the board exam.

NCERT Books Class 12 physics Chapter-wise Overview

Each chapter in Class 12 Physics builds up concepts gradually to support deep understanding. Studying directly from NCERT ensures complete and exam-focused preparation.

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

This chapter explores the fundamental idea of electric charge and Coulomb's law. Students learn about electric fields, their properties, and how charges interact. Focus on understanding field lines and superposition principle.

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance

It introduces electrostatic potential energy and the concept of capacitance. Learn about potential difference, capacitors, and how they store energy. Pay special attention to formulas and practical use of capacitors.

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Covers electric currents, Ohm’s law, and basic electrical circuits. The chapter explains resistors, EMF, and internal resistance in detail. Practice circuit diagrams and Kirchhoff’s rules for clarity.

Chapter 4: Moving Charges And Magnetism

Explains the magnetic effects of electric current and motion. The Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, and force on charged particles are major topics. Understand the right-hand rule and applications of magnetic force.

Chapter 5: Magnetism And Matter

Focuses on properties of magnets, Earth’s magnetism, and the behavior of materials in a magnetic field. Students should know different types of magnetic materials and magnetic properties like susceptibility and permeability.

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Covers Faraday’s laws of induction, Lenz’s law, and mutual/self-inductance. Learn how changing magnetic fields produce current and review key derivations for board exams.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Explains alternating current, its generation, and LCR circuits. Students understand oscillations, phase relationships, and power in AC circuits. Focus on graphical representation and resonance in circuits.

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Deals with the formation of electromagnetic (EM) waves and their characteristics. Students learn EM spectrum, Maxwell’s equations (basics), and applications of EM waves in daily life.

Chapter 9: Ray Optics And Optical Instruments

Covers reflection, refraction, and the working of optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. Practice diagrams and be thorough with lens/mirror formulas and applications.

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Explains phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization of light. The chapter also covers Young’s double-slit experiment. Understand wave theory and key principles of superposition.

Chapter 11: Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter

Explores the particle nature of light, photoelectric effect, and de Broglie hypothesis for matter waves. Understanding the experiment-based explanations is important for solving numerical questions.

Chapter 12: Atoms

Describes atomic models, spectra of hydrogen atom, and Bohr’s postulates. Focus on derivations and the sequence of atomic theory development for conceptual clarity.

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Looks into nuclear properties, radioactivity, and nuclear energy. Students learn about mass defect, binding energy, and nuclear reactions. Practice basic calculations and understand applications of nuclear physics.

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronic Material Devices And Simple Circuits

Covers semiconductors, diodes, transistors, and logic gates. The chapter makes students familiar with electronic devices and simple circuits used in daily life. Focus on circuit symbols and working principles.

Why Class 12 physics NCERT Books by Vedantu Are Useful for CBSE Students

NCERT books ensure that every topic in the syllabus is explained with clarity and simple language. They are trusted by CBSE for exam settings and are best for revision before boards. Vedantu recommends using these books for building concepts and confidence.

• Directly aligned with CBSE syllabus.
• Clear explanations and authentic definitions.
• Helpful for school exams and board preparation.
• Strong base for revision and reference.

How Class 12 physics NCERT Books Help in CBSE Exam Preparation

NCERT books are recommended by teachers because concepts and numerical problems often appear directly in CBSE exams. The content supports understanding of application-based and theory questions, making it reliable for chapter-wise revision and self-study.

• Concepts asked directly in CBSE exams.
• Supports descriptive and application questions.
• Ideal for last-minute revision.

Read each NCERT chapter with focus and revise the key points regularly. Consistency and concept clarity will help you excel in your board exams with confidence.