ISC Biology Class 12 Syllabus For Semester (1 & 2) 2021-22

ISC Class 12 Biology Semester (1 & 2) Syllabus 2021-22

Biology is a very crucial subject in order to excel in the Class 12 board examinations. Students need to have a thorough understanding of the syllabus and the most important topics to cover for the examination. The complete syllabus for the session 2021-22 is covered below: 

Unit 1. Reproduction 

(i) Reproduction in Organisms

Definition of reproduction, Modes of reproduction: asexual and sexual; Life span, the Life span of a few organisms ( banana, rise, rose, banyan, butterfly, fruit fly, tortoise, crocodile, parrot, elephant, dog, horse, and cow); Vegetative propagation; Events in sexual reproduction - pre fertilization; chromosome number; fertilization (definition, types - external and internal); post-fertilization; definition and example of parthenogenesis; differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.

(ii) Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination (types, agencies, examples); pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post and pre-fertilization events; the significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation; structure of microsporangium. 

iii) Human Reproduction 

Organs of the male and female reproductive system and their functions; internal structure of testis and ovary; gametogenesis- spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle - different phases and hormone action; fertilization, implantation, embryonic development up to blastocyst formation; pregnancy and placenta formation; parturition; lactation – hormonal control and importance.

iv) Reproductive Health

Definition and need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control; amniocentesis; causes of infertility and assisted reproductive technologies (VF, IUT, ZIFT, ICSI, GIFT, AI, IUI); the population explosion; contraceptives methods; definition of medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); Chromosomal theory of inheritance; chromosomal disorders. 

Unit 2. Genetics and Evolution 

Principles of inheritance and variation; Molecular basis of Inheritance; Evolution (origin of life, biological evolution, Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution, mechanism of evolution, Hardy - Weinberg's principle, adaptive radiation, human evolution). 

Unit 3. Biology and Human Welfare

Human health and diseases (Pathogens, parasites, and their control; concepts of immunology); Strategies for enhancement in food production (green revolution, plant breeding, tissue culture, single-cell protein, biofortification, apiculture, and animal husbandry).

Unit 4. Biotechnology and its Applications

Biotechnology - principles and processes; DNA; nomenclature; applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture.

Unit 5. Ecology and Environment 

Organisms and Populations; definition of ecology and ecological adaptations; populations attributes; populations density; Energy flow - types of food chains; nutrient cycle; biodiversity and its conservation; environmental issues.