Courses
Courses for Kids
Free study material
Offline Centres
More
Store Icon
Store

Plant Physiology

share icon
share icon

Plant Physiology Meaning

MVSAT 2024

The branch of Science that deals with the study of structure and function of plants and its parts is known as Plant Physiology. Plants' importance is equal to any other living organism that is present on our planet earth. Plants basically are the reasons by which most of the organisms are surviving on earth. Plants provide us with oxygen in which we breathe. Besides this there are a number of sources we are going to get from plants. We even get our food from the plants. Plants fulfill all the basic necessities of an organism. This Plant Physiology topic will help you to understand about the functions and other important structures of plants.

We know that plants are the organisms that prepare their own food, that is, they are autocross. Plants prepare their food through chlorophyll with the help of sunlight. There are certain structures in plants that help them to prepare their own food. In this topic you are going to learn about these structures. Plant Physiology will give you a brief detail about all the plant parts along with their functions that they perform. In this way you can easily learn the way in which food is being prepared on its own by plants.

Plants have various parts including stems, leaves, roots and other parts that have different functions which enable them to survive . They release oxygen as a by-product of their respiration. For survival with water and carbon dioxide plants need to develop mechanisms which result in the release of oxygen in the atmosphere. There are various plant processes like mineral and nutrition, transportation, respiration and plant growth and development. In this topic of Plant Physiology you will get the information about the Ecole process along with the parts in the plants.

Plant Parts and Functions

Plants have different body parts like Roots, Stem, Leaves, Flowers, and Fruits. Following are the different parts of plants and their functions: - 

  • Roots
    Roots are known as the foundation system for the plants and keep the plants firmly grounded in the soil. The main function of the root is water and minerals absorption from the soil. It helps to synthesize plant growth and regulates reserve food material. Roots help to keep plants fixed on a particular place. The plants cannot move from one place to another, that is, they cannot show locomotion. The main reason is these roots which not only make them still but also provide them with nutrition .

  • Stem The stem is a part of the plant found above the ground. The color of the tree stem is brown, while the younger stems are green. The important functions performed by the stem are: - 

  • It facilitates the important process of photosynthesis in plants.

  • It offers a proper structure to a plant, which later helps it develop into a tree.

  • Another important function of the stem is to carry up leaves, flowers, buds, and fruits to the plant.

  •  It transports water, minerals, and ready food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

  • The stem also helps to protect phloem and xylem and also allows them to perform their normal functions.

  • Minerals and nutrition is the water that the root carries from the soil is transferred to other parts of the body with the help of the stem. Stem has xylem and phloem that helps in conduction of food and water both. The water is conducted from roots to other body parts while the nutrition or food from leaves is conducted to other body parts with the help of stem.

  • Leaves
    Leaves are another essential part of a plant. They contain chlorophyll that helps the plant with the process of photosynthesis using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. The food that the whole plant needs is made up in this part , that is in the leaves. The food from this part is carried to other body parts of the plant through the stem. Here  you will get a brief information about the process through which food is prepared in our leaves. A leaf has three main parts- leaf base, lamina, and petiole. The main functions of a leaf are: -
    1) Transpiration: Apart from photosynthesis, leaves play an essential role within the removal of far more than water from plants through tiny pores called stomata. There is excess water in the plant's body and this excess water is removed out from the plant through leaves by the proceeds of transpiration.
    2) Photosynthesis: Green leaves prepare the food with the help of water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight with the process of photosynthesis. Water from the roots come into these leaves through the stem then the leaves gather carbon dioxide from the atmosphere along with this in the presence of sunlight the food is prepared in the leaves. This is the reason that plants are autographs because they prepare their own food.
    3) Reproduction: Leaves of some plants also help with the reproduction. For e.g., leaves of Bryophyllum produce a brand new Bryophyllum plant. Anther and filament are the respective male and female kart that will help in the reproduction in plants. These reproductive parts are present mainly on the flowers. In the presence if these parts a plant is characterized as asexual, bisexuality and unisexual plant.

  • Flowers
    Flowers are the foremost beautiful and vibrant part of a plant. They are, in fact, the part of a plant that reproduces. A flower has four major components: petals, sepals, stamens, and carpels. Petals are the colorful part of the flower that makes it look more attractive. Sepals are the greenish color part of the flower. Carpels and stamens are the male and female reproductive part of the plants. These parts together make a flower.

  • Fruits
    Fruits are the most important of a seed plant. The mature ovary in the plant when fertilized with the other segments commonly known as pollen grains produces a seed. This seed further develops into a fruit. Some of the fruits that develop without fertilization are commonly referred to as  Parthenocarpy fruits, that means the fruit without fertilization.

Mineral Nutrition in Plants

It is essential for the growth of the plant. It gives insight to methods to identify the essential elements of the plants. These minerals in plants spot their essentiality, deficiency symptoms, and mechanism of absorption elements. It also conveys the importance of the biological process. Macro and micronutrients present in plants do essential processes like cell-membrane permeability, osmotic concentration of cell sap and its maintenance, enzyme activity, and then on.

Nutrition Transportation in Plants

Plants have a definite system (xylem and phloem), which helps in transporting nutrients and water from roots to any or all the parts of the plant through translocation. Transport of water and nutrients in rooted plants is unidirectional or multidirectional. Modes of transportation can either be passive, which occurs through diffusion, facilitated diffusion to be precise, or maybe through effective methods meted out by specific membrane proteins, which are called pumps.

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis is essential because it is the primary source of food for all living entities on earth. It releases oxygen within the atmosphere, which all living organisms inhale to breathe. It takes place in chloroplasts through light and dark reactions using four pigments i.e. xanthophyll, chlorophyll, chlorophyll, carotenoids. Extracting energy from oxidizable substances and storing within the kind of bond energy is phosphorylation. In plants, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation occur.

Respiration in Plants

Food that’s required for keeping processes comes from photosynthesis. Metastasis ends up in the discharge of energy, which is employed for the synthesis of ATP, which involves glycolysis. Aerobic respiration ends up in complete oxidation of organic substances within the presence of oxygen, which is common in higher organisms. Another vital aspect of respiration is the ratio of the degree of CO2 released to the quantity of oxygen consumed.

Want to read offline? download full PDF here
Download full PDF
Is this page helpful?
like-imagedislike-image

FAQs on Plant Physiology

1. Write short notes on the Physiology of Plant Parts?

Leaves

Leaves are an important organ of the plant. They’re the first center of photosynthesis and grow in different kinds of shapes and sizes. 

Stem

The stem provides support and structure to the plant. They perform many essential functions like plant growth, compete and survive in several environments, etc. The structure of the stem differs in numerous species.

Roots

The roots grow underground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. That’s why they’re a vital part of the plant.

Xylem and Phloem

Xylem and phloem are also called sap. These form the vascular tissues of the plant. They transport water, sugars, and other essential substances between the roots, stem, and leaves.

2. Elaborate on the process of Plant growth and development.

The process of plant development starts from germination under favorable environmental conditions. Plant growth is indeterminate as they preserve their capacity to grow throughout their lives thanks to the presence of meristems. The expansion of plants is, however, measurable through parameters like – dry weight, increase in fresh weight, length, area, volume, cell number, etc. the amount of plant growth is categorized into three phases – meristematic, elongation and maturation. Plant growth regulators control the expansion of plants. Plants also produce compounds like phytochromes that are light sensitive and stimulate the development of the plant in response to environmental signals.

3. What is Included in Plant Physiology?

This field of Plant Physiology includes the study of all the chemicals as well as physical processes of plants. It includes everything. At the molecular level it includes interactions of photosynthesis. The diffusion process in plants,minerals, and nutrients within the plants. Along with this  it includes major processes also such as that of plant growth, dormancy in plants and plant reproduction,  which are the major processes without this the survival of plants is very difficult.

4. Which website will give you the exact notes of Plant Physiology?

You can get the notes of Plant Physiology from the vedantu app from the vedantu.com website. Here, you will get all  the important points of Plant Physiology that will help you to learn the Physiology of plants. The minerals nutrients,plant karts,plant growth and other important information this website will provide you with everything  that you need. Vedantu helps you to increase your ability to understand a topic and along with it  If you will learn topics from the notes provided by Vedantu. You will see a good rise in your scores and knowledge also.

5. What is the importance of Plant Physiology?

Plant Physiology will reveal to you the dependence of the life processes on environmental conditions. Plant Physiology serves you the theoretical basis for increasing the total productivity of the plant. It increases and  improves the nutritional value and raises the quality of the tissues and organs for use in the industry. Plant Physiology will help you to know the main functions of the plant. The main processes that are involved in the plant's growth are also given in this Plant Physiology.


Competitive Exams after 12th Science