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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Excretory Products and Their Elimination

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 PDF (FREE Download)

Unlock the comprehensive study with Vedantu through NCERT Solutions for Biology Chapter 14, Excretory Products and Their Elimination. This gives access to the excretion and elimination class 11 NCERT PDF. Students will learn about the inside topics such as human excretion, urine formation, disorders, renal tubules, micturition, etc.

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Table of Content
1. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 PDF (FREE Download)
2. Glance on Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Excretory Products and their Elimination
3. Access NCERT Solutions for Biology Class 11 Excretory Products and their Elimination
4. Chapter 16 Class 11 Excretory Products and their Elimination: Quick Overview of the Topics Covered
5. Benefits of NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Questions and Answers
6. Study Materials for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16
7. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology FREE PDF | Other Chapter-wise Links
8. Related Important Links for Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions
FAQs


From Chapter 16, Excretory Products And Their Elimination NCERT PDF, students gain comprehensive insights into the core concepts with a focus on clarity and depth. Chapter 14, Excretory products and their elimination questions and answers, are designed by Vedantu Experts and are updated with the revised class 11 biology syllabus.


Glance on Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Excretory Products and their Elimination

  • Unravel the concepts with the NCERT solutions for Biology Chapter 14, Excretory Products and Their Elimination.

  • Detailed explanations for all the questions about excretory products and their elimination are provided in an NCERT PDF packed with clear concepts. 

  • This chapter deals with the mechanisms of human excretion, urine formation, functions of tubules, etc. It is designed for Chapter 16, excretion and elimination class 11.

  • The complex topics, such as mechanisms encompassing the elimination of certain substances, such as carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, uric acid, phosphate, and sulphate, that accumulate in our bodies are explained easily.

  • Excretory Products and their Elimination Class 11 entails the various processes of Urine formation, Functioning of kidneys, Filtrate Concentration, Introduction to organs that take part in the process of excretion, and disorders related to this process. 

  • Moreover, the introduction of excretion as a process in different animals, subsequent structural information and location of organs, and disorders such as kidney stones, uremia, kidney failures, etc, are covered in this chapter.

  • Solving biology questions about excretory products and their elimination NCERT helps students sharpen their skills and gain a deeper understanding.

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Access NCERT Solutions for Biology Class 11 Excretory Products and their Elimination

1. Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Ans: The amount of glomerular filtrate which is formed by the kidneys in a minute is known as glomerular filtration rate, which is about 125ml per minute. 

It is used to check the amount of blood passing through the glomeruli.


2. Explain the Autoregulatory mechanism of GFR. 

Ans: The regulation of GFR through the kidney is autoregulatory and it is regulated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which is a microscopic structure located between the renal corpuscles and distal convoluted tubules of the same nephron.

  • GFR helps regulate renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Fall in GFR activates juxtaglomerular cells which releases renin. 

  • By the renin-angiotensin mechanism, the reabsorption of sodium and water takes place with increased blood pressure which brings GFR back to normal.


3. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:

  1. Micturition is carried out by a reflex.

  2. ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.

  3. Protein–free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule. Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.

  4. Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

 Ans:

  1. Micturition is carried out by neutral mechanisms which cause contraction of smooth muscles and relaxation of the urethral sphincter which is known as micturition reflex therefore the given statement is True.

  2. ADH release takes place when an excessive fluid loss takes place from the body. This ADH helps in water reabsorption and also prevents diuresis. Therefore the given statement is False.

  3. The blood plasma with proteins passes through the lumen of Bowman's capsule whereas the rest of the plasma without proteins passes through the membrane of Bowman's capsule, therefore the given statement is true. The important part of the nephron is the Henle's loop as it helps in maintaining the ionic balance of fluid and also in concentrating the urine therefore the given statement is true.

  4. The proximal convoluted tubule has a large surface area for reabsorption of nutrients, water, and minerals therefore the given statement is True.


4. Give a brief account of the countercurrent mechanism.

Ans: The Henle's loop and vasa recta help in the concentration of filtrate through counter current mechanism because the limbs of Henle's loop carry filtrate and the limb of vasa recta carry blood in opposite directions.

  • The counter-current between the Vasa recta and Henle loops helps in maintaining the osmolarity from 300 mOsmol per liter in the cortex to 1200 mOsmol per liter in the inner medulla.

  • The NaCl in the ascending loop of Henle's gets exchanged with the descending loop of the vasa recta and then after getting returned into the interstitium by the vasa recta through its ascending portion.

  • The transportation of urea takes place through collecting tubules to the interstitium.

  • The production of urine takes place four times more concentrated than initial filtrate in humans. 


Counter-Current mechanism in Loop of Henle


5. Describe the role of the liver, lungs, and skin in excretion.

Ans: Liver:

  • Liver is one of the most important organs of our body as it helps in passing out digestive wastes along with other substances like bilirubin, biliverdin, vitamins, etc.

  • Dead erythrocytes possess hemoglobin which is also disintegrated into bile pigments and carries substances to the intestine for elimination.


Lungs:

  • Lungs carry gases from the atmosphere to the inside and remove carbon dioxide from the body with small quantities of water with them.

  • Responsible for the elimination of water in the form of water vapors.

  • Several volatile substances are also eliminated during the process of expiration.


Skin:

  • The skin consists of both the sweat gland and sebaceous gland which help in the excretion of sweat in the form of watery fluid with NaCl along with urea and lactic acids. 

  • The sebaceous gland helps in the excretion of sterols, hydrocarbons, and waxes and sebum provides a protective oily covering.


6. Explain micturition.

Ans: The excretion of urine from the urinary bladder by contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder is known as micturition. When urine accumulates in the urinary bladder, a voluntary signal passes out from the CNS  which leads to the excretion of urine.

Accumulation of urine leads to the passage of signals from stretch receptors to CNS by which the motor neuron initiates the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle and release of urine.

On average a healthy adult can excrete 1 to 1.5 liters of urine per day.


7. Match the items of Column I with those of column II:


Column I

Column II

(a)

Ammonotelism

(i)

Birds

(b)

Bowman’s capsule

(ii)

Water reabsorption

(c)

Micturition

(iii)

Bony fish

(d)

Uricotelism

(iv)

Urinary bladder

(e)

ADH

(v)

Renal tubule


Ans:


Column I

Column II

Ammonotelism

Bony fish

Bowman’s capsule

Renal tubule

Micturition

Urinary bladder

Uricotelism

Birds

ADH

Water reabsorption


8. What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

Ans: The regulation of optimum temperatures of waters and salts in tissues and body fluids is known as osmoregulation. It helps to maintain the internal temperature of the body by balancing the water- ionic concentration.


9. Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why?

Ans: The main reasons behind the terrestrial animals being ureotelic and uricotelic is as follows:

  • Due to the high toxicity of ammonia, the body of terrestrial animals converts it into less toxic forms like urea and uric acid.

  • Terrestrial animals conserve water to regulate the body temperature and ammonia is water-soluble, so to resist the continuous elimination of water it gets converted into less water-soluble urea and uric acid. 


10. What is the significance of juxtaglomerular apparatus(JGA) in kidney function?

Ans: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is formed by modifying the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arteriole.

  • It is located where the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule (DLT) come in contact.

  • It contains juxtaglomerular cells which are the specialized cells of the arteriole and also contain an enzyme that regulates blood pressure and this enzyme is called renin. 

  • Fall in glomerular filtration rate activates the juxtaglomerular cell which causes the release of renin. Renin stimulates the glomerular blood flow by which the glomerular filtration rate comes to normal.

  • Angiotensin gets converted into Angiotensin I with the help of renin and further conversion into  Angiotensin II takes place. Angiotensin II increases the glomerular filtration rate by an increase in glomerular blood pressure. It also releases aldosterone by activating the adrenal cortex. The mechanism of renin and angiotensin is known as the Renin-Angiotensin mechanism.


Renin-Angiotensin mechanism


11. Name the following:

  1. A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures.

  2. Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney.

  3. A loop of capillary running parallel to Henle’s loop.

Ans:

  1. The flame cell is a specialized cell that helps in osmoregulation and excretion and it is present in the amphioxus which is an example of Cephalochordata.

  2. The columns of Bertini are the cortical portion that projects between the medullary 

  3. Vasa recta is the loop of capillaries that runs parallel to the loop of Henle's.


12. Fill in the gaps

(1) Ascending limb of  Henle's loop is ________________ to water whereas the descending limb is _____________ to it.

(2) Reabsorption of water from the distal part of the tubules is facilitated by hormone_______________.

(3) Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except ______________.

(4) A healthy adult human excretes an average ___________ gm of urea per day.

Ans: (1) Impermeable, Permeable

(2) Vasopressin

(3) The nitrogenous waste

(4) 25-30


Chapter 16 Class 11 Excretory Products and their Elimination: Quick Overview of the Topics Covered

S. No

Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Topics

1

Human Excretion

2

Urine Formation

3

Function of the tubules

4

Mechanism of the Concentration of the Filtrate

5

Regulation of Kidney Function

6

Micturition

7

Role of the Organs in Excretion

8

Disorders of the Excretory System


Benefits of NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Questions and Answers

Following are some of the key benefits of the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter Excretory Products and their Elimination:


  • The language used in these solutions is lucid and easy to understand. Students can aim at improving performance and evaluating their preparations.

  • NCERT Solutions is prepared with due diligence regarding the NCERT textbook and can be considered one of the best student resources.

  • Excretory Products and their Elimination Class 11 entails the various processes of Urine formation, Functioning of kidneys, and Filtrate Concentration.

  • Introduction to organs that take part in the process of excretion and disorders related to this process are discussed Concisely in the chapter.

  • Mechanisms like the Excretion process are explained well in the Diagram, with detailed information. 

  • These NCERT Solutions are prepared by some of the most knowledgeable professors and other academic professionals.

  • The students can utilise these solutions to use most of their potential with chief regard to final Class 11 exams.


Study Materials for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16


Conclusion 

Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Excretory Products and their Elimination NCERT are invaluable resources for students studying the topic in-depth. Chapter 16 NCERT PDF focuses on excretion, covering various aspects of excretory products, mechanisms, and their elimination. The solutions provide accurate answers and offer additional explanations, examples, and relevant diagrams to facilitate better comprehension of the subject matter and effectively prepare students for board exams.


NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology FREE PDF | Other Chapter-wise Links

Below are the other chapter-wise Links for the Solutions for Biology NCERT Class 11. 



Related Important Links for Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Excretory Products and Their Elimination

1. What is Meant by the Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Self-regulatory System?

Kidneys direct the glomerular filtration rate through the instrument which is auto administrative. It includes the activity of the juxtaglomerular mechanical assembly, which is an infinitesimal structure present between the returning distal tangled tubule and vascular post of the renal corpuscle of a similar nephron. It directs the glomerular filtration rate and renal bloodstream. At the point when the glomerular filtration rate decreases, the juxtaglomerular cells are enacted for the arrival of renin. This triggers the glomerular bloodstream making the GFR return to typical. Renin makes GFR return to regularity by enacting the renin-angiotensin system.

2. What Does Micturition Mean? What is the Amount of Urine Excreted by Humans Per Day?

Micturition is the cycle by which the urine from the urinary bladder is discharged. As the urine collects, the solid dividers of the bladder extend. The dividers invigorate the tactile nerves in the bladder, setting up a reflex activity. This reflex animates the desire to pass out the urine. To release it, the urethral sphincter unwinds, and the smooth muscles of the bladder contract. This powers the urine out of the bladder. A grown-up human discharges around 1 – 1.5 liters of urine every day. Refer to the NCERT solutions and download excretory products and their elimination NCERT PDF to learn more about the chapter.

3. Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) from Excretion and Elimination Class 11

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a test to know how the kidneys are functioning. This will measure the level of creatinine in the blood. The results are further used in the formula to calculate a number that indicates the function of the kidney. This is called the estimated GFR or eGFR.

4. Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR given in excretory products and their elimination NCERT.

Glomerular Filtration Rate is regulated by the kidneys, which are autoregulatory. The apparatus used is juxtaglomerular. The glomerular filtration rate and the renal blood flow is regulated by this. When the glomerular filtration rate is declined, the release of renin takes place with the activation of the juxtaglomerular cell. This helps in triggering the glomerular blood flow, which causes GFR to be normal. The GFR comes to normal because of the ronin, which activates the angiotensin mechanism.

5. Why should I thoroughly learn Biology Chapter 16 Class 11 excretory products and their elimination?

Chapter 16 for Class 11 Biology from NCERT Solutions is very useful. They are formatted in an organized manner. The solutions are easy to understand. If the preparation from NCERT Solutions is done thoroughly, it is very easy to score marks and also, the NCERT is very useful in the preparation of competitive exams.

6. Do the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 provide accurate answers?

Yes, Chapter 16 for Class 11 Biology from NCERT Solution provides accurate answers. These are easy to understand, and practicing these answers will help students to know the correct way of writing the answers. The extra questions and the MCQs help you prepare the subject in the best possible way. This is the best guide, and one can rely upon it with full confidence. The notes are useful and precise, especially at the time of revision. The solutions are available for free on the Vedantu website as well as the Vedantu Mobile app.

7. Explain the role of lungs in excretion from Chapter 16 of excretory products and their elimination questions and answers.

In Chapter 16 for Class 11 Biology from NCERT Solution, the lungs help in expelling carbon dioxide. The elimination of carbon dioxide is approximately 200ml per minute. Along with carbon dioxide, even water is eliminated in the form of vapor. The loss of water is increased in colder conditions and decreases in humid conditions. During this process of elimination, many volatile materials also get eliminated.

8. What is the main excretory product of a human being?

The main excretory product in humans is urea due to the breakdown of proteins and excretion via urine. To get more details about the excretion process, students can refer to the solutions for Class 11 Chapter 16 excretory products and their elimination NCERT provided by Vedantu.

9. What are the end products of excretion?

The end products of excretion are:

  • Urea 

  • CO2

  • Water

  • Uric Acid

  • Creatinine

Download and refer to excretory products and their elimination NCERT PDF to get all the answers to the questions.

10. How does excretion take place in humans?

The process of excretion in humans involves several mechanisms, such as:

  • Cellular waste production

  • Liver’s detoxification

  • Blood transport

  • Kidney Filtration

  • Urine formation

  • Urine elimination

  • Gas exchange in the lungs

  • Digestive waste elimination

  • Sweat production and elimination

Students can get free access to all the questions related to class 11 excretory products and their elimination to prepare for their board exams.

11. Which organ is the chief excretory organ in the human body?

The chief organ for excretion in the human body is the kidney. The several functions of the kidneys include:

  • Blood filtration

  • Urine formation

  • Regulation of blood composition

  • Waste product elimination

12. Why is elimination important?

Excretion and Elimination Class 11 explains the importance of excretion and elimination. The main points include:

  • Waste removal

  • Homeostasis

  • Digestion and absorption

  • Toxin removal

  • Disease prevention

  • Overall well-being

13. What are the four functions of the excretory system?

The major functions of the excretory system described in Chapter 16 excretory products and their elimination NCERT are as follows:

  • Removal of metabolic wastes such as urea, CO2

  • Elimination of excess water

  • Osmoregulation

  • Maintaining homeostasis