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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 - Transport In Plants

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Last updated date: 29th Mar 2024
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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 - Transport in Plants

The chapter is going to help students understand the concept in a more informative way. It is going to make them understand the transport process that takes place in plants. It includes basic knowledge about the infrastructure of the cell and the anatomy of the plant body. When someone studies the topic in more depth, they will discover various topics such as means of transport, relations of plants and water, etc. It also covers diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, active transportation, and concept of Osmosis, plasmolysis, and imbibition of plants.


Class:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11

Subject:

Class 11 Biology

Chapter Name:

Chapter 11 - Transport In Plants

Content-Type:

Text, Videos, Images and PDF Format

Academic Year:

2023-24

Medium:

English and Hindi

Available Materials:

Chapter Wise

Other Materials

  • Important Questions

  • Revision Notes


The procedure of movement of water from all its parts. Transpiration and photosynthesis are a compromise that includes uptake of mineral Ions, translocation of various mineral Ions, and the pressure-flow or mass flow hypothesis.

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Transport in Plants Chapter at a Glance - Class 11 NCERT Solutions


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Transport in Plants

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Study Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Transport in Plants

Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. What happens when a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is applied to pure water or a solution?

Ans: 

(1) Increase in water potential takes place when a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is applied to pure water or a solution.

(2) Diffusion of water takes place when pressure builds up inside the cell against the cell wall, this is known as pressure potential.


2. How is the mycorrhizal association helpful in the absorption of water and minerals in plants?

Ans: 

(1) The symbiotic association of fungi with the root systems is called mycorrhiza. The fungal hyphae form a network around the round which helps increase the surface area.

(2) Increase in surface area due to fungal hyphae increases the absorption of water and minerals through the soil. 


Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

1. What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion?

Ans: Factors that affect the rate of diffusion are:

(1) The Gradient of concentration: Rate of diffusion affected by gradient of concentration in a positive manner like with increases in the rate of diffusion concentration gradient increases across the barrier. 

(2) Permeability of membrane: Permeability of membrane increases with an increase in Rate of diffusion which helps in diffusion of substance inside the cell

(3) Temperature: With the increase in temperature rate of diffusion increases because high temperature makes cells more permeable.

(4) Pressure: In a cell diffusion takes place from high partial pressure to low partial pressure therefore pressure also affects the rate of diffusion.


2. What are porins? What role do they play in diffusion?

Ans: Porins are proteins present on the outer membrane of cells and they form huge holes or pores in the outer membrane. It is present in plastids, mitochondria and some bacteria.

Porins help in diffusion of substances passively, it allows small protein molecules to move across membranes.


3. Describe the role played by protein pumps during active transport in plants.

Ans: 

(1) Protein pump uses energy against a concentration gradient to pump the molecule inside the plant cell. It is specific to carrying the substances across the membrane. 

(2) It is made up of specific types of proteins which are called transmembrane proteins. These proteins transport substances across the membrane by deriving energy from ATP. By this, after entering into the cytoplasm the protein complex gets dissociated to produce the specific substance.


4. Explain why pure water has the maximum water potential?

Ans:

(1) Water potential helps to understand the concept of water movement. Water potential is denoted by the symbol ψ (psi).

(2) Water molecules are rapid and constant in the liquid and gaseous state due to this it possesses kinetic energy.

(3) Water potential is directly proportional to both kinetic energy and concentration of water, hence when there is high water concentration the water potential and kinetic energy will be high.

(4) Pure water has a high concentration of water therefore its water potential is maximum.


5. Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?

Ans: 

(1) Water potential is the concept of water movement from one area to another. It takes place via Osmosis, mechanical pressure, gravity etc. It is denoted by the symbol ψ (psi) and expressed in Pascal. Pure water does not have any type of impurities therefore its water potential and kinetic energy is high.

(2) Factors affecting the water potential are solute potential and pressure potential. At atmospheric pressure, the solute potential and water potential are the same. The Turgidity of plants increases the pressure potential.


6. 

(1) With the help of well-labelled diagrams, describe the process of plasmolysis in plants, giving appropriate examples.

Ans: 

Plasmolysis: Movement of water takes place outside the cell which causes shrinking of cell cytoplasm away from its cell wall. The hypertonic solution causes the shrinkage of cell cytoplasm because to make the solution normal the water moves out of the cell. This process can be observed if we sprinkle salt over the cut raw onion.

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(2) Explain what will happen to a plant cell if it is kept in a solution having higher water potential.

Ans: Higher water potential inside the cell builds up the pressure in the cytoplasm of the cell against the cell wall. This is called turgor pressure. This pressure causes an increase in the size of the cell, but the rigidity of the cell wall prevents it from bursting due to this cell swell.


7. Explain why xylem transport is unidirectional and phloem transport bi-directional.

Ans: 

(1) The movement of water and minerals takes place by Xylem by capillary action to all parts of the plant. Utilization of this water takes place in photosynthesis and the rest of them are released via transpiration. This causes an increase in the demand for water, by this, the transportation of water takes place in the unidirectional flow.

(2) Transportation of food from source to sink takes place by phloem. This food stores in leaves because leaves carry out photosynthesis. This source and sink sometimes get changes which cause reverse flow of food due to this the phloem transports is bi-directional.


8. What role does root pressure play in water movement in plants?

Ans: 

(1) Due to active absorption of the nutrients from the soil, root pressure develops the positive pressure which causes uptake of water from the soil via root.

(2) Transpiration pull maintains the movement of water in a continuous chain-like fashion from root to the shoot.


9. What essential roles do the root epidermis play during mineral absorption in plants?

Ans: The plasma membrane-embedded with a transport protein in root endodermis, which allows the movement of various solutes in appropriate quantities to the xylem.

Absorption of minerals takes place by epidermal cells. The suberin layer in the root endodermis allows the active transport unidirectionally.


Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

1. Discuss the factors responsible for the ascent of xylem sap in plants.

Ans: The factors responsible for the ascent of xylem sap are: 

(1) Cohesion - It is the mutual attraction between water molecules that causes upward movement of water.

(2) Surface Tension - It causes the attraction of water molecules. Due to this the surface tension increases causing the high capillarity of water. It is more in water in a liquid state than in a gaseous state.

(3) Adhesion - It is the attraction of water molecules to polar molecules like the teachers' elements.

All these factors cause high tensile strength and high capillarity. 


2. Describe the transpiration pull model of water transport in plants. What are the factors influencing transpiration? How is it useful to plants?

Ans: 

(1) The process of loss of water from the aerial part of the plant is known as transpiration. It causes suction force in the xylem which is known as transpiration pull. This transportation of water from the xylem to the aerial part of the plant is also known as the cohesion-tension model of water transport.

(2) The factors which influence transpiration are temperature, speed, humidity, wind, number of stomata, distribution of stomata, canopy structure, etc.

(3) Transpiration helps in the transportation of water and minerals to other parts of plants, due to continuous water transport the temperature inside the plant was maintained. It also helps to keep the turgidity of the cell.


Long Answer Questions (5  Marks)

1. Explain the pressure-flow hypothesis of translocation of sugars in plants.

Ans: 

(1) As per the pressure-flow hypothesis, the preparation of food takes place inside the plant in the form of glucose.

(2) The prepared food is converted into sucrose before transporting it to the source cell

(3) Hydrostatic pressure increases due to the movement of water into adjacent phloem. 

(4) Movement of sucrose takes place through the phloem sieve cells. 

(5) The sucrose which is already present in the sink region is converted into starch or cellulose, which reduces the hydrostatic pressure in the sink cells. Hence, due to the difference in pressure between the source and sink translocation of sugar takes place from one place to another and removal of sucrose takes place by active transport.


2. What causes the opening and closing of the guard cell of the stomata during transpiration?

Ans: 

(1) The exchange of gases in leaves takes place through the pores present which is known as stomata.

(2) Each stoma consists of a bean-shaped guard cell which is thick and elastic to the inner side.

(3) Change in the turgidity of the guard cell causes the opening and closing of stomata.

(4) Increase in turgidity causes the bulging of guard cells due to this the stomatal pore gets open due to the radial arrangement of microfibrils.

(5) When the stomata lose their turgidity the pores get close and the stomata retain their original shape and the microfibrillar get arranged longitudinally.


Very Long Answer Questions (12 Marks) 

1. Differentiate Between the Following:

1. Diffusion and Osmosis

S.No

Diffusion

Osmosis

1.

This substance moves from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.

In this water and substances in solution move from the region of high concentration to the region of low concentration.

2.

Movement does not occur against the concentration gradient.

Movement occurs against the concentration gradient in the case of solute.

3.

A semipermeable membrane is not required because transportation takes place through intercellular space.

It takes place through a semipermeable membrane because a semipermeable membrane only allows a solute particle to pass through it.


2. Transpiration and Evaporation

S. No

Transpiration

Evaporation

1.

Loss of water takes place through the aerial part of the plant.

Loss of water takes place from any free surface of the plant.

2.

It is a type of both physical and physiological process.

It is only a type of physical process.


3. Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential

S. No

Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic Potential

1.

It is the pressure required to stop the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.

It allows the movement of water from the region of high water solution to the region of low water solution.

2.

It increases with an increase in

the concentration of solute particles.

It decreases with increase in

the concentration of solute particles.

3.

It is a positive pressure applied. 

It is negative to osmotic pressure applied.


4. Imbibition and Diffusion

S. No

Imbibition

Diffusion

1.

It is a type of diffusion in which absorption of water takes place by solids and colloids, which cause an increase in the volumes of solid. For example, Absorption of water through dry seeds.

It is the movement of ions and particles along the concentration gradient from intercellular parts of plants.

2.

The movement of water molecules takes place inside the solid or colloidal particles.

It allows all the movement of all the three matters like solid, liquid and gaseous.


5. Apoplast and Symplast pathways of movement of water in plants.

S. No

Apoplast Pathway

Symplast Pathways

1.

The movement of water takes place through the adjacent cell walls of the epidermis and cortex.

The movement of water takes place through the interconnected protoplasts of the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and root

pericycle.

2.

Crossing of the cell membrane does not take place in the apoplast pathway.

The movement of water occurs via the cell membrane.

3.

It allows fast movement of water.

It allows slow movement of water.


6. Guttation and Transpiration.

S.No.

Guttation

Transpiration 

1.

Loss of water takes place from leaves in the form of droplets in the vein ending.

Water loss takes place through leaves in the form of vapour through the plant surface, stomata and lenticels.

2.

It does not take place when water is deficient and it prevents wilting therefore it takes place at night.

Deficiency of water takes place, which causes wilting of leaves, therefore, it occurs at day.


NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 - Transport in Plants

Introduction to Transport in Plants

Chapter 11 of Biology talks about the transport of water in plants with various processes, including diffusion, transpiration, etc. Plants cannot search for food and water like animals, so they absorb the above from soil with their roots’ help. They absorb this water and transport it to various parts of the plant with their stem and roots. The plants’ food preparation is done in the leaves and then transported through the phloem. To understand this whole transportation mechanism of food and water in plants, a detailed study of this chapter is a must. Transpiration and photosynthesis are the primary media for the transport of water.

The NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants provides a comprehensive study of all the topics covered in this chapter. All types of questions given in this chapter are solved by the highly experienced teachers at Vedantu as per the revised CBSE guidelines. You can download and study the NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants PDF from Vedantu for free of cost. In these NCERT Solutions, the concepts are simplified for an easy understanding of students.


Class 11 Transport in Plants NCERT Solutions Free PDF Download

The NCERT Solutions for Transport in Plants Class 11 NCERT Biology provides easy explanations of the processes involved in the transportation of nutrients, water, and minerals in plants. Hence, studying the Transport in Plants Class 11 NCERT Solutions PDF facilitates an easy learning process for all students. Students can learn the appropriate format for writing Biology answers in their exams by following these NCERT Solutions closely.

The Transport in Plants Class 11 NCERT Solutions provides a point-wise summary of the concepts covered in transport in plants. Students can solve the exercises given for this chapter on their own and compare the answers with these NCERT Solutions. In this way, they will be able to identify and work on their mistakes as well. 


Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Transport in Plants NCERT Solutions

Plants are equipped with tissues to support the transportation of water, minerals, and nutrients. This movement of nutrients and minerals is due to the presence of Xylem and Phloem tissues in the plants. Xylem is an elongated tube-like structure composed of dead cells to transport water and minerals. While Phloem is made up of living cells that contain cytoplasm and transport amino acids and sucrose by the process of translocation.  

Have you ever wondered how water arrives at the head of tall trees, or how and why substances move from one cell to the next, regardless of all substances move likewise in a similar bearing, and whether metabolic energy is needed for moving substances? Plants need to move substances over significant distances, substantially more than creatures do; they additionally don't have a circulatory framework set up. Water taken up by the roots needs to arrive at all pieces of the plant, up to the very tip of the developing stem. 

The photosynthates or food combined by the leaves have likewise to be moved to all parts including the root tips inserted somewhere inside the soil. Development across short separations stays inside the cell, over the layers, and from cell to cell inside the tissue has likewise to happen. These transport mechanisms are present in the vascular bundles and also support the plant physically. The xylem vessels are strong and are present in the center of the root to support the plant and provide strength to the plant against any force that could pull it out of the ground. Phloem is present usually in the lower levels. In the stems, xylem and phloem are arranged in the edges to support the plant against the bending caused due to wind and the weight of the plant.


Marks Weightage for Transport in Plants Class 11 NCERT

Transport in Plants belongs to the fourth unit of the Class 11 Biology syllabus. This unit has a weightage of 18 marks. Mostly, short answer type questions carrying 1 mark or long answer type questions carrying 5 marks can be expected from this chapter. 


Role of Root Pressure During Water Movement in Plants

Root pressure plays a very significant role during water movement in plants. It is responsible for the active absorption of nutrients from the soil in the form of positive pressure. This positive pressure develops in the roots of plants. This pressure provides a slight push to water and contributes towards the restoration of continuous chains of water molecules in the xylem. The xylem often gets withered due to these tensions that are created by transpiration pull. The flow of water molecules from the roots to the shoots is maintained by transpiration pull. Get 100 percent accurate NCERT Solution for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 (Transport in Plants) solved by expert Biology teachers.


Why Should You Study NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Transport in Plants?

The NCERT Solutions of Transport in Plants Class 11 helps students acquaint themselves with effectively answering various types of questions from this chapter. The in-text questions, as well as the exercise questions, from this chapter, are solved and explained with proper examples in these solutions. Students can refer to these solutions to study the correct answer writing approach and incorporate it into their answers. 

While preparing for exams, these solutions are the best study resource that can be referred to. Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants NCERT solutions cover all the questions given in Ch 11 Bio Class 11 NCERT Solutions Biology. Solving and practising the questions given in the textbook will help students to comprehend the concepts of Transport in Plants.


Solved Examples

1. Which of the following factors affect the rate of diffusion in plants?

(A) The angle of concentration

(B) Plasmolysis

(C) Active Transport

(D) Transpiration

Answer: (A) The angle of concentration.


2. What are Porins? 

(A) A form of chemical.

(B) A form of acid.

(C) A form of protein.

(D) A form of calcium.

Answer: (C) A form of protein.


3. Denotation of water potential 

(A) Pascal

(B) Psi

(C) Centimetre

(D) Celsius

Answer: (B) Psi.


4. Name a factor that affects water potential.

(A) Solute Potential

(B) Pressure Potential

(C) Pascal

(D) Solute and pressure potential.

Answer: (D) Solute and pressure potential.


5. What happens to water or a solution when a more significant pressure than the atmospheric pressure is applied?

Answer: Water potential begins to increase when a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is applied to it. Generally, this happens when the pressure increases in both potential solute and potential pressure. Pressure may also build up in a plant cell against the cell wall the moment diffusion occurs. The cell wall becomes turgid when this pressure piles up altogether. This pressure is known as pressure potential, and its value is positive.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 - Transport In Plants

1. What are the Topics Which are Included in Chapter 11 Biology Class 11?

In this chapter, we will study the various topics related to plant physiology and the transportation of water in plants. The chapter begins with a short introduction to the transportation of water in plants. The different types of transportation process that takes place in plants and the basic knowledge of the structure of the cell and the plant anatomy. In the central part, some solved questions test the student’s understanding of the chapter’s depth.


This part includes the various definitions and factors affecting water potential and its behaviour when on pressure exertion. These solved examples will help the students widen their knowledge and cover the various topics of this chapter. In the last part of this chapter, the questions are based upon the various topics covered so far in the chapter and are likely to be necessary.

2. Why Should You Prefer Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 NCERT Solutions Prepared by Experts?

Transport in plants Class 11 NCERT Solution is factual, organised, acceptable, and precise with all the necessary details. It assists students with sufficient resources that are fully modified solutions and includes significant points according to the exam specifications. It sticks to the latest syllabus to guide them and help them score good marks during exams.


Transport in plants Class 11 is a complicated chapter because of the various new concepts that are entirely based on the theory part. The solutions provided include diffusion concepts with respective examples and units that will allow the students to answer the questions smartly. The experts’ explanations are all arranged, which will be like an explicit material for practice that will enhance the learning process and widen the knowledge.

3. How does transportation take place in plants?

The pipe-like vessels in plants help water and minerals to enter inside plants. A group of cells in a plant forms a tissue that performs a specific function. These are called the conducting tissues, known as xylem and phloem. Xylem is a vascular tissue that helps in the transport of water molecules. Phloem is also a vascular tissue that helps in the transportation of food molecules.To understand more about Transport in Plants, Chapter 11 Biology Class 11, you can visit Vedantu app and the website.

4. What is the transport system in plants?

The transport system in plants is in three levels. The first is the transportation of substances from one cell to another. The second level is through xylem and phloem for long-distance transportation. The third level is taking in and the release of the water and solute by the individual cells. The transport system in plants can be compared to the circulatory system in human beings.

5. How is food transported in plants?

The food is transported in plants through the phloem. The phloem consists of the sieve tube elements that help in the transport of sugar, all the metabolic functions of the sieve tube are carried through companion cells. The tensile strength is provided by the phloem fibres and the phloem parenchyma helps in the transfer of food. The food in the form of organic solutes in higher plants is transported through a process called translocation. 

6. How many types of transportation are there in plants? Name them.

There are three different means of transportation in plants. They are Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and Active transport. There are important questions given in the NCERT solutions. Students can make use of the same and practice thoroughly. On Vedantu, each topic is explained in a detailed and easy to understand language to ensure that the students are able to grasp it easily. Students can also download the NCERT Solutions free of cost.