CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-14 Important Questions - Free PDF Download
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FAQs on Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 - Ecosystem 2024-25
1. What are the subtopics of Chapter 14 Class 12 Biology?
The subtopics of Chapter 14 Ecosystem in Class 12 Biology are-
General Introduction to Ecosystem
Structure and Function of Ecosystem
Productivity
Decomposition
Flow of Energy
Ecological Pyramids
Ecological Succession
Succession of Plants
Nutrient Cycle
Ecosystem- Carbon Cycle
Ecosystem- Phosphorus Cycle
Ecosystem Services
Summary
Visit the page-Important questions for Class 12 Biology to comprehend these subtopics of the chapter more clearly. This link will land you on Vedantu’s page of important questions of Chapter 14 Ecosystem from which you can download notes, summaries and the NCERT textbook questions free of cost in understandable language.
2. Write the difference between the grazing food chain and the detritus food chain.
GFC or Grazing Food Chain start with plants or primary producers and end with human beings (secondary carnivores). In the Grazing Food Chain, the sun acts as the major source of energy. Example- Grass is the producer. It is eaten by Primary Consumers like Goats. Further, the Primary Consumers are eaten by Secondary Consumers. Whereas, the Detritus Food Chain starts with dead organic matter and ends with carnivores. The source of energy in this food chain is dead matter. Example- Plants→Goat→Tiger→Saprotrophs or Decomposers.
3. Distinguish between production and decomposition.
Production- It is a natural phenomenon of generating energy. In this process, plants and other autotrophic organisms use raw materials like water, minerals and sunlight(inorganic compounds) to produce organic compounds (starch).
Decomposition- It is a biochemical process in which saprotrophs and other organisms who depend on dead and decaying matter for nutrition act on dead organic matter to convert large molecules into small biomolecules. In this process, the energy is released by the action of saprotrophs and decomposers on dead organic matter.
4. Write different components of an ecosystem.
The components of an ecosystem are broadly classified into two categories- Non-living or abiotic components and living or biotic components.
Abiotic components- These are also known as non-living components. It includes minerals (standing quality and standing state), organic substances, inorganic substances and other climatic factors like pH, temperature, light, etc.
Biotic components- These components are also known as living components. It includes different organisms like autotrophs (producers), heterotrophs (primary, secondary and tertiary consumers) and micro consumers or decomposers.
5. Explain biotic components of an ecosystem in detail.
Biotic components include autotrophs, heterotrophs and decomposers.
Autotrophs- They are also known as producers as they can create food and energy from themselves using inorganic compounds (water, minerals, sunlight). Example- photosynthetic bacterias, green plants, etc.
Heterotrophs- These are also known as consumers. They can’t generate energy for themselves and have to depend on other organisms for nutrition. Heterotrophs are classified into- primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Example- humans.
Decomposers- They decompose dead decaying matter and maintain the soil nutrient cycle. Example- saprotrophs.
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