Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field, develops the software tools and methods for understanding biological data in detail when the data sets are complex and broad. As an interdisciplinary science field, bioinformatics combines biology with computer science, mathematics, information engineering, and also statistics to analyze, interpret the biological data. Bioinformatics has been used in silico analyses of biological queries using statistical and mathematical techniques.
In addition, bioinformatics also includes the biological studies that use computer programming as their methodology part, and as specific analysis, "pipelines" repeatedly used especially in the field of genomics. Bioinformatics' common uses are the identification of candidates, genes, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Such kind of identification is often made for a better understanding of the genetic basis of unique adaptations, disease, the differences between populations, or the desirable properties (especially in agricultural species). Less formally, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organizational principles within protein sequences and nucleic acid, known as proteomics.
The bioinformatics questions based on the bioinformatics MCQ book will help students crack the NEET in a better way.
Let us Look at Some of the MCQs on Bioinformatics.
Which of the Following Statements is Incorrect about the RNA Secondary Structure’s Prediction?
Every base is compared first to every other base by a type of analysis quite similar to that of dot matrix analysis
A matches row in the RNA matrix indicates a complementary nucleotides succession that can potentially produce a double-stranded region
The sequence is listed across the side of the page, top and down, G/C, G/U, and A/U base pairs are scored
A row of matches in the RNA matrix represents a failure of complementary nucleotides that can potentially produce a double-stranded region
Answer: (d)
Explanation
The energy of each structure, which is predicted, is estimated by the nearest-neighbor rule by summing the negative base-stacking energies for each base pair in the double-stranded regions. By adding the estimated positive energies of destabilizing regions like loops at the hairpins end, internal bulges, bulges within hairpins, and other unpaired regions.
2. Identify the following statement, either True or False?
Evaluation of all the different possible configurations is done through a single scoring matrix.
False
True
Answer: (a)
Explanation
To find the most energetically favorable, and to evaluate all the different possible configurations, different types of scoring matrices are used. The complementary regions are then evaluated by a dynamic programming algorithm to predict the most energetically stable molecule. The method is similar compared to the dynamic programming method that is used for sequence alignment.
3. Which Regions in Sequences, Similar to those in RNA that will Form the Secondary Structures, are the Examples of Such Kinds of Context-Free Sequences.
Non-Complementary
Complementary
Non-interlocking
Non-compatible
Answer: (c)
Explanation
Stochastic Context-Free Grammars (SCFG) introduce into the definition of such regions’ uncertainty. It also allows them to use alternative symbols, as found in the evolution of RNA molecules.
4. Identify the Following Statement, either True or False?
The SCFGs application to RNA secondary structure analysis is so similar in form to the probabilistic covariance models. Is this statement True or False?
a) False
b) True
Answer: (b)
Explanation
The alphabet symbols for RNA are A, C, G, and U. The Context-Free Grammar establishes a set of rules that are known as productions for generating the sequence from the alphabet, and in this case, an RNA molecule with sections that can base-pair and others that cannot base-pair.
5. Identify the Following Statement, either True or False?
The SCFGs that are used in the production analysis of RNA secondary structure are very similar compared to that of the covariance model, with the grammatical productions resembling the nodes in the ordered binary tree.
False
True
Answer: (b)
Explanation
According to the hidden Markov models, the probability distribution of each production must be derived by training with the known sequences. The algorithms used in SCFG training and for the sequence aligning with the SCFG are a bit different from those which are used with Markov models that are hidden, and the memory requirements, time are greater.
6. The Human Genome Approximately Contains ______ Pairs.
3 billion base pairs
5 billion base pairs
6 billion base pairs
4 billion base pairs
Answer: (a)
7. The SWISSPROT Protein Sequence Database has begun in the Year ______?
1988
1987
1986
1988
Answer: (b)
8. Which of These Following are not Bioinformatics Applications?
Data storage and management
Understand the relationships between organisms
Drug designing
None of the above
Answer: (d)
9. The Laboratory Work is Done using the Computers and Associated with Web-Based Analysis Online is Generally referred to as __________?
Insilico
Wet lab
Dry lab
All of the above
Answer: (b)
10. The Laboratory Work is Done using the Computers and Computer-Generated Models Offline Generally is referred to as _______?
Dry lab
Wet lab
Insilico
All of the above
Answer: (a)
11. The Latin Term “Invitro” refers to_______ ?
Outside the lab
Outside the glass
Within the lab
Within the glass
Answer: (d)
12. The computational methodology that tries to identify the best matching between two molecules, a ligand and receptor are known as _______?
Molecular matching
Molecule affinity checking
Molecular docking
Molecular fitting
Answer: (c)
1. Which of the Below-Given Names is an Example of a Homology and Similarity Tool?
BLAST
EMBOSS
PROSPECT
RasMol
Answer: (a)
2. On the Following Scientists, Who Created the First Bioinformatics Database?
Dayhoff
Pearson
Richard Durbin
Michael.J.Dunn
Answer: (a)
3. Identify the Following Statement, either True or False?
A general theory for modeling symbol strings, like bases in the DNA sequences, has been developed by linguists. These so-called transformational grammars have a hierarchy that deals with situations of increasing complexity.
True
False
Answer: (a)
4. Identify the Following Statement, either True or False?
Each non-terminal of SCFGs symbol production has an associated probability for giving rise to the resulting product, and also, there is a defined set of productions, each giving a different result.
True
False
Answer: (a)
5. Identify the Following Statement, either True or False?
The increase always depends on the type and length of the loop that is introduced by a non-complementary base pair, whether internal loop, hairpin loop, or bulge loop.
a) True
b) False
Answer: (a)