Human Physiology MCQs with Answers and Explanations

The topic “Human Physiology” will help you to understand the functions and mechanisms of a human body involving organs, cells, blood, nerves, etc. which help to interact with our surroundings and carry on with our day to day activities. Under Human Physiology, one will also learn about the underlying physiological processes in detail. These include respiration, digestion, excretion and so on. 

You will be able to gain a better understanding of this chapter once you start solving the physiology MCQs. The objective questions will help you to revise the topics while also strengthening your understanding of essential concepts. Keeping this in mind, the physiology MCQ questions have been selected carefully from all parts of the chapter to help you with your preparation. 

Given below are physiology MCQs from the unit Human Physiology. You can opt to attempt all of the topics or test your understanding of a particular topic by going through the physiology questions from that specific section.

Multiple Choice Questions on Digestion and Absorption 

Some of the questions related to the digestive system are mentioned below.

1. The hormone is secreted by which of the following organ?

1. Pancreas

2. Liver

3. Duodenum

Ans- a

Explanation- The pancreas is an organ that serves as a major endocrine gland; it secretes hormones like insulin, somatostatin and glucagon. It is important to note that the pancreas serves as both the exocrine and endocrine glands.

2. If the stool of a person is whitish-grey, which organ is responsible for it?

1. Kidney

2. Liver

3. Spleen

Ans- b

Explanation- The liver is the organ responsible for the white coloured faeces because of the low concentration of bile secretion. 

3. A type of proteolytic enzyme is found in infants’ gastric juices which helps in the digestion of milk proteins. The name of the enzyme is?

1. Peptide

2. Rennin

3. Amylases

Ans- b

Explanation- Rennin, also known as chymosin, is a protein-digesting enzyme that causes milk to curdle by converting caseinogen into insoluble casein.

4. Fat digestion occurs in? 

1. Small intestine

2. Stomach

3. Duodenum

Ans- a

Explanation-  Fat digestion occurs in the small intestine of the human digestive system. 

5. Protein digestion occurs in? 

1. Rectum

2. Small intestine

3. Ileum

Ans- c

Explanation- Protein digestion begins in the stomach and continues in the small intestine. Amino acids are recycled by the organism in order to produce new proteins. The ileum is the site of protein digestion.

6. Which one of the following can be found in pancreatic juice?

1. Trypsinogen

2. Proenzyme pepsinogen

3. Lysozyme

Ans- a

Explanation- Trypsinogen is the inactive form of the hormone secreted by the pancreas, trypsinogen is converted into the active form, trypsin, by the action of enteropeptidase. Trypsin is involved in protein digestion.

MCQs on Breathing and Exchange of Gases

7. Respiratory centre is located in? 

1. Cerebellum

2. Medulla oblongata

3. Cerebrum 

Ans- b

Explanation- Medulla oblongata serves as the centre of respiratory regulation.

8. Carbon Monoxide poisoning happens due to? 

1. Carbonic acid

2. Carboxy haemoglobin

3. Methane

Ans- b

Explanation- Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin with a significantly higher affinity than oxygen, resulting in the formation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and reduced oxygen delivery. Carbon monoxide can potentially set off an inflammatory cascade in the CNS, resulting in lipid peroxidation and long-term neurologic consequences and carbon monoxide poisoning.

9. The internal lining in the trachea is made up of ? 

1. Simple cuboidal epithelium

2. Pseudostratified epithelium

3. Simple squamous epithelium

Ans- b

Explanation- Pseudostratified epithelium forms the internal lining of the trachea.

10. A person has difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles. What does he or she has?

1. Emphysema

2. Occupational respiratory disorders

3. Asthma

Ans- c

Explanation- Asthma is a disorder that causes your airways to constrict and swell, as well as create excess mucus. This can make breathing difficult, resulting in coughing, whistling (wheezing) on exhalation, and shortness of breath. Asthma is a mild annoyance for some people.

MCQs on Excretory Products and Their Elimination

11. Kidney’s ability to produce concentrated urine depends on? 

1. Diffusion

2. Active transport

3. Countercurrent mechanism

Ans- c

Explanation- A countercurrent mechanism system uses energy to build a concentration gradient, which allows you to reabsorb water from tubular fluid and produce concentrated urine. This system keeps you from creating litres upon litres of dilute pee every day, which is why you don't need to drink constantly to stay hydrated.

12. The right sequence of formation of urine is ? 

1. Secretion, reabsorption, filtration

2. Reabsorption. Secretion, filtration

3. Filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Ans- c

Explanation- Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, is the sequence of events in the nephron that results in urine formation. 

13. When an individual consumes a large amount of protein, what will he or she will excrete? 

1. More urea and uric acid

2. More glucose

3. Salt

Ans- a

Explanation- More urea and uric acid is produced in the urine of a person who is intaking a protein-rich diet. 

14. In the case of uricotelic animals, urea is removed via? 

1. Ornithine cycle

2. Kreb’s cycle

3. Cori Cycle

Ans- a

Explanation- Urea is ureotelic animals' major nitrogenous excretory product. The urea cycle, also known as the Ornithine cycle or Krebs Henseleit cycle, is used by liver cells to manufacture it from deaminated excess amino acids.

MCQs on Body Fluids and Circulation

15. The life span of red blood cells is? 

1. 100 days

2. 110 days

3. 120 days

Ans- c

Explanation- 120 days is the maximum lifespan of an RBC.

16. The life span of white blood cells is? 

1. Between 20-30 days

2. Between two to three months

3. Less than ten days

Ans- a

Explanation- The life span of white blood cells varies between 20-30 days.

17. What is the ratio of WBC to RBC in the body?  

1. 1:60

2. 1:600

3. 1:6000

Ans- b

Explanation- 1:600 is the normal ratio of WBC to RBC in the body. There is one WBC per 600 RBC.

18. Which is the largest blood vessel in the human body?

1. Pulmonary vein

2. Capillaries

3. Aorta

Ans- c

Explanation- The aorta is the major blood vessel that connects your heart to the rest of your body. The aortic valve is where blood leaves the heart. The blood next passes through the aorta, where it forms a cane-shaped curvature that permits other major arteries to supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, muscles, and other cells.

19. Which of the following is responsible for the red colour of blood?

1. Hemocyanin

2. Myoglobin

3. Haemoglobin

Ans- c

Explanation- Haemoglobin is the protein found in the red blood cells, it primarily functions in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It renders red colour to the blood. 

20. What should be the blood pressure of a healthy human being?

1. 120/80

2. 120/100

3. 110/90

Ans- a

Explanation- 120/80 is the normal blood pressure measured in humans, 12 represents the systolic pressure while 80 represents the diastolic pressure. 

MCQs on Locomotor and Movement in Humans

21. Which is a skull bone?

1. Arytenoid

2. Cricoid

3. Pterygoid

Ans- c

Explanation- The pterygoid is a skull bone. 

22. Which body muscle can resist fatigue?

1. Voluntary

2. Striped

3. Cardiac

Ans- c

Explanation- Cardiomyocytes are extremely fatigue resistant. They, like other muscles, are largely fueled by mitochondria (the cell's energy house). Cardiomyocytes contain up to ten times the density of mitochondria, resulting in a massive increase in energy output.

MCQs on the Nervous System

23. In which area does the comprehension of spoken and written words take place?

1. Broca’s area

2. Wernicke’s area

3. Association area

Ans- b

Explanation- The Wernicke's area is a critical part of the brain for language development. It is responsible for speech comprehension and is located in the temporal lobe on the left side of the brain, whereas Broca's region is responsible for speech production.

24. Which of the following controls skeletal muscles?

1. Autonomic nerves

2. Somatic nerves

3. Sympathetic nerves

Ans- b

Explanation- The somatic nervous system, also known as the voluntary nervous system, is a portion of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for the voluntary regulation of skeletal muscle contractions.

25. When Sympathetic Nerves get activated, it releases?  

1. Adrenaline, which stimulates the organ

2. Adrenaline, which inhibits the organ

3. Acetylcholine, which stimulates the organ

Ans- (a)

Explanation- Adrenaline is a sympathetic nerve activator that stimulates the organ when secreted.

26. Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?

1. Glutamic Acid

2. Acetylcholine

3. Tyrosine

Ans- (c)

Explanation- Tyrosine is an amino acid that does not act as a neurotransmitter.

27. Which of the following is the largest cranial nerve?

1. Oculomotor nerve

2. Olfactory nerve

3. Trigeminal nerve

Ans- (c)

Explanation- The trigeminal nerve is a component of the nervous system that transmits discomfort, pressure, and thermal impulses from the face to the brain. It's a big, three-part nerve.

Now that you have solved the Human Physiology MCQs, you will be able to ascertain your preparation level for exams for this unit.