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CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes PDF 2023-24

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Last updated date: 22nd Mar 2024
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MVSAT 2024

Physics Class 12 Notes for CBSE (NCERT) Books - FREE PDF Downlaod

Physics can be a daunting subject if you do not get the right kind of guidance in solving assignments and understanding the chapters. Physics Class 12 Notes prepared by the subject matter experts of Vedantu are precisely what students of Class 12th need for developing a conceptual understanding of the concepts. These Notes of Physics Class 12 make the complicated problems look easy as they are broken into simple steps with a lucid explanation of each step. Students can easily solve difficult problems independently once they go through the Class 12 Physics Notes PDF designed by the scholars of Vedantu.


Detailed Overview of Physics Notes Class 12 PDF

Class:

CBSE Class 12

Subject:

Physics

Number of Chapters:

15

Content-Type:

Text, Videos, Images and PDF Format

Academic Year:

2023-24

Medium:

English

Available Materials:

Chapter Wise

Other Materials

  • Important Questions

  • NCERT Solutions



Chapter-wise  Physics Notes Class 12 PDF Download

Having Physics Class 12 Notes in a PDF format makes it very convenient for students to do a quick revision of any chapter. Now you can download Class 12 Notes Physics PDF from the official website of Vedantu and store it on your device. The PDF can be accessed anytime, anywhere, even when there is no internet connection. This way, you can do your revisions on the go, not losing your valuable time. The content of CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes PDF is prepared with the updated CBSE curriculum as a guide. Students will benefit not just in doing their assignments but also score high if they refer to these CBSE class 12 Physics Notes PDF from the team of Vedantu.


Also, check CBSE Physics Class 12 Notes for all chapters:


Competitive Exams after 12th Science

1000+ Basic Subjective Questions Can Be Added Advantage to Your Class 12 Physics Notes

Vedantu provides a comprehensive set of basic subjective questions for Class 12 Physics, with 1 mark and 2 marks subjective questions and answers. These questions are carefully curated by subject experts to ensure that they are relevant to the latest syllabus and exam patterns. They also cover a wide range of topics, so students can be sure to find questions that address their weak areas.


In addition to the questions, Vedantu also provides detailed answers, so students can learn how to answer them correctly. This helps students to understand the concepts behind the questions and to improve their problem-solving skills.


The basic subjective questions (1 mark & 2 mark) from Vedantu are a valuable resource for students who are preparing for their Class 12 Physics exams. They can help students to identify their weak areas, to improve their problem-solving skills, and to boost their confidence.


Subjective Questions Benefits for Class 12 Physics: 

  • Relevant to the Latest Syllabus and Exam Patterns: Vedantu's basic subjective questions and Class 12 Physics notes PDF are designed to align with the latest syllabus and exam patterns, ensuring that students focus on the most relevant topics and formats that they are likely to encounter in their Class 12 Physics exams.

  • Coverage of Topics: Class 12 Physics notes cover a wide range of topics, allowing students to thoroughly practice and understand various concepts within the subject. This basic subjective questions coverage helps in developing a strong foundation in the subject matter.

  • Detailed and Easy to Understand Answers: Vedantu provides detailed solutions, making it easier for students to grasp complex concepts and learn from their mistakes. 

  • Identification of Weak Areas: By referring to Vedantu's subjective questions and Class 12 notes, students can identify their weak areas and specific topics that require further attention and improvement.

  • Improvement in Problem-Solving Skills: Regularly practicing 1 mark & 2 Mark questions along with CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes helps students to develop critical thinking and analytical skills.

  • Boosting Confidence: Subjective questions and Class 12 Physics notes PDF, helps to grow the confidence in the subject and it positively impacts their academic performance in exams.


If you are a student who is preparing for your Class 12 Physics exams, I highly recommend using Vedantu's 1 mark and 2 mark subjective questions. They are a valuable resource that can help you to succeed in your exams. 


CBSE Class 12 Physics Weightage 2023-24 

Unit No.

Unit Name

Marks

Unit - I

Electrostatics

16


Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields


Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Unit-II

Current Electricity


Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Unit - III 

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

17


Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism


Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Unit - IV 

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents


Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction


Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Unit - V

Electromagnetic Waves

18


Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Unit - VI

Optics

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Unit - VII

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

12

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and  Matter

Unit - VIII

Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter–12: Atoms

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Unit - IX

Electronic Devices

7

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics:  Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Total

70



Chapter 1 - Electric Charges and Fields

Our Physics Notes Class 12 PDF Download, chapter 1 talks about how the modern understanding of electric charges came based on the early discoveries done by various physicists. The significant points discussed in this chapter are:


  • Definition and types of electric charge (positive, negative).

  • Coulomb’s law on the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles.

  • Intensity and properties of an electric field.

  • How charged particles move in an electric field.

  • Conductors and insulators.

  • Electric potential energy.


Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 

The crucial CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes on electrostatics builds on the previous chapter about electric charges. Here you will delve into the following topics:


  • Electric Potential - This is the amount of energy needed to move a charge from point X to point Y.

  • Electrostatic Capacitance - The amount of charge that a capacitor can hold.

  • Comparison of charge and mass.


Chapter 3 - Current Electricity

With our quickPhysics Class 12 Notes students will learn what happens when an electric charge moves. Amongst the many important topics discussed in this chapter, some of them are:


  • Definition and formula for electric current.

  • Current carriers and drift velocity.

  • Ohm’s law.

  • Electrical Resistance - The obstruction that a conductor poses to the flow of electric current.

  • Kirchhoff’s law.


Chapter 4 - Moving Charges and Magnetism

In our Physics Notes Class 12 PDF Download of chapter 4, you will find out all about magnetism and how moving charges can induce magnetic fields. The salient topics of this chapter are:


  • Force on a moving charge.

  • Magnetic field strength.

  • Biot-Savart’s law and its applications

  • Ampere’s circuital law and its application.

  • Cyclotron - A device that can accelerate and energize charged particles.


Chapter 5 - Magnetism and Matter

Our crucial CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes acquaint you with magnets and their properties. Along with learning about different types of magnet, you will also learn a few other topics in this chapter, which are:


  • Definition and formula for the magnetic field.

  • Lorentz Force - Force that a charged particle experiences in a space where both magnetic and electric fields are present.

  • How charged particles move in a uniform magnetic field.

  • The magnetic field at the center of a circular coil that is carrying current.

  • The solenoid.


Chapter 6 - Electromagnetic Induction

Our CBSE Physics Class 12 Notes on electromagnetic induction takes off from the previous chapter, where we learned that an electric charge could produce a magnetic field. This chapter describes how magnetism can give rise to electricity. The key takeaways of this chapter are:


  • Magnetic flux - the number of magnetic lines of force passing through an area in the magnetic field.

  • Faraday’s law of EMI (Electromagnetic Induction) - First and second law.

  • Lenz’s Law.

  • Eddy current.

  • Dynamic EMI due to translatory motion.

  • Inductance - Self-induction, mutual induction


Chapter 7 - Alternating Current

In our CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes of chapter 7, students will learn about currents that change directions periodically. The key points discussed here are:


  • Explanation of an alternating current and its formula.

  • AC that contains only resistance, only capacitance,  or only inductance.

  • AC that carries all the three (inductance, capacitance, and resistance) and series.

  • Electric resonance.

  • Benefits of Using AC - AC Generator, Transformer

  • Displacement current.


Chapter 8 - Electromagnetic Waves

Our crucial revision Class 12 Physics Notes CBSE is based on the interesting topics of EM waves. EM waves are generated when electric and magnetic fields act upon each other. Some key aspects of this chapter discussed in the notes are:


  • EM Waves - definition, properties, practical use in day-to-day life.

  • Maxwell’s experiment and his correction of Ampere’s circuital law.

  • Sources and nature of EM waves.

  • EM Spectrum - classification of EM waves based on their wavelength or frequency.

  • RADAR technology.


Chapter 9 - Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

The crucial NCERT Physics Class 12 Notes for chapter 9 contains a detailed explanation of lights (reflection, refraction) and the magical effects created by prisms. You will learn all about optical instruments and more in this Class 12 Physics NCERT Notes. Here is a synopsis of what all is covered in this chapter:


  • Rectilinear propagation of light.

  • Reflection of light.

  • Spherical Mirrors - deriving mirror formula, magnification

  • Refraction of Light - refractive index, Snell’s law of refraction, refraction through curved surfaces.

  • Total internal reflection.

  • Thin Lens - optical center, the center of curvature, principal axis.


Chapter 10 - Wave Optics

Our detailed Physics Notes Class 12 will explain the features of the light and how it travels as a wave. The main sub-topics of this chapter are:


  • Explanation of a wavefront.

  • Huygens’s principle.

  • Principle of superposition.

  • Interference of light and its illustrations.

  • YDSE - Young’s double-slit experiment.

  • Doppler’s effect.

  • Diffraction of Light - Fresnel, Fraunhofer.

  • The polarisation of light.


Chapter 11 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

In our crucial Physics Class 12 Notes CBSE students will get well-versed with the nature of matter as a wave as well as a particle. The chapter has many important experiments and theorems; some of them are listed below:


  • Dual nature of radiation.

  • Electric discharge.

  • Forces that an Electron Experiences in an Electric and Magnetic Field - electric field, magnetic field, the photoelectric effect.

  • Laws of the Photoelectric Effect - Einstein’s theory of photoelectric effect.

  • Davisson and Germer experiment.

  • Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

  • Electron microscope.


Chapter 12 - Atoms

In our Physics Class 12 Notes, Atoms, students will learn the fundamentals of atoms (nucleus, isotopes, isobars, etc.) and its structure. Here are some of the main topics covered in this chapter:


  • Nucleus - isotopes, isobars, nuclear size, nuclear density.

  • Nuclear fission

  • Nuclear reactors.

  • Cathode rays.

  • Photoelectric effect.

  • Rutherford’s planetary model of an atom.

  • H.Geiger and E.Marsden experiment of alpha particle scattering.


Chapter 13 - Nuclei

With our crucial notes on Nuclei, you will get in-depth knowledge of the small dense matter at the center of an atom called the nucleus. Some salient points of this chapter are:


  • Structure and composition of the nucleus - protons and neutrons, atomic number, atomic mass.

  • Nuclear binding energy.

  • Nuclear force.

  • Radioactive decay.

  • Half-life.


Chapter 14 - Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits

The crucial Notes for Physics Class 12, chapter 14 defines a semiconductor, a device to direct the flow of electrons without the need for external heat or vacuum. Some of the main points discussed in this chapter are:

  • Energy bands in solids.

  • Semiconductors - N-Type extrinsic semiconductors.

  • Transistor.

  • Digital signals.

  • Logic Gates - AND, OR, NAND, etc.

  • Analog signals.


Chapter 15 - Communication Systems

In our Physics Class 12 Notes, you will find communication systems (receivers, transmitters). The highlights of this chapter are detailed below:


  • Definition of communication systems and how it evolved over time.

  • Modes of Communication - point-to-point, broadcast.

  • Terminologies Related to Communication - Transducer, signal types, amplitude, frequency, phase.

  • Signal Propagation - attenuation, amplification, range, bandwidth, modulation.

  • Propagation of EM waves.


Overview of CBSE Physics Notes Class 12 

The Syllabus of Class 12 Physics is quite vast and consists of important chapters for the students. There are a total of 14 chapters that are divided into nine different units. These units cover all sorts of topics such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Currents, Optics, Electromagnetic Waves, Atoms and Nuclei, Electronic Devices, etc. Students need to get a detailed understanding of all these important topics to complete their syllabus. This is where the 12th Physics Notes can be a great help to the students. The learned subject matter experts at Vedantu have formulated these CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes for students to practise and gain more knowledge.


The CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes are resourceful study materials that can help students delve deeper into the concepts of Physics. The Physics Notes for Class 12 PDF can be downloaded from Vedantu and that too for free. All the topics and concepts have been explained in detail to the students. They will be able to understand the principles, functions, processes, and laws that come into effect with these concepts. Not just that but they can easily solve the textbook questions by referencing the notes in the best way. They will be able to make sure that their syllabus is completed before the exams.


Benefits of Class 12 Physics Notes PDF Download

  • These Physics Class 12 Notes contain detailed explanations of different topics in the Physics syllabus. All the topics have been explained using simple terms, examples, and descriptions that make it easier for students to understand.

  • Students can download the notes to gain insights about the chapters. Concepts such as Kirchoff’s Law, Electrical Resistance, Ohm’s Law, Charge & Mass, Electrostatic Capacitance, Lenz’s Law, Solenoids, Doppler’s Effect, Polarisation of Light, Photoelectric Effect, Electron Microscope, etc. have been explained properly in these notes. So, students can develop in the subject of Physics from these notes.

  • ThePhysics Class 12 Notes are arranged in a systematic manner for the students. That means if you are looking for Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 Notes, you can find a separate link to download the material on your device.

  • Students can easily download the notes and refer to the materials to clear their doubts about a specific chapter or topic. These notes can also help them tackle the important questions from the textbook. They can improve their answering skills by rectifying the errors after following Physics Class 12 Notes.

  • Students of Class 12 have to complete their syllabus before their Physics exams. During that time, it becomes important to save time and hence a quick revision of these notes will help them complete their syllabus easily before time.


Download Physics Notes Class 12 PDF to Boost Preparation

Download the Quick Physics Notes Class 12 PDF from Vedantu and start preparing for your exams. These notes have been prepared by the learned experts at Vedantu and hence will help in providing a proper foundation to the students. Learn the concepts of Physics easily with these meticulously formed notes. Boost your preparation by following these notes right now.


CBSE Class 12 Physics Study Materials

FAQs on CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes PDF 2023-24

1. What is Kirchhoff’s first law of electricity?

Kirchhoff’s first law, also known as Kirchhoff’s junction law supports the law of conservation of charge and It states that in a closed circuit, the algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a point is zero i.e Σi = 0. The law also states:

  • Current cannot be stored at the meeting point or junction.

  • No junction in a circuit can act as a sink or source of charge.

2. What is a solenoid?

A long insulating wire-wound closely in the shape of a helix forms a solenoid. The length of a solenoid wire is considerable compared to its diameter. Properties and features of a solenoid are:

  • When current passes through a solenoid, it creates an almost uniform magnetic field inside.

  • The direction of the magnetic field is the same as that of the current inside it.

  • Solenoids are widely used in switches as they can convert an electric current into mechanical action.

  • The density of turns and the strength of the current solenoid determines the magnetic field inside it.

  • Even a small solenoid can exert a force equal to few newtons.

  • A solenoid is like a permanent magnet, but it can be reversed and turned on/off at will.

3. How are revision notes beneficial for studying Class 12 Physics?

Class 12 Physics can be an intimidating subject. It contains quite a lot of important derivations, formulas, definitions, etc. The chapters are quite lengthy as well. For this very reason, studying from revision notes proves very beneficial for the students.  Notes condense the extensive information of the textbook into concise points. Having separate notes for derivations and formulas is also useful for revision and practice before the exams.

4. What are the lessons in 12th Physics?

Class 12 Physics has a total of 15 Chapters which are as follows:

  • Electric Charges and Fields

  • Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

  • Current Electricity

  • Moving Charges and Magnetism

  • Magnetism and Matter

  • Electromagnetic Induction

  • Alternating Current

  • Electromagnetic Waves

  • Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

  • Wave Optics

  • Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

  • Atoms

  • Nuclei

  • Semiconductor Electronics

  • Communication Systems 

You can find revision notes for all these chapters here.

5. Is NCERT enough for Class 12 boards physics?

NCERT Textbooks are the primary source of reference for CBSE Class 12 Board exams. They are the prescribed textbooks by the CBSE. Class 12 board exam question paper carries mostly direct questions from the NCERT textbook. If students are thorough with their NCERT textbook, they will be able to score exceptionally well in the exams. Hence, the main focus of students should be on the NCERT textbooks.

6. Which are the best notes for Physics class 12?

An exhausting subject like Physics requires comprehensive and crisp notes that will allow the students to revise from them efficiently. The best notes are the ones prepared by expert Physics teachers who have immense experience in teaching class 12 physics. Also, the preferred notes should be regularly updated as per the CBSE Syllabus to be well suited for examination preparation. You can find such impeccably prepared notes for Class 12 Physics on the Vedantu website or on the Vedantu app at free of cost.

7. How can I make a study plan for Class 12 Physics?

An efficient study plan for the beginning of the academic year is your key to scoring well in Class 12 Physics board exams. To make a study plan:

  • Familiarize yourself with the board exam syllabus.

  • Divide the chapters as per weightage and difficulty level and study accordingly

  • Divide your time efficiently and practically for each topic.

Having the right resources to study should also be an important part of your study plan. These include NCERT Solutions, revision notes, sample papers, previous years’ question papers, etc.

8. Which chapter has been removed from the Class 12 Physics 2023-24?

The chapter Communication Systems has been removed from the NCERT Class 12 Physics textbook 2023-24.

9. What topics are covered in Physics Class 12 Notes PDF Download 2023 -24?

Physics Class 12 Notes PDF Download 2023 -24typically cover all the topics included in the Class 12 Physics syllabus, such as electrostatics, magnetism, optics, modern physics, and more. These notes provide a comprehensive overview of each topic, along with relevant diagrams, examples, and explanations.