CBSE Chemistry Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 Unit-wise Course Structure

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025–26 Unit Wise Topics

Unit 1 Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult’s law, colligative properties including relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.

Unit 2 Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variation of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell, electrolytic cells and galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.

Unit 3 Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction such as concentration, temperature, and catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life for zero and first order reactions, concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

Unit 4 d and f Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals including metallic character, ionisation enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic properties, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄.

Lanthanides: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, lanthanide contraction and its consequences.

Actinides: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and comparison with lanthanides.

Unit 5 Coordination Compounds

Introduction to coordination compounds, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding theories including Werner’s theory, VBT and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism; importance of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems.

Unit 6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation, mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions with directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only.

Uses and environmental effects of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, and DDT.

Unit 7 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties of primary alcohols, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses.

Ethers: Nomenclature, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit 8 Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit 9 Amines

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions, and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit 10 Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, D–L configuration, oligosaccharides including sucrose, lactose and maltose, polysaccharides including starch, cellulose and glycogen, importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins: Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides and proteins; structure of proteins including primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes; hormones (elementary idea excluding structure).

Vitamins: Classification and functions.

Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Exam Pattern 2025-26

Practical Evaluation Scheme

Class 12 Chemistry Practical Syllabus

(Micro-chemical methods should be used wherever possible.)

A Surface Chemistry

• Preparation of one lyophilic sol (starch egg albumin gum)

• Preparation of one lyophobic sol (aluminium hydroxide ferric hydroxide arsenous sulphide)

• Dialysis of prepared sol

• Study of emulsifying agents in stabilising emulsions

B Chemical Kinetics

• Effect of concentration and temperature on reaction rate between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid

• Study of reaction rate of either:

• Iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature

• Potassium iodate and sodium sulphite reaction (clock reaction using starch)

C Thermochemistry

Perform any one:

• Enthalpy of dissolution of copper sulphate or potassium nitrate

• Enthalpy of neutralisation of HCl and NaOH

• Enthalpy change during interaction of acetone and chloroform

D Electrochemistry

• Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn²⁺ || Cu²⁺/Cu with change in electrolyte concentration

E Chromatography

• Separation of pigments from leaves or flowers and determination of Rf values

• Separation of two cations in an inorganic mixture using paper chromatography

F Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

• Double salt of ferrous ammonium sulphate or potash alum

• Potassium ferric oxalate

G Preparation of Organic Compounds

Prepare any one:

• Acetanilide

• Dibenzalacetone

• p-Nitroacetanilide

• Aniline yellow or 2-Naphthol aniline dye

H Functional Group Tests

Identify:

• Unsaturation

• Alcoholic

• Phenolic

• Aldehydic

• Ketonic

• Carboxylic

• Primary amino groups

I Food Tests

• Detection of carbohydrates fats and proteins in pure samples and food items

J Volumetric Analysis

Determine molarity of KMnO₄ by titration against:

• Oxalic acid

• Ferrous ammonium sulphate

(Students prepare standard solutions themselves)

K Qualitative Salt Analysis

Determine one cation and one anion.

Possible Cations: Pb²⁺ Cu²⁺ Al³⁺ Fe³⁺ Mn²⁺ Ni²⁺ Zn²⁺ Co²⁺ Ca²⁺ Sr²⁺ Ba²⁺ Mg²⁺ NH₄⁺

Possible Anions: CO₃²⁻ S²⁻ SO₃²⁻ NO₃⁻ NO₂⁻ Cl⁻ Br⁻ I⁻ SO₄²⁻ PO₄³⁻ CH₃COO⁻ C₂O₄²⁻

(Insoluble salts excluded)

Chemistry Project Work

Students conduct scientific investigations involving lab testing and data collection.

Suggested Projects

• Oxalate ions in guava at different ripening stages

• Casein content in milk samples

• Preparation of soybean milk and comparison with natural milk

• Effect of potassium bisulphate as food preservative

• Digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH/temperature

• Rate of fermentation in different materials

• Extraction of essential oils from seeds/spices

• Study of food adulterants in common items

(Other approved investigatory projects may also be chosen.)

Practical Examination for Visually Challenged Students

General Guidelines

• Duration: 2 hours practical + 30 minutes written test

• Written paper: 15 skill-based VSA questions (attempt any 10)

• Students must maintain a practical file with at least five experiments

• The file must include aim apparatus theory procedure precautions etc.

• Viva questions may cover theory apparatus procedure and errors

Evaluation Scheme for Visually Challenged Students

Mandatory Practical Sections

Section A

• Preparation of lyophilic/lyophobic sol

• Chromatography of pigments

• Functional group tests

• Food tests

• Preparation of potash alum

Section B (Mandatory)

• Preparation of oxalic acid standard solution

• Determination of KMnO₄ molarity

• Qualitative analysis (NH₄⁺ and common anions)

CBSE Chemistry Question Paper Design (Theory)

Key Guidelines

• No fixed chapter-wise weightage

• All chapters must be covered

• About 33% internal choice in each section

• No overall choice in the paper

Competency Based Marks Distribution

Prescribed Books

• Chemistry Part I Class XII NCERT

• Chemistry Part II Class XII NCERT

• Manual of Microscale Chemistry Laboratory Kit

Why Should You Follow Vedantu’s Chemistry Syllabus Class 12 While Preparing?

Using the chemistry syllabus class 12 as your preparation guide allows you to:

• Identify the exact chapters included in the exam

• Plan your study timetable based on unit importance

• Track completed topics and pending chapters easily

• Focus on diagrams, reactions, and numericals more effectively

• Reduce exam stress with a structured preparation approach

Students who regularly refer to the syllabus tend to complete their preparation more efficiently and perform better in exams.

Related Topic Pages from Class 12 Chemistry

• Atomic Numbers and Symbols of 118 Elements

• Periodic Table of Elements

• Benzene

• Atomic Number and Mass Number

Related Study Materials for Class 12 Chemistry