NCERT Books Class 11 Biology

Significance of Biology Class 11 NCERT PDF

Biology is a branch of science that deals with living organisms and life. Thus, it is known as life science or science of life. NCERT books for class 11 biology serves as the best source of fundamental concepts of biology. Students can gather information to a great extent by reading this book.

Moreover, 11th NCERT biology book also helps students to explore their knowledge about their daily life as well. Both plant and animal kingdom, which is equally important for the board and NEET exam are discussed here.

So, students can download NCERT biology class 11 PDF anytime to increase their grip on the subject for both exams efficiently.

Chapter Wise Overview of Class 11 Biology NCERT PDF Book

The entire biology syllabus of CBSE board is divided into four units where each unit comprises of several chapters. Let’s start with unit 1, that includes four sections.

Unit 1: Diversity in the Living World

Chapter 1: The Living World

The first chapter of NCERT books for class 11 biology begins with a wide range of living organisms present in this ecosystem. While explaining the definition of living things, this chapter also represents the ecological clash and cooperation among these members. Students can learn about various physiological systems that help living beings to sustain and carry forward their species. 

This chapter further encapsulates the prevailing diversity that is prominently visible in every part of the world, irrespective of weather and environment. Also, the taxonomic categories and taxonomical aids of these living organisms are explicitly described here.

Chapter 2: Biological Classification

Since the beginning of civilisation, humans tried to categorise the entire known living population for the sake of their uses like shelter, clothing, and food. Aristotle first attempted to classify them scientifically. He divided the plant kingdom into three classes – herbs, shrubs, and trees. Moreover, he also classified the animal kingdom into two sections – animals with red blood and the other which did not have.

This second chapter of 11th NCERT biology PDF deals with this scientific classification process and also explains five different classes like Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, and also about Viroid, Viruses, and Lichens. 

Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

From the previous topic, students have learned about the five classifications of the plant kingdom. In this chapter of class 11 biology book PDF, they can gather knowledge about Kingdom Plantae or plant kingdom and its further classifications. 

The entire plant kingdom is classified into five sections – Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. This chapter explains the typical characteristics of each of these plant classes and helps to understand the process of classification. Furthermore, students can also learn about different life cycles of plants and also their alteration of generation. Thus, students can achieve a firm base about plant kingdom, its taxonomy.

Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

The fourth chapter of NCERT class 11 biology book PDF deals with the Kingdom Animalia and a systemic classification process where all known members can be assigned to a class scientifically. The first half of this chapter explains what the basis of this classification system is.  The taxonomical factors include organisation levels, symmetry, triploblastic and diploblastic organisations, coelom, segmentation, and notochord.

Furthermore, the seconds part of this topic is about the classification of this kingdom on the basis of common fundamental physical features. These classifications are Phylum – Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata.

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals

From here, the second unit of the syllabus starts. This unit includes three consecutive chapters from five to seven.

Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology suggests the study of the external structure of various organisms. This fifth chapter of NCERT biology class 11 new edition PDF presents the structure of higher plants’ external parts, their importance, and working process as well. Previously, students have learnt the classification of plants based on their morphological and other distinct characteristics.

Here, all these morphological characteristics are described in a well-presented manner. In this chapter, students can study the root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed. Moreover, it also contains a description of common flowering plants and explains the typical characteristics of some vital plant families.

Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plant

Structural variations and similarities can be spotted easily by observing the living organism. However, anatomy is the study of internal structures and their functions. This sixth chapter of biology 11th NCERT PDF biology 11th NCERT PDF book provides a detailed description of functional organisation and internal structure of higher plants. 

In other words, this chapter teaches about the different types of tissues found in plant bodies, and tissue system based on the location. Anatomy of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are also elaborately described in this chapter. Moreover, students can get to know about two different growth of plants- primary and secondary growth.

Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animal

In this seventh chapter of class 11 biology NCERT book PDF, students can gather knowledge about multicellular and unicellular organisms of the animal kingdom. Unicellular organisms perform all of their life processes like respiration, reproduction, digestion, etc. with the help of a single cell. At the same time, multicellular organisms use various organs developed by different cells to perform different functions.

So, this chapter is all about various animal tissues, cells, organs and their systems, functions, etc. As an example, students can see the morphological and anatomical structure of earthworm, cockroach, and frog. All these three animals represent vertebrates and invertebrates. So, students can have an idea about animal structure by learning about these animals.

Unit 3: Cell: Structure and Function

Now, this CBSE class 11 biology book has come to another new unit. This unit has three chapters in it, and they are all about the function and structure of the cell.

Chapter 8: The Unit of Life

This chapter of biology 11 NCERT PDF starts with explaining that cell is the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are made of cell- it could be a single-celled or multiple-celled. After defining cell, this topic also concludes cell theory. This theory suggests that all living beings comprise of cell and cell products, and cells are created from prevailing cells.

It provides a detailed overview of the cell and the difference between plant cell and animal cell. Moreover, it also encapsulates various types of cells with examples like a red blood cell, white blood cells, columnar epithelial cells, nerve cells, mesophyll cells, etc. Lastly, this chapter closes with two major types of cells – prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their characteristics, functions, etc.

Chapter 9: Biomolecules

All living organisms in this biosphere are composed of different chemicals that are known as compounds and elements. The ninth chapter of NCERT 11 biology book PDF explains the process of analysing chemical compositions in living organisms. Biomolecules help to identify these compounds by synthesising, and these are called metabolites. This topic also provides elaborated knowledge about different metabolites.

Moving forward, students get to know about various biomolecules, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acid, etc. A detailed idea about protein structure, characters of bonds that link monomers in polymers, metabolism concept, etc. can also be derived from this topic. Importance of metabolism, various enzymes and their functions are also available here.

Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

This is the last chapter of this unit, where students learn about every aspect of the cell. This topic of NCERT books PDF class 11 biology speaks about a biological phenomenon that every living being starts with a single cell, and they gradually grow to be a multicellular organism. It describes how this process works and what is a cell cycle. 

Students can also study different phases of cell cycle like interphase, M phase, G1, S, and G2 phase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, etc. In the other part of this chapter, students can prepare cell divisions and its classifications. It explains two major process mitosis and meiosis and their significance, working process.

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

This is the start of unit four, that includes five chapters. This unit is all about plant physiology and its various aspects.

Chapter 11: Transport in Plants

This eleventh chapter of 11th NCERT biology book PDF starts with how water and other substance reach the topmost part of a tree or how they transport various element between cells. The transport system that plants use is demonstrated here. Moreover, the relation between plants and water and its importance can be learnt from chapter eleven. Also, students can know about long-distance water transport, and other nutrients and minerals are elaborated here.

Another process called transpiration is explained here with an example. Lastly, how trees use their phloem cell to perform their transport system from the source, can be understood easily by students.

Chapter 12: Mineral Nutrients

In this chapter of NCERT 11th biology book PDF, students can learn about various methods to study what all minerals plants need for their growth and living. With this study, they come to know about all the essential minerals that plants require. Moreover, this chapter also explains the mechanism with which plants absorb these essential elements.

This topic also helps students to understand the translocation process of solutes and the metabolism system of nitrogen. Furthermore, it also explains how soil works as the reservoir of these essential elements that plants absorb and transport to their different body parts and perform their physiological activities.

Chapter 13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

All students who study biology in class 11 know that photosynthesis is a biological process that helps plants to produce their food for a living. However, this chapter of class 11 NCERT biology PDF provides knowledge about it in more details.

Students can acquire information about the early experiments on photosynthesis, the place where it take place, the number of pigments involved in this process. Furthermore, information on light reaction, electron transport, usages of ATP and NADPH, the C4 pathway are also elaborately discussed in this chapter. In conclusion, students can also know about the factors that can affect this process.

Chapter 14: Respiration in Plants

This fourteenth chapter of NCERT PDF class 11 biology encapsulates another important physical activity of plants called respiration. The process of breathing is known as respiration in biology. This chapter provides various examples that prove all plants breathe to live. Also, this chapter explains how glycolysis and fermentation are related to respiration and what is their importance.

While moving with this topic, students can get to know about aerobic respiration, the balance sheet of respiration, a quotient of this process, an amphibolic pathway. So, after finishing this chapter, students must have a clear concept of the respiratory system of plants.

Chapter 15: Plant Growth and Development

Growth is one of the most common processes that can be found in all living beings. This chapter of the new NCERT biology class 11 PDF shows how metabolism affects growth, and also it explains various aspects of growth. These aspects include measurements of growth, its phases, rate and condition of growth. Dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, and differentiation; all these terms are also established with valid examples and information.

Now, in the second part of this chapter, the development of plants is discussed. Moreover, it also shows the differences between these two concepts as well. Students can gain information about all the regulators of growth, photoperiodism, and vernalisation of plants.

Unit 5: Human Physiology

This is the last unit of NCERT books for class 11 biology that encapsulates human physiology. This unit compounds of seven chapters. 

Chapter 16: Digestion and Absorption

Food suggests a fundamental requirement for all living beings. Living organisms require carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals and vitamins for their growth, developments, and survival. Through the digestive system, all these elements can be absorbed by living bodies.

This chapter gives a detailed overview of the human digestive system that comprises of the alimentary canal, digestive glands, and digestion process of foods. Afterwards, it highlights the process of absorption of digested foods. Moreover, this chapter also speaks about all the common disorders like jaundice, constipation, diarrhoea, etc. that are seen in humans.

Chapter 17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Biology students can learn about the various respiratory organs like lungs and breathing mechanism in this chapter of 11th NCERT biology book. This topic provides information about how the human body exchange gases, transport gases, and regulate this respiration process.

Lastly, it shows the disorders that are found in the human respiratory system like asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory diseases. 

Chapter 18: Body Fluid and Circulation

The human body transports all the required elements by a fluid called blood. In this chapter of biology class 11 NCERT PDF book, students can learn about the substances of blood like plasma, fluid matrix, and formed elements. It also gives information about different blood groups.

Another fluid in the form of tissue, lymph, is also described here. Moreover, students can also gather knowledge about the circulation pathway, the circulatory system of humans, and the cardiac cycle. Also, this chapter answers various questions about double circulation, cardiac activities, and circulatory disorders like high blood pressure, angina, heart failure, etc.

Chapter 19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

In the biology textbook for class XI, chapter nineteenth explains human’s excretory system. The procedure of urine formation, different functions of tubules, concentration mechanism of filtrate are also discussed in this topic.

Students can learn about kidney function and its regulations, importance of other organs in excretion. Moreover, they can also know about excretory disorders like uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, glomerulonephritis.

Chapter 20: Locomotion and Movement

Movement is a major characteristic of living organisms, and this chapter of NCERT biology class 11 PDF explains various types of movements found in humans. The number of muscles like skeletal, visceral, etc. that are related to movements also discussed here.

Students can find detailed information about the skeletal system and joints in this chapter, explaining how this system helps human to move and locomotion. Moreover, muscular and skeletal disorders like myasthenia, tetany, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, etc. are also briefed in this chapter. 

Chapter 21: Neural Control and Coordination

Human organs coordinate with each other to perform various body functions, and a neural system helps the body to coordinate. In this chapter of NCERT books for class 11 biology, students can acquire knowledge about human’s neural system and its functional and structural units. This chapter also encapsulates the central neural system of the human body and how this system controls most of the functions.

Students can also learn about reflex arc and action and sensory reception and transmitting process. 

Chapter 22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

This is the last chapter of NCERT biology class 11 PDF, and here biology students learn about different endocrine glands and hormones. Hormones work as intercellular transmitters that have no nutrient value. The human endocrine system shows its secretions, hormones, and their importance and functions. 

This chapter also provides information about hormones of gastrointestinal tract, heart and kidney. Lastly, the book closes with a mechanism behind the actions of these hormones.

Why NCERT Books Are Popular Among Both Students and Teacher?

NCERT books for class 11 biology has always been the first choice of students of CBSE board and also for those who are preparing for NEET. Moreover, teachers also recommend these books for various reasons.

• Straightforward Language

The primary reason why students prefer these books is their straightforward language. It makes it easier for them to understand the chapter without putting a lot of time and effort. The crisp writing style also helps students to cover this huge syllabus within the limited given time and to prepare for their exams more efficiently.

• Detailed Elaboration

NCERT books also come with a detailed elaboration of each topic. Therefore, students do not require to find too many reference books for the necessary information. Moreover, its elaborative manner is beneficial for students to explore their knowledge for future higher studies.  

• Diagram and Images

NCERT 11 biology PDF books provide all required diagram and images along with the writing, which makes these books interesting to students. Contrary to monotonous write-ups, visual contents make these books more understandable and engaging so students can conclude the topic quickly.

• Chapter-wise Questions

Each chapter of NCERT books ends with several questions that benefit students to assess how much they understood from the chapter. Also, these questions provide a general idea of the pattern of questions that may appear in their exams. 

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Vedantu is one of the fastest-growing platforms that provide the highest-quality e-learning facilities. We conduct multiple online classes for each subject where students can clear their doubts and learn NCERT books for class 11 biology in a better way. Our syllabus-oriented study materials can help you to prepare for your CBSE exam and NEET preparation together. 

Moreover, students can opt for our topic wise online mock tests to find out their weak links and prepare accordingly.

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