Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 - Reproductive Health 2024-25

Very Short Questions and Answers (1 Marks Questions)

1. Give the Term for Prenatal Diagnostic Technique Aimed to Know the Sex of Developing Fetus and to Detect Congenital Disorders.

Ans. Amniocentesis is the prenatal diagnostic technique aimed to know the sex of a developing fetus and detecting congenital disorders.

2. After Successful in Vitro Fertilization, the Fertilized Egg Begins to Divide. Where is This Egg Transferred Before it Reaches the 8-Celled Stage and What is This Technique Called?

Ans. After a successful in vitro fertilization, the fertilized egg begins to divide and is transferred into the fallopian tube before it reaches the 8-celled stage. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) is the name of this technique.

3. Give the Term for Rapid Population Growth.

Ans. The term for rapid population growth is Population explosion.

4. Name the Fluid from Which Fetal Cells are Extracted for Chromosomal Analysis.

Ans. For the analysis of chromosomes, the fluid is extracted from the fetal cells called amniotic fluid.

5. Give the Technical Name of the Female Used to Bring up in Vitro Fertilized Eggs to Maturity.

Ans. The surrogate mother is the technical name that is used for the females that used to undergo in vitro fertilization to bring an egg to maturity.

6. Name the Oral Contraceptive Developed by CDRI, Lucknow.

Ans. Saheli is the oral contraceptive developed by CDRI, Lucknow.

7. What is the WHO’s Interpretation of Reproductive Health?

Ans. The WHO’s interpretation of reproductive health is the total well-being of reproduction in all respects including physical, emotional, behavioral, and social factors.

8. Why has the Government Imposed a Statutory Ban on Amniocentesis?

Ans. The Government has imposed a statutory ban on amniocentesis so as to keep in check the incidences of female foeticides.

9. Expand MTP and ICSI.

Ans. Full form of MTP: Medical Termination of Pregnancy.

Full form of ICSI: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection.

10. What is Lactational Amenorrhoea?

Ans. Lactational amenorrhoea is a period of intense lactation where the absence of menstruation occurs.

11. Write the Scientific Name of Causative Agents Of :

• Syphilis

• Gonorrhoea.

Ans. The scientific name of the causative agents of the following are:

(i) The scientific name of the causative agent of Syphilis is Treponema Pallidum.

(ii) The scientific name of causative agents of Gonorrhoea is Neisseria Gonorrhoea.

12. Name the Technique by Which One Can Disorder Any Possible Chromosomal or Metabolic Disorders in a Fetus.

Ans. Amniocentesis is the technique by which one can disorder any possible chromosomal or metabolic disorders in a fetus.

13. Expand the Following:-

• GIFT

• ICSI

• IUCD

Ans. The expanded form of the following are:

• Full form of GIFT: Gamete Intrafallopian transfer.

• Full form of ICSI: IntraCytoplasmic Sperm Injection.

• Full form of IUCD: Intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Short Questions and Answers (2 Marks Questions)

1. Lactational Amenorrhea is a Method of Contraception Justify. What is the Maximum Effectiveness of This Method in Terms of Period/Duration?

Ans. (a) Lactational Amenorrhea is the process during the period of intense lactation following parturition in which the process of ovulation and menstrual cycle does not occur. Therefore, the chances of conception are nil as the mother breastfeeds.

(b) The maximum effectiveness of this method in terms of period/duration is six months following parturition.

2. How are Non-Medicated IUD​S different from Hormone-releasing IUD​S? Give Examples.

Ans. The difference between non-medicated IUD​S and hormone-releasing IUD​S are:

3. What are Implants? How Do They Help in Preventing Fertilization?

Ans. Implants are devices that are placed under the skin and contain hormones like progesterone and estrogen. They help in preventing fertilization by preventing the release of eggs from the ovary.

4. Briefly Explain Two Natural Barriers to Birth Control.

Ans. The two natural barriers for birth control are:

(i) Periodic abstinence: In this process from the 10th to 17th day of the menstrual cycle the couple should avoid coitus. 

(ii) Coitus interruptus: Here just before ejaculation of semen in the vagina the male partner withdraws his penis.

5. Enlist Any Four Possible Reasons for Infertility in Human Beings.

Ans. The reasons for infertility in human beings are Physical, Drugs, congenital disease, even psychological and Immunological.

6. What does GIFT represent?

Ans. GIFT is the abbreviation for Gamete Intrafallopian transferrin which the two unfertilized oocytes and several sperms are introductions into the fallopian tube of a woman who wants to be a mother through the laparoscope. The eggs taken might be of hers or may be taken from a donor while the sperm may either be taken from the husband or programa donor. The process of fertilization takes place inside the lab called in-vivo while the complete development of the fetus occurs by the natural process.

7. How does Cu- T Act as a Contraceptive?

Ans. Cu-T is an intrauterine device having ionized copper. When the copper diffuses into the uterus it will result in the release of toxic cytokines which prevent the motility of sperm and therefore leads to inhibition of ovum fertilization.

8. Mention Any Four Probable Reasons for the Rapid Rise of Population in Our Country?

Ans. The probable reasons for the rapid rise of population in our country are: 

(i) The decrease in the death rate due to the now advanced and improved health services.

(ii) Due to the practice of early marriages in certain rural areas.

(iii) Due to the lack of education among the poor which will result in them not knowing the ill effects of a large family.

(iv) Longer life span.

9. Identify the Device Used for the Following Methods of Birth Control: Barrier, Iud, Surgical Technique, and Administering Hormone.

Ans. The device used for the following methods of birth control are:

Barrier: Condom, 

IUD: Copper –T, 

Surgical Technique: Vasectomy or Tubectomy,

Administering Hormone: Oral Pill.

10. What are STDs? Mention Any Two of Them.

Ans. STDs are sexually Transmitting Disease that is transmitted through sexual intercourse.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases or STDs. Ex: Syphilis and Gonorrhoea.

11. “Removal of Gonads cannot be a Contraceptive Option”. Why?

Ans. “Removal of Gonads cannot be a contraceptive option” because due to these methods, the gonads are removed surgically resulting in infertility & then both males & females in their remaining life will be dependent on hormones to regulate the functioning of the reproductive organs.

12. What are MTPs? Under What Conditions MTPs are Legally Permitted?

Ans. MTP is the abbreviation of medical termination of pregnancy. They are legally permitted in our country only: -

1. in case of rape.

2. in case of casual unprotected intercourse

3. in case pregnancy is harmful to the fetus or for the mother.

13. Describe the Technique Which is Used for Sex Determination in Fetuses?

Ans. The technique which is used for sex determination in fetuses is amniocentesis. In this process sample of amniotic fluid is taken from the womb of a pregnant woman during the early stages of fetal development whose cells are cultured & analyzed to determine the sex of the fetus. This process includes prenatal diagnosis.

14. What are Test-Tube Babies? Are They Different from Normal Babies?

Ans. The test tube babies are those babies that are produced by conceiving eggs & sperm in a culture tube inside the lab (in-vitro fertilization) and then the later development will occur in the uterus of the female. No, they are not different from normal babies. Instead they are the same as normal babies, the only difference between them is the process of fertilization where the formation of zygote occurs in in-vitro conditions.

15. Mention Any Four Objectives of RCHC.

Ans. RCHC is an abbreviation for “Reproductive & child health care (RCHC) program the major objectives of this program are: -

1. To create awareness related to various aspects of reproduction e.g., STDs, birth control methods.

2. They help in building support and facilities to develop a reproductively healthy society.

3. They make people educated and aware of the importance of taking care of pregnant women, and also breastfeeding.

4. They also create awareness related to sex abuse & sex-related crimes.

Long Questions and Answers (3 Marks Questions)

​1. Give Another Name for Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Name Two Sexually Transmitted Diseases That Are Curable and Two Diseases That are Not Curable.

Ans. Venereal disease (VD)/Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is another name for the sexually transmitted disease.

The two sexually transmitted diseases which are curable are Syphilis, Gonorrhoea.

The two sexually transmitted diseases which are non-Curable are Hepatitis B, AIDS, Genital herpes.

2. Differentiate between Vasectomy and Tubectomy.

Ans. The difference between Vasectomy and Tubectomy are:

3. Name the Techniques Which are Employed in the Following Cases:

(a) Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce an ova but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization and development.

Ans. (a) The technique that involves the collection of the ovum from the donor and transfers it into the fallopian tube of another female is called the Gamete intrafallopian transfer. In this case, the second female is unable to produce ovum but has the ability to undergo fertilization and development.

(b) Embryo is formed in the laboratory in which sperm is directly injected into the ovum.

Ans. (b) The technique in which the sperm is introduced into the egg of the female inside the laboratory and results in the formation of an embryo is called Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

(c) Semen collected either from husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or uterus.

Ans. (c) When the semen is taken from either husband or the male donor and is injected into the vagina or the uterus of the female inside the laboratory by an artificial method called Intrauterine insemination.

4. Mention the Various Precautions One has to Take in Order to Protect Himself/herself From STDs.

Ans. To protect oneself from STDs a person has to take various precautions that are:

(i) Before transfusion the person should be checked whether he is infected or not and the blood of the infected person can cause disease in another person. 

(ii) Intercourse must be avoided with multiple partners or unknown strangers. 

(iii) During coitus, condoms must be used to have safe intercourse. 

(iv) The use of the same medical and surgical instruments and needles must be avoided. 

5. What are the Disturbing Trends Observed Regarding MTP?

Ans. The disturbing trend observed regarding MTP is that the majority of the MTP​s are found to be performing to misuse the female foeticide illegally that too by the unqualified quacks.

6. Enlist Any Three Causes of Infertility in Men and Women.

Ans. The three causes of infertility in men and women are:

(i) Physical – due to defect in genital parts, undescended testicles, enlarged veins in testes, etc.

(ii) Diseases – diseases like diabetes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV, etc.

(iii) Drugs – Due to the continuous consumption of drugs, lower sperm motility, and production rate, etc.

7. State the Consequences of Overpopulation.

Ans. The consequences of overpopulation are :

(i) An increasing demand and therefore pressure on the natural resources.

(ii) An increase in the level of pollution.

(iii) More unemployment, poor infrastructure, and pressure on the country’s economy.

8. Differentiate Between Natality Rate and Mortality Rate.

Ans. The difference between the natality rate and mortality rate are:

9. Explain Any One Natural Method of Birth Control.

Ans. One of the natural methods of birth control is the Periodic abstinence or Rhythm method. In this process from the 10th to 17th day of the menstrual cycle, the couple should avoid coitus because during this period the process of ovulation occurs and therefore this period is highly fertile. This method is based on the fact that the sperm remains alive for about 3 days while the ovum remains alive for 1-2 days. This method is less effective since in most females the menstrual cycle is irregular. 

10. Give Three Differences Between Tubectomy and Vasectomy.

Ans. The difference between tubectomy and vasectomy are:

11. Describe the Three Manners in Which Fertilization of the Human Ovum by Sperm Can be Prevented?

Ans. The three manners in which fertilization of the human ovum by sperm can be prevented are:

I. Natural Methods: The process where the chances of meeting the gametes need to be avoided. The natural methods are:

1. Periodic Abstinence:  In this process from the 10th to 17th day of the menstrual cycle the couple should avoid coitus as during this period the ovulation is expected.

2. Lactational Amenorrhoea:  During this period due to intense lactation, there is the absence of menstruation.

II. Barrier Methods:  In this process with the help of barriers the ovum & sperms are prevented from coming closer. The barrier methods are:

1. Condoms: These are the barriers that are made up of thin rubber or latex sheath which cover the penis in males or the cervix in females.

2. Diaphragms Cervical Caps:  made up of rubber & are reusable.

3. Spermicidal creams along with these barriers.

III. Surgical Methods:  In this method, the transport of gametes is blocked & thus conception. The surgical methods are:

1. Vasectomy: a small portion of vas deferens is removed or tied up through an incision in the scrotum.

2. Tubectomy: a small portion of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up through the vagina.

12. Suggest Some Methods to Assist Infertile Couples to have Children?

Ans. There are special techniques called Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) to help in assisting the infertile couples to have children are: -

1. Test tube Baby Programme: It is In-vitro fertilization (IVF) where the ova from wife or donor female & Sperm from husband are fused under suitable laboratory conditions. This results in the formation of a zygote which is then transferred into the uterus or fallopian tube of the female and this process is called embryo transfer (ET).

2. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFI):  In this method, the ova from the donor female is taken and is inserted into the other female who cannot produce ova but can provide suitable conditions for fertilization.

3. Artificial Insemination:  In this method, the semen is taken either from the husband or a healthy male donor & is then introduced artificially into the vagina or uterus of the female.

13. Briefly Explain the Various Reproductive Technologies to Assist an Infertile Couple to Have Children.

Ans. The various reproductive technologies to assist an infertile couple to have children are:

(i) Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) includes in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

(ii) Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

(iii) Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), and 

(iv) frozen embryo transfer (FET). 

These techniques also include oocyte donation and gestational carriers. Approximately 99 percent of ART cycles performed are IVF-ET. IVF-ET has helped many couples conceive successfully. ART may be recommended when there is no other option such as intrauterine insemination is successful or when there is severe male factor infertility, severe endometriosis, or tubal obstruction.

Download Important Questions of Chapter 4 Biology Class 12 PDF

Some of the important topics covered in Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 important questions are Reproductive Health – Problems and Strategies, Population Explosion and Birth Control, Medical Termination of Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and infertility.

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Vedantu offers a comprehensive set of important questions for Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health. These questions are carefully curated by expert educators to cover the key concepts and topics of the chapter. By practicing these important questions, students can enhance their understanding, improve their problem-solving skills, and prepare effectively for exams. Vedantu's collection of important questions provides students with a valuable resource for self-assessment, revision, and exam preparation. With detailed solutions and explanations provided for each question, students can identify their areas of strengths and weaknesses, thereby enabling them to focus their efforts and perform well in their biology examinations.