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Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Class 12 Notes CBSE Physics Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)

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Revision Notes for CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 (Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation) - Free PDF Download

Looking for comprehensive revision notes on the Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter? Look no further! Our meticulously crafted revision notes cover all the essential topics from CBSE Physics Chapter 11, providing you with a solid understanding of this intriguing subject.


These revision notes delve into the wave-particle duality, explaining the fundamental principles behind the behavior of electromagnetic radiation and matter. Gain insights into the photoelectric effect and understand how light can exhibit both wave and particle properties. Discover the de Broglie wavelength and its significance in determining the wave-like nature of particles.


Vedantu’s revision notes also explore important experiments like the Davisson-Germer experiment, shedding light on the scattering of electrons and confirming their wave-like characteristics. Get a grasp on key equations and formulae to solve numerical problems effortlessly. Boost your confidence and achieve academic success with our comprehensive revision notes today!


Latest CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Syllabus

According to the latest CBSE syllabus, the concepts covered in Class 12 Notes Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter are as follows.


  • Dual Nature of Radiation

  • Photoelectric Effect; Experimental study of Photoelectric effect; Einstein’s Photoelectric equation - Particle nature of light

  • Hertz and Lenard’s Observations

  • Matter waves - Wave nature of particles, and de Broglie relation


Subject experts at Vedantu have prepared ‘Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Revision Notes’ for the upcoming CBSE Class 12 board exam. These notes can be accessed by all students, at any time, on their laptops, desktops, tablets or smartphones. At Vedantu, we believe in providing quality education to students along with practical exposure to concepts, so that they could have a stronghold on concepts and their real-life applications. We keep our students thoroughly diversified in knowledge. You can go through ‘Class 12 Notes Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter’, provided below to develop a deeper understanding of the concepts covered in this chapter.

Download CBSE Class 12 Chapter-wise Physics Notes 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 12 Physics revision notes for all chapters:


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It is a curated compilation of relevant online resources that complement and expand upon the content covered in a specific chapter. Explore these links to access additional readings, explanatory videos, practice exercises, and other valuable materials that enhance your understanding of the chapter's subject matter.

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Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation Class 12 Notes Physics - Basic Subjective Questions


Section-A (1 Mark Questions)

1. Define photoelectric work function. How is it related to threshold frequency?

Ans. The minimum amount of radiant energy needed to pull an electron (without imparting it any kinetic energy) from a metallic surface is called work function of the metal. The relation between work function W0 and threshold frequency ν0 is W0 = hν0


2. Which photon has more energy: A red one or a violet one? 

Ans. Violet photon has more energy, because energy of a photon, E = hν and νviolet > νred .  


3. Why are alkali metals most suited as photo-sensitive metals?

Ans. Alkali metals have low work function. Even visible radiation can eject out electrons from them. So, alkali metals are most suitable photo-sensitive metals. 


4. Work function of aluminium is 4.2 eV. If two photons each of energy 2.5 eV are incident on its surface, will the emission of electrons take place? Justify your answer.

Ans. No, energy of a single photon must be greater than the work function of the metal for the emission of a photoelectron. 

 

5. Does the 'stopping potential' in photo-electric emission depend upon (i) the intensity of the incident radiation in a photocell? (ii) the frequency of the incident radiation?

Ans. 

(i) No, the stopping potential does not depend on the intensity of the incident radiation. 

(ii) Yes, the stopping potential depends on the frequency of incident radiation, above the threshold frequency, V0 ∝ ν. 


6. How does the maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted vary with the work function of the metal?

Ans. The maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons, $K_{max}=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^{2}_{max}=hv-W_{0}$ .


7. The stopping potential in an experiment on photoelectric effect is 1.5 V. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted?

Ans. $K_{max}=eV_{0}=1\cdot 6\times 10^{-19}C\times 1\cdot 5V$

$=24\times 10^{-19}J$ or 1.5eV


8. Why are de-Broglie waves associated with a moving football not visible? 

Ans. Due to the large mass of a football(in comparison subatomic particles), the de-Broglie wavelength $\left ( \lambda =\dfrac{h}{mv} \right )$ associated with a moving football is very small, quite beyond measurement. Hence its wave nature is not visible.


9. The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle of kinetic energy K is $\lambda$ . What would be the wavelength of the particle if its kinetic energy were K/4?

Ans. The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle of mass m and kinetic energy K is $\lambda=\dfrac{h}{\sqrt{2mK}}$ .

When the kinetic energy is $\dfrac{K}{4}$ .

${\lambda }'=\dfrac{h}{\sqrt{2m\dfrac{K}{4}}}=\dfrac{2h}{\sqrt{2mK}}=2\lambda$


10. An $\alpha -$ particle and a proton are accelerated through the same potential difference. Calculate the ratio of linear momenta acquired by the two. 

Ans. The kinetic energy gained by a particle when accelerated through potential difference V is $\dfrac{1}{2}mv^{2}=qV$ or $m^{2}v^{2}=2mqV$

∴ momentum $p=mv=\sqrt{2mqV}$

∴ $\dfrac{p\alpha }{p_{p}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2m_{\alpha }q_{\alpha }V}{2m_{p}q_{p}V}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\times 4m_{p}\times 2e\times V}{2\times M_{P}\times e\times V}}=2\sqrt{2:1}$


Section-B (2 Marks Questions)

11. How is the photoelectric current affected on increasing the (i) frequency (ii) intensity of the incident radiations and why?

Ans.

(i) The increase in frequency of incident radiation has no effect on the photoelectric current. This is because the incident photon of increased energy cannot eject more than one electron from the metal surface. 

(ii) The photoelectric current increases proportionally with the increase in intensity of incident radiation. Larger the intensity of incident radiation, larger is the number of incident photons and hence larger is the number of electrons ejected from the metallic surface. 


12. What will happen to:

(i) kinetic energy of photoelectrons

(ii) photocurrent

If the light is changed from ultraviolet to X-rays in a photo-cell experiment? Intensity of the beam is the same in both cases.

Ans.

(i)As kinetic energy is proportional to the frequency of incident radiation and frequency of X-rays is higher than that of ultraviolet rays, so kinetic energy of photoelectrons will increase.

(ii) Photoelectric current will remain same as the intensity in both cases is same.


13. Two lines A and B in the plot given below show the variation of de-Broglie wavelength, $\lambda$ versus $\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{V}}$ where V is the accelerating potential difference, for two particles carrying the same charge. Which one of two represents a particle of smaller mass? 


variation of de-Broglie wavelength


Ans. According to de Broglie wavelength, $lambda =\dfrac{h}{\sqrt{2meV}}$

$\dfrac{\lambda }{1/\sqrt{V}}=\dfrac{h}{\sqrt{2me}}\Rightarrow \dfrac{\lambda }{1/\sqrt{V}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{m}}\times \dfrac{h}{\sqrt{2e}}$

The slope is given by, $\dfrac{\lambda }{1/\sqrt{V}}=$ slope $\varpropto\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{m}}$

Slope of B > slope of A


14. The given graph shows the variation of photoelectric current (i) versus applied voltage (V) for two different photosensitive materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiation. Identify the pairs of curves that correspond to different materials but same intensity of incident radiation. 


The variation of photoelectric current
 


Ans. The pairs (2, 4) and (1, 3) have same intensity but different material.  


15. Find the ratio of de-Broglie wavelengths associated with two electrons accelerated through 25 V and 36 V.

Ans. $\lambda \varpropto\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{V}}\dfrac{\lambda _{1}}{\lambda _{2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{36}{25}}=\dfrac{6}{5}$

$\therefore \lambda _{1}:\lambda _{2}::6:5$


PDF Summary - Class 12 Physics Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation Notes (Chapter 11)

Class 12 Physics Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Revision Notes

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Class 12 Physics Revision Notes cover the following topics for your board exam.

Concise NCERT Class 12 Revision Notes Physics Chapter 11 Solution will help you to learn and understand the above-mentioned topics. Our subject matter experts have prepared the NCERT Solutions Chapter 11 Class 12 Physics Revision Notes for the perusal of all students.


Solved Sample NCERT Chapter 11 Questions Answers

Q1: The work function of a Cs (Cesium) metal is 2.14 eV. Light of frequency 6 x 1014 Hz incidents on it because of which emission of photoelectrons occurs. Find the following:

  1. Maximum KE of the emitted electrons,

  2. Stopping Potential, and

  3. The maximum speed of emitted photoelectrons

Given: Here, Φo = 2.14 eV = 2.14 x 1.6 x 10-19J, 

f = 6 x 1014 Hz,

h (Planck’s Constant) = 6.6 x 10-34Js,

mass of an electron, me=  9.1 x 10-31 Kg

Sol:  

1.  Maximum KE =  hf - Φo

                              = 6.6 x 10-34Js x 6 x 1014 - 2.14 x 1.6 x 10-19J

                   Maximum KE   = 5.36 x 10-20J

 2. Stopping Potential Vo =\[\frac{K_{max}}{e}\]= (5.36 x 10-20/1.6 x 10-19)

                          Vo  = 0.335 eV

3. Maximum speed of emitted photoelectrons 

     We know that KE = ½ mv(max)2= 5.36 x 10-20J

    So, v(max)2 = (2 x 5.36 x 10-20/9.1 x 10-31)= 1.178 x 1011

or, vmax = 343 km/s


Q2: If the cut-off potential of a certain experiment is 1.5 V, then what will be the maximum KE of emitted photoelectrons?

Given:  Vo  =  1.5 V, e = 1.6 x 10-19C

To find: KEMAX =?

Solution: We know that KEMAX = e Vo 

                                                 = 1.6 x 10-19 x  1.5 

                                        KEMAX = 2.4 x 10-19


Download Chapter 11 Physics Class 12 Revision Notes PDF

For downloading Revision Notes class 12 chapter 11, click on the below link.


Salient Features of Vedantu’s Solved Class 12 Physics PYQP

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Conclusion

Vedantu's Class 12 Notes on the Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter in CBSE Physics Chapter 11 provide a comprehensive understanding of this topic. The notes cover the fundamental principles and experiments related to the wave-particle duality of electromagnetic radiation and matter. They elucidate concepts such as photoelectric effect, de Broglie wavelength, and the Davisson-Germer experiment, among others. Vedantu's notes effectively explain the intricate relationship between particles and waves, shedding light on the nature of light and matter. These notes serve as a valuable resource for students, aiding in their conceptual clarity and providing a strong foundation in this intriguing field of physics.

FAQs on Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Class 12 Notes CBSE Physics Chapter 11 (Free PDF Download)

1. Will CBSE Give Grace Marks in Class 12 Physics Paper Because of Its Difficulty Level?

Getting grace marks in CBSE Class 12 board exam is an unsure factor. So, there is no alternative other than waiting for results.

2. Can I Get More Sample Papers of CBSE Class 12 Physics 2024?

Yes.

At Vedantu, we promise to provide all the study materials for your Physics Class 12 Board exam preparation. For your convenience, we have uploaded the sample papers, which contain all the questions asked in the past years’ board exams. Our subject matter experts have also highlighted the most important questions.

3. How Is Vedantu’s Chapter 11 Physics NCERT Solutions Helpful for Class 12 Exams?

NCERT builds up the base of each concept. Before going to an advanced level, we must always prefer NCERT. So, NCERT solutions provided on Vedantu are the results of extensive research done by our subject-matter experts to strengthen your base so that you can solve advanced problems from every topic.

4. What is the Photoelectric Effect?

Photoelectric effect is a phenomenon that discusses the striking of photons of light on the metallic surface. When photons hit a metal surface, there is an emission of photoelectrons. However, the number of photons hitting the metal will not eject the same number of electrons.

5. What is the dual nature of radiation and matter?

Light and other similar electromagnetic radiations possess dual nature. This implies that they have both the particle nature as well as the wave nature. Previously properties of such radiation and matter used to be explained only through the particle nature. However, later it was concluded experimentally that radiation and matter also have wave properties. Therefore, matter such as light is considered to have dual nature, that is, both the properties of a wave and a particle.

6. What is the dual nature of matter notes?

The dual nature of matter makes up a crucial concept for the syllabus of physics in competitive exams such as JEE and is essentially the understanding of the double nature that matter has or exhibits. A given matter usually displays or has either the particle nature of the wave nature. Several experiments have been conducted further so as to prove this hypothesis. You can find notes related to this at Vedantu at free of cost.

7. What is Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle?

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle stipulates that the momentum as well as position of a particle is not possible to be derived simultaneously.

Mathematically, this is expressed as follows:

∆x ∆P ≥ (h / 4π) 

Here, ∆x stands for Uncertainty in position.

And, ∆P stands for the Uncertainty in Momentum.