MCQs on Lysosomes

What are Lysosomes?

A lysosome is a membrane-bound organelle that can be found in many animal cells. These are spherical vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many biomolecule kinds. A lysosome contains a specific composition, of both its lumenal proteins and its membrane proteins. The lumen's pH (~4.5 to 5.0) is optimal for the enzymes that are involved in hydrolysis and analogous to the activity of the stomach. Besides, the degradation of polymers, the lysosome is involved in different cellular processes, including plasma membrane repair, secretion, apoptosis, energy metabolism, and cell signaling.

Lysosomes act as the cell's waste disposal system by digesting the obsolete or un-used cytoplasm materials, both from outside and inside the cell. Material from outside of the cell is taken-up via endocytosis, while material from the inside of the cell is digested through autophagy. The organelles sizes vary greatly; the larger ones can be more than ten times the size of the smaller ones. They were discovered and named by a Belgian biologist, Christian de Duve, who eventually received the Nobel Prize in 1974, in Physiology or Medicine.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that arise from the Golgi apparatus.

1. Which of the Following are Not the Hydrolytic Enzymes of the Lysosome?

1. Lipases

2. Sulfatases

3. Phosphatases

4. Aldolase

Answer: (d)

Explanation

Lysosomes have 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes, which include sulphatases, phosphatases, lipases, glycosidases, and more. These enzymes optimally work in the acidic environment, and also the lysosome provides an acidic environment for these enzymes.

2. Which of the Following Organelle Controls the Intracellular Digestion of Macromolecules Taking the Help of Hydrolytic Enzymes?

1. Plastid

2. Peroxisome

3. Lysosome

4. Actin

Answer: (c)

Explanation

Lysosomes are the membrane-bound compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes that control intracellular digestion in the macromolecules. It contains about 40 types of various hydrolytic enzymes.

3. Digestion of Cell’s Own Component is Referred to as __________?

1. Autophagy

2. Heterophagy

3. Phagocytosis

4. Pinocytosis

Answer: (a)

Explanation

Autophagy is the self-digestion process; autophagic vacuoles contain the own components of cells, called the autophagosome, further which fuse to the lysosome where the digestion of components takes place.

4. The Melanosomes Release from Melanocytes is Mediated by the Process. Identify Such a Process from the Options Given Below?

1. Autophagy

2. Endocytosis

3. Exocytosis

4. Pinocytosis

Answer: (c)

Explanation

In the stress conditions, the cell releases undigested content by exocytosis of lysosomes. But it is a very small pathway. Melanocyte in skin stores its pigment in the lysosomes, which release it into the extracellular epidermis space.

5. What is an Amphisome?

1. Early endosome

2. The fusion of autophagosome and endosome

3. Vacuole

4. The bigger size of lysosome

Answer: (b)

Explanation

Amphisome is produced when the autophagosome is fused with the endosomes. This amphisome is further fused with lysosome for digestion purposes. It will result in the release of macromolecules into the cytosol.

6. Identify the Following True Statement Considering the Acidic pH of Lysosomes?

1. Presence of hydrolytic enzymes

2. Presence of anabolic enzymes

3. Deposition of waste materials

4. All of the above

Answer: (b)

7. Why are Lysosomes Considered as the “Garbage Trucks” of Cells?

1. Due to the transport materials between two cell organelles

2. Due to the pump materials from outside to the inside of a cell

3. Due to they remove all unwanted cellular materials

4. Due to the transport materials from one cell to another

Answer: (c)

8. How Do the Lysosomes Originate?

1. By budding off from the trans-Golgi network membrane

2. From the cytoplasm

3. Phospholipid bilayer

4. None of the above

Answer: (a)

9. Which of the Following Biomolecules are the Lysosome Components?

1. Ribosomes and Matrix

2. Amino acid chain and tRNA

3. Phosphate esters and nucleases

4. Glyco protein and Carbohydrates

Answer: (c)

10. Identify the Techniques Used in the Isolation of Liposomal Fractions from the Following?

1. Electrophoresis

2. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation

3. Ultracentrifugation

4. All of the above

Answer: (b)

11. Which of the Below Given Organelle is Known as the Dense Perinuclear Bodies?

1. Lysosomes

2. Nucleolus

3. Peroxisome

4. All of the above

Answer: (a)

12. Lysosomes are Involved in ______?

1. Digestion

2. Intracellular digestion

3. Extracellular digestion

4. Both intracellular and extracellular digestion

Answer: (d)

13. Identify the Following Ones that Pump Excess Water Out of the Cell?

1. Contractile vacuole

2. Lysosome

3. Peroxisome

4. Vacuoles

Answer: (a)

14. Identify the Single Membrane from the Given List Which Surrounded the Vacuoles?

1. Contractile vacuole

2. Meninges

3. Tonoplast

4. Sarcolemma

Answer: (c)

15. Identify the Enzymes that are Used as a Marker for the Lysosomes from the List Given Below?

1. Phospholipase

2. Acid phosphatase

3. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

4. Succinate dehydrogenase

Answer: (b)

16. From the Given List, Which of the Following Organelle is Referred to as “Suicidal Bags” of the Cell?

1. Cytoplasm

2. Lysosomes

3. Mitochondria

4. Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: (b)

17. Lysosomes are Absent in Which of the Following Cells?

1. Animal cells

2. Erythrocytes

3. Hepatocytes

4. Muscles cells

Answer: (b)

18. Identify the Below Biomolecules as the Components of Lysosomes?

1. Glyco protein and Carbohydrates

2. Phosphate esters and nucleases

3. Amino acid chain and tRNA

4. Ribosomes and Matrix

Answer: (b)