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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Excretory Products And Their Elimination

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Excretory Products and their Elimination

Chapter 19 Biology Class 11 NCERT Solutions can be extremely valuable during preparations for the Biology Board exams for Class 11th. These can also carry usefulness when completing your assessments and other projects. Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 CBSE NCERT Solutions have been created by some of the best teachers in India with an astounding level of experience and students don't need to worry about the credibility of the answers. Every answer is explained in detail for easy comprehension to help students aim for accurate performance and complete understanding of the concepts included in CH 19 Bio Class 11. 


Class:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11

Subject:

Class 11 Biology

Chapter Name:

Chapter 19 - Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Content-Type:

Text, Videos, Images and PDF Format

Academic Year:

2023-24

Medium:

English and Hindi

Available Materials:

Chapter Wise

Other Materials

  • Important Questions

  • Revision Notes


Excretory Products and their Elimination Chapter at a Glance - Class 11 NCERT Solutions


Excretory Products and their Elimination


Excretory Products and their Elimination

Competitive Exams after 12th Science

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Excretory Products and Their Elimination

1. Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Ans: The amount of glomerular filtrate which is formed by the kidneys in a minute is known as glomerular filtration rate, which is about 125ml per minute. 

It is used to check the amount of blood passing through the glomeruli.


2. Explain the Autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

Ans: The regulation of GFR through the kidney is autoregulatory and it is regulated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which is a microscopic structure located between the renal corpuscles and distal convoluted tubules of the same nephron.

GFR helps in the regulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Fall in GFR activates juxtaglomerular cells which releases renin. By the renin-angiotensin mechanism, the reabsorption of sodium and water takes place with increased blood pressure which brings GFR back to normal.


3. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:

  1. Micturition is carried out by a reflex.

  2. ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.

  3. Protein–free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule. Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.

  4. Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

 Ans:

  1. Micturition is carried out by neutral mechanisms which cause contraction of smooth muscles and relaxation of the urethral sphincter which is known as micturition reflex therefore the given statement is True.

  2. ADH release takes place when an excessive fluid loss takes place from the body. This ADH helps in water reabsorption and also prevents diuresis. Therefore the given statement is False.

  3. The blood plasma with proteins passes through the lumen of Bowman's capsule whereas the rest of the plasma without proteins passes through the membrane of Bowman's capsule, therefore the given statement is true. The important part of the nephron is the Henle's loop as it helps in maintaining the ionic balance of fluid and also in concentrating the urine therefore the given statement is true.

  4. The proximal convoluted tubule has a large surface area for reabsorption of nutrients, water, and minerals therefore the given statement is True.


4. Give a brief account of the countercurrent mechanism.

Ans: The Henle's loop and vasa recta help in the concentration of filtrate through counter current mechanism because the limbs of Henle's loop carry filtrate and the limb of vasa recta carry blood in opposite directions.

  • The counter-current between the Vasa recta and Henle loops helps in maintaining the osmolarity from 300 mOsmol per liter in the cortex to 1200 mOsmol per liter in the inner medulla.

  • The NaCl in the ascending loop of Henle's gets exchanged with the descending loop of the vasa recta and then after getting returned into the interstitium by the vasa recta through its ascending portion.

  • The transportation of urea takes place through collecting tubules to the interstitium.

  • The production of urine takes place four times more concentrated than initial filtrate in humans.

Counter-Current mechanism in Loop of Henle


5. Describe the role of the liver, lungs, and skin in excretion.

Ans: Liver is one of the most important organs of our body as it helps in passing out digestive wastes along with other substances like bilirubin, biliverdin, vitamins, etc.

Lungs carry gases from the atmosphere to the inside and remove carbon dioxide from the body with small quantities of water with them.

The skin consists of both the sweat gland and sebaceous gland which help in the excretion of sweat in the form of watery fluid with NaCl along with urea and lactic acids. The sebaceous gland helps in the excretion of sterols, hydrocarbons, and waxes.


6. Explain micturition.

Ans: The excretion of urine from the urinary bladder by contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder is known as micturition.

When urine accumulates in the urinary bladder, a voluntary signal passes out from the CNS  which leads to the excretion of urine.

Accumulation of urine leads to the passage of signals from stretch receptors to CNS by which the motor neuron initiates the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle and release of urine.

On average a healthy adult can excrete 1 to 1.5 liters of urine per day.


7. Match the items of Column I with those of column II:

Column I

Column II

(a)

Ammonotelism

(i)

Birds

(b)

Bowman’s capsule

(ii)

Water reabsorption

(c)

Micturition

(iii)

Bony fish

(d)

Uricotelism

(iv)

Urinary bladder

(e)

ADH

(v)

Renal tubule

Ans:

(a) Ammonotelism is a process where the excretion of ammonia takes place. It takes place mainly in aquatic animals like amphibians, bony fishes, and insects.

(b) Bowman's capsule is the part of the renal tubule which encloses the glomerules.

(c) Micturition is the process of passage of urine from the urinary bladder.

(d) Uricotelism is the process where the release of uric acid takes place to prevent water loss from the body. Examples are birds, reptiles, insects, etc.

(e) ADH helps in water reabsorption and it releases when excess loss of water takes place from the body.


8. What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

Ans: The regulation of optimum temperatures of waters and salts in tissues and body fluids is known as osmoregulation. It helps to maintain the internal temperature of the body by balancing the water- ionic concentration.


9. Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why?

Ans: The main reasons behind the terrestrial animals being ureotelic and uricotelic is as follows:

  • Due to the high toxicity of ammonia, the body of terrestrial animals converts it into less toxic forms like urea and uric acid.

  • Terrestrial animals conserve water to regulate the body temperature and ammonia is water-soluble, so to resist the continuous elimination of water it gets converted into less water-soluble urea and uric acid. 


10. What is the significance of juxtaglomerular apparatus(JGA) in kidney function?

Ans: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is formed by modifying the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arteriole.

  • It is located where the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule (DLT) come in contact.

  • It contains juxtaglomerular cells which are the specialized cells of the arteriole and also contain an enzyme that regulates blood pressure and this enzyme is called renin. 

  • Fall in glomerular filtration rate activates the juxtaglomerular cell which causes the release of renin. Renin stimulates the glomerular blood flow by which the glomerular filtration rate comes to normal.

  • Angiotensin gets converted into Angiotensin I with the help of renin and further conversion into  Angiotensin II takes place. Angiotensin II increases the glomerular filtration rate by an increase in glomerular blood pressure. It also releases aldosterone by activating the adrenal cortex. The mechanism of renin and angiotensin is known as the Renin-Angiotensin mechanism.


Renin-Angiotensin mechanism


11. Name the following:

  1. A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures.

  2. Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney.

  3. A loop of capillary running parallel to Henle’s loop.

Ans:

  1. The flame cell is a specialized cell that helps in osmoregulation and excretion and it is present in the amphioxus which is an example of Cephalochordata.

  2. The columns of Bertini are the cortical portion that projects between the medullary 

  3. Vasa recta are the loop of capillaries that runs parallel to the loop of Henle's.


12. Fill in the gaps

(1) Ascending limb of  Henle's loop is ________________ to water whereas the descending limb is _____________ to it.

(2) Reabsorption of water from the distal part of the tubules is facilitated by hormone_______________.

(3) Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except ______________.

(4) A healthy adult human excretes an average ___________ gm of urea per day.

Ans: (1) Impermeable, Permeable

(2) Vasopressin

(3) The nitrogenous waste

(4) 25-30


NCERT Solutions for Biology Chapter 19 Class 11th - Free PDF Download

There is a very high level of competition in regards to Biology as a career option for students aiming to opt for NEET and other Engineering and Medical Entrance Exams. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 strives to ensure that students get to completely understand and utilize the concepts towards securing high marks in their CBSE Board as well as entrance exams. Chapter 19 Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions have been prepared by giving due regards to the guidelines set by CBSE and provide set by step instructions ensuring accuracy.  The NCERT Solutions of Chapter 19 Biology Class 11 pdf contains answers to every question provided in the NCERT textbook.


NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Excretory Products and their Elimination

Excretory Products and their Elimination Class 11 belong to the unit 5 - Human Physiology included in the CBSE mandated NCERT textbook for Biology Class 11th. This chapter will help students in understanding the various mechanisms encompassing the elimination of certain substances such as carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, uric acid, phosphate, sulphate and many others that get accumulated in our bodies due to metabolic activities or other processes like too much ingestion.

Excretory Products and their Elimination Class 11 entails the various processes of Urine formation, Functioning of kidneys, Filtrate Concentration, Introduction to many other organs that take part in the process of excretion, and disorders related to this process. 

Moreover, the introduction of excretion as a process in different animals, subsequent structural information and location of organs, disorders such as kidney stones, uremia, kidney failures, etc. are so.e of the other main topics that are explained in this chapter with adequate details. 

All of the aforementioned concepts and topics have been completely covered by the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination as per the latest version of the NCERT Class 11 Biology textbook. These include diagrams, charts and simple content to aid you in fully understanding the topics that are covered in this chapter.


NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Weightage Marks

The Ch - 19 Excretory Products and their Elimination is part of unit 5 of Class 11th Biology textbook which is a combination of seven chapters respectively. This unto comes for approximately 18 marks in the Final board exam which is about 25% of the total syllabus. This unit is also included in the NEET entrance exam and consists of 20% of the total grade. Students should pay maximum attention to NCERT textbooks and the Class 11 Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination NCERT Solutions along with last year"s question papers towards gaining a better hold of the concepts.


Following the Topics that are Covered Under Ch 19 Bio Class 11:

  • The Human Excretory System

  • Formation of Urine

  • The functioning of the tubules

  • Means of concentration of Filtrate

  • Kidney Function regulation

  • Micturition

  • Other organs forming participation in the process of Excretion

  • Disorders related to the process of Excretion and the Excretory system


Benefits of CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 NCERT Solutions help students in completely understanding the various topics towards obtaining good grades and maintaining future career options. Following are some of the key benefits of the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter Excretory Products and their Elimination:

  • The language used in these solutions is lucid and easy to understand. Students can aim at improving performance and evaluating their preparations.

  • NCERT Solutions are prepared with due diligence to the NCERT textbook and can be considered to be one of the best resources for students.

  • These solutions are prepared by some of the most knowledgeable professors and other academic professionals.

  • The students can utilize these solutions towards using most of their potential with chief regards to final Class 11 exams.

  • These solutions are designed to help students answer variegated kinds of problems smartly.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Excretory Products And Their Elimination

1. What is Meant by Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Self-regulatory System?

Kidneys direct the glomerular filtration rate through the instrument which is auto administrative. It includes the activity of the juxtaglomerular mechanical assembly, which is an infinitesimal structure present between the returning distal tangled tubule and vascular post of the renal corpuscle of a similar nephron. It directs the glomerular filtration rate and renal bloodstream. At the point when the glomerular filtration rate decreases, the juxtaglomerular cells are enacted for the arrival of renin. This triggers the glomerular bloodstream making the GFR return to typical. Renin makes GFR return to regularity by enacting the renin-angiotensin system.

2. What Does Micturition Mean? What is the Amount of Urine Excreted by Humans Per Day?

Micturition is the cycle by which the urine from the urinary bladder is discharged. As the urine collects, the solid dividers of the bladder extend. The dividers invigorate the tactile nerves in the bladder, setting up a reflex activity. This reflex animates the desire to pass out the urine. To release it, the urethral sphincter unwinds and the smooth muscles of the bladder contract. This powers the urine out from the bladder. A grown-up human discharges around 1 – 1.5 liters of urine every day.

3. Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a test to know how the kidneys are functioning. This will measure the level of creatinine in the blood. The results are further used in the formula to calculate a number that indicates the function of the kidney. This is called the estimated GFR or eGFR.

4. Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.

Glomerular Filtration Rate is regulated by the kidneys, which are autoregulatory. The apparatus used is juxtaglomerular. The glomerular filtration rate and the renal blood flow is regulated by this. When the glomerular filtration rate is declined, the release of renin takes place with the activation of the juxtaglomerular cell. This helps in triggering the glomerular blood flow, which causes GFR to be normal. The GFR comes to normal because of the ronin, which activates the angiotensin mechanism.

5. Why should I learn Chapter 19 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology thoroughly?

Chapter 19 for Class 11 Biology from NCERT Solutions is very useful. They are formatted in an organized manner. The solutions are easy to understand. If the preparation from NCERT Solutions is done thoroughly, it is very easy to score marks and also, the NCERT is very useful in the preparation of competitive exams.

6. Do the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 provide accurate answers?

Yes, Chapter 19 for Class 11 Biology from NCERT Solution provides accurate answers. These are easy to understand, and practicing these answers will help students to know the correct way of writing the answers. The extra questions and the MCQs help you prepare the subject in the best possible way. This is the best guide, and one can rely upon it with full confidence. The notes are useful and precise, especially at the time of revision. The solutions are available for free on the Vedantu website as well as the Vedantu Mobile app.

7. Explain the role of lungs in excretion from Chapter 19 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology.

In Chapter 19 for Class 11 Biology from NCERT Solution, the lungs help in expelling carbon dioxide. The elimination of carbon dioxide is approximately 200ml per minute. Along with carbon dioxide, even water is eliminated in the form of vapor. The loss of water is increased in colder conditions and decreases in humid conditions. During this process of elimination, many volatile materials also get eliminated.