NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 4 Linear Equations In Two Variables

Exercise 4.1

The first exercise of this chapter consists of 2 questions, with question number two having eight sub questions in exercise 4.2 of NCERT Solutions for Maths Class 9 Chapter 4. Most of the questions of this exercise are based on the standard form of linear equation with two variables which is a potent technique to compute the value of a,b and c of any given equation. There are basically three types of questions found from this section:

• Type 1: Representing a statement in a linear equation with two variables.

• Type 2: Expressing the linear equation in its standard form.

• Type 3: Identification of a, b and c in a linear equation with two variables.

Exercise 4.2

The second exercise in chapter 4 class 9 maths consists of 4 questions and is mostly based on the solution of linear equations with two variables. Once you grasp the concept of finding the solution, you will be able to identify equations having unique solutions, two solutions or many solutions. Given below are the types of questions found related to the topic:

• Type 1: Identification of the number of solutions of the given equations.

• Type 2: Finding the solution of the given equation.

• Type 3: Cross-checking the solutions of the equation.

• Type 4: Finding the value of an unknown term if the solution of the equation is given.

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 4 – Linear Equations in Two Variables

Exercise (4.1)

1: Construct a linear equation in two variables to express the following statement.

The cost of a textbook is twice the cost of an exercise book.

Ans. Let the cost of a textbook be $\text{x}$ rupees and the cost of an exercise book be $\text{y}$ rupees.

The given statement:  The cost of a textbook is twice the cost of an exercise book

So, in order to form a linear equation, 

the cost of the textbook $\text{=}\,\text{2 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ }$ the cost of an exercise book.  

$\Rightarrow \text{x=2y}$

$\Rightarrow \text{x-2y=0}$.

2: Determine the values of $\text{a}$, $\text{b}$, $\text{c}$ from the following linear equations by expressing each of them in the standard form \[\text{ax+by+c=0}\].

(i) $\text{2x+3y=9}\text{.}\overline{\text{35}}$ 

Ans. The given linear equation is

$\text{2x+3y=9}\text{.}\overline{\text{35}}$

Subtracting $9.\overline{35}$ from both sides of the equation gives

$\text{2x+3y}-\text{9}\text{.}\overline{\text{35}}\text{=0}$ 

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear equation, $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as  

$\text{a=2}$, 

$\text{b=3}$, and

$\text{c}=-\text{9}\text{.}\overline{\text{35}}$

(ii) $\text{x-}\frac{\text{y}}{\text{5}}\text{-10=0}$

Ans. The given linear equation is

$\text{x-}\frac{\text{y}}{\text{5}}\text{-10}=\text{0}$ 

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear equation, $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as

$\text{a}=\text{1}$,

$\text{b}=-\frac{\text{1}}{\text{5}}$, and

$\text{c}=-\text{10}$.

(iii) $\text{-2x+3y=6}$

Ans. The given linear equation is

$\text{-2x+3y=6}$

Subtracting $6$ from both sides of the equation gives 

$-\text{2x+3y}-\text{6}=\text{0}$

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear equation, $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as 

$\text{a}=-\text{2}$,

$\text{b}=\text{3}$, and

$\text{c}=-\text{6}$.

(iv) $\text{x=3y}$

Ans. The given linear equation can be written as

$\text{1x}=\text{3y}$

Subtracting $3y$ from both sides of the equation gives 

$\text{1x-3y+0=0}$

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear equation $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as 

$\text{a}=\text{1}$,

$\text{b}=-\text{3}$, and

$\text{c}=\text{0}$.

(v) \[\text{2x}\mathbf{=-}\,\text{5y}\]

Ans. The given linear equation is

\[\text{2x}=-\text{5y}\].

Adding $5y$ on both sides of the equation gives

\[\text{2x+5y+0=0}\].

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear equation, $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as 

$\text{a}=\text{2}$,

$\text{b}=\text{5}$, and

$\text{c}=\text{0}$.

(vi) $\text{3x+2=0}$

Ans. The given linear equation is

$\text{3x+2=0}$. 

Rewriting the equation gives

$\text{3x+0y+2=0}$

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of linear equation $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as

$\text{a}=\text{3}$,

$\text{b}=\text{0}$, and

$\text{c}=\text{2}$.

(vii) $\text{y-2=0}$

Ans. The given linear equation is

$\text{y-2=0}$ 

The equation can be expressed as

$\text{0x+1y-2}=\text{0}$

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear equation, $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as

$\text{a}=\text{0}$,

$\text{b}=\text{1}$, and

$\text{c}=-\text{2}$.

(viii) $\text{5=2x}$

Ans: The given linear equation is

$\text{5=2x}$.

The equation can be written as 

$\text{-2x+0y+5=0}$.

Now, by comparing the above equation with the standard form of the linear equation $\text{ax+by+c=0}$, the values of $\text{a,}\,\text{b,}$ and $\text{c}$ are obtained as

$\text{a}=-\text{2}$,

$\text{b}=\text{0}$, and

$\text{c}=\text{5}$.

Exercise (4.2) 

1: Complete the following statement by choosing the appropriate answer and explain why it should be chosen?

$\text{y=3x+5}$ has ___________. 

(a) A unique solution, 

(b) Only two solutions, 

(c) Infinitely many solutions. 

Ans: Observe that, $\text{y}=\text{3x+5}$ is a linear equation. 

Now, note that, for $\text{x}=\text{0}$, $\text{y}=\text{0+5=5}$.

So, $\left( \text{0,5} \right)$ is a solution of the given equation.

If $\text{x=1}$, then $\text{y}=\text{3 }\!\!\times\!\!\text{ 1+5}=\text{8}$.

That is, $\left( \text{1,8} \right)$ is another solution of the equation. 

Again, when $\text{y}=\text{0}$, $\text{x}=-\frac{5}{3}$ .

Therefore, $\left( -\frac{5}{3},0 \right)$ is another solution of the equation.

Thus, it is noticed that for different values of $\text{x}$ and $\text{y}$, different solutions are obtained for the given equation.

So, there are countless different solutions exist for the given linear equation in two variables. Therefore, a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions. 

Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

2: Determine any four solutions for each of equations given below. 

(i) $\mathbf{2x}+\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{7}$. 

Ans: The given equation 

$\text{2x+y}=\text{7}$ is a linear equation.

Solving the equation for $y$ gives

$\text{y=7-2x}$. 

Now substitute $\text{x=0,1,2,3}$ in succession into the above equation.

For  $\text{x=0}$, 

$\text{2}\left( \text{0} \right)\text{+y=7}$

$\Rightarrow \text{y=7}$

So, one of the solutions obtained is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{0,7} \right)$. 

For  $\text{x=1}$, 

$\text{2}\left( \text{1} \right)\text{+y=7}$

$\Rightarrow \text{y=5}$

Therefore, another solution obtained is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{1,5} \right)$.

For $\text{x=2}$, 

$\text{2}\left( \text{2} \right)\text{+y=7}$

$\Rightarrow \text{y=3}$

That is, a solution obtained is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{3,1} \right)$.

Also, for $\text{x=3}$, 

\[\text{2}\left( \text{3} \right)\text{+y=7}\]

$\Rightarrow \text{y=1}$ 

So, another one solution is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{3,1} \right)$.

Thus, four solutions obtained for the given equations are $\left( \text{0,7} \right)$ , $\left( 1,5 \right)$, $\left( 2,3 \right)$, $\left( 3,1 \right)$.

(ii) $\mathbf{\pi x}+\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{9}$.

Ans.The given equation 

$\pi x+y=9$                                                                          …… (a)

is a linear equation in two variables.

By transposing, the above equation (a) can be written as

$\text{y=9- }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ x}$. 

Now substitute $\text{x=0,1,2,3}$ in succession into the above equation.

For $\text{x=0}$, 

$\text{y=9- }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }\left( \text{0} \right)$

$\Rightarrow \text{y=9}$

Therefore, one of the solutions obtained is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{0,9} \right)$.

For $\text{x=1}$,

$\text{y}=\text{9}-\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }\left( \text{1} \right)$

$\Rightarrow \text{y}=\text{9}-\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$.

So, another solution obtained is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{1,9- }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ } \right)$.

For  $\text{x=2}$, 

$\text{y}=\text{9}-\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }\left( \text{2} \right)$

$\Rightarrow \text{y}=\text{9}-\text{2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$

That is, another solution obtained is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{2,}\,\text{9-2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ } \right)$.

Also, for $\text{x=3}$, 

$\text{y}=\text{9}-\text{ }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }\left( \text{3} \right)$

$\Rightarrow \text{y}=9-\text{3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ }$.

Therefore, another one solution is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{3,}\,\text{9-3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ } \right)$.

Thus, four solutions obtained for the given equations are $\left( 0,9 \right)$, $\left( \text{1,9,- }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ } \right)$, $\left( \text{2,9-2 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ } \right)$, $\left( \text{3,9-3 }\!\!\pi\!\!\text{ } \right)$.

(iii) $\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{4y}$.

Ans. The given equation 

$\text{x=4y}$ is a linear equation in two variables.

By transposing, the above equation can be written as

$\text{y=}\frac{\text{x}}{4}$ .

Now substitute $\text{x=0,1,2,3}$ in succession into the above equation.

For $\text{x=0}$, 

$\text{y}=\frac{0}{4}=0$.

Therefore, one of the solutions is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{0,0} \right)$.

For $x=1$,

$\text{y}=\frac{1}{4}$.

So, another solution of the given equation is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{1,}\frac{1}{4} \right)$.

For $\text{x=2}$,

$\text{y}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}$.

That is, another solution obtained is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)\text{=}\left( \text{2,}\frac{1}{2} \right)$.

Also, for $\text{x=3}$.,

$\text{y}=\frac{3}{4}$.

Therefore, another one solution is $\left( \text{x,y} \right)=\left( 3,\frac{3}{4} \right)$.

Thus, four solutions obtained for the given equations are $\left( 0,0 \right)$, $\left( \text{1,}\frac{1}{4} \right)$, $\left( \text{2,}\frac{1}{2} \right)$, $\left( 3,\frac{3}{4} \right)$.

3: Identify the actual solutions of the linear equation\[\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ x-2y=4}\] from each of the following solutions.

(i)  $\left( \mathbf{0},\mathbf{2} \right)$

Ans: Substituting $\text{x=0}$ and $\text{y=2}$ in the Left-hand-side of the equation \[\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ x-2y=4}\] gives

$\begin{align} & \text{x-2y}=0-2\left( 2 \right) \\ & =-4 \\ & \ne 4. \end{align}$

Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for$\left( \text{x,y} \right)=\left( 0,2 \right)$.

Hence, $\left( 0,2 \right)$ is not a solution of the equation \[\text{x-2y=4}\]. 

(ii) $\left( \mathbf{2},\mathbf{0} \right)$

Ans. Substituting $\text{x=2}$ and $\text{y=0}$ in the Left-hand-side of the equation \[\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ x-2y=4}\] gives

$\begin{align} & \text{x-2y}=2-2\left( 0 \right) \\ & =2 \\ & \ne 4. \end{align}$

Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for$\left( \text{x,y} \right)=\left( 2,0 \right)$.

Hence, $\left( 2,0 \right)$ is not a solution of the equation \[\text{x-2y=4}\]. 

(iii) $\left( \mathbf{4},\mathbf{0} \right)$ 

Ans. Substituting $\text{x=4}$ and $\text{y=0}$ in the Left-hand-side of the equation\[\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ x-2y=4}\] gives

$\begin{align} & \text{x-2y}=4-2\left( 0 \right) \\ & =4. \end{align}$

Therefore, Left-hand-side is equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for$\left( \text{x,y} \right)=\left( 4,0 \right)$.

Hence, $\left( 4,0 \right)$ is a solution of the equation \[\text{x-2y=4}\]. 

(iv) $\left( \sqrt{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{,4}\sqrt{\mathbf{2}} \right)$

Ans. Substituting $\text{x=}\sqrt{2}$ and $\text{y=4}\sqrt{2}$ in the Left-hand-side of the equation\[\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ x-2y=4}\] gives

$\begin{align} & \text{x-2y}=\sqrt{2}-2\left( 4\sqrt{2} \right) \\ & =\sqrt{2}-8\sqrt{2} \\ & =-7\sqrt{2} \\ & \ne 4. \end{align}$

Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for$\left( \text{x,y} \right)=\left( \sqrt{2},4\sqrt{2} \right)$.

Hence, $\left( \sqrt{2},4\sqrt{2} \right)$ is not a solution of the equation \[\text{x-2y=4}\]. 

(v) $\left( \mathbf{1},\mathbf{1} \right)$

Ans. Substituting $\text{x}=1$ and $\text{y}=1$ in the Left-hand-side of the equation\[\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ x-2y=4}\] gives

$\begin{align} & \text{x-2y}=1-2\left( 1 \right) \\ & =1-2 \\ & =-1 \\ & \ne 4. \end{align}$

Therefore, Left-hand-side is not equal Right-hand-side of the given equation for$\left( \text{x,y} \right)=\left( 1,1 \right)$.

Hence, $\left( 1,1 \right)$ is not a solution of the equation \[\text{x-2y=4}\]. 

4: If $\left( \mathbf{x},\mathbf{y} \right)=\left( \mathbf{2},\mathbf{1} \right)$ is a solution of the equation \[\text{2x+3y=k}\], then what is the value of $\mathbf{k}$?

Ans: By substituting $\text{x}=2$, $\text{y}=1$ and into the equation

\[\text{2x+3y=k}\] gives

$\text{2}\left( \text{2} \right)\text{+3}\left( \text{1} \right)\text{=k}$

$\Rightarrow \text{4+3=k}$

$\Rightarrow \text{k=7}$.

Hence, the value of $\text{k}$ is $7$.

Summary of Linear Equations

An equation includes equal sign (=) which indicates that the terms on the left-hand side are equal to the terms on the right-hand side. A Linear equation is an equation for a straight line containing variables and constants in the form given below:

\[a_{1}x_{1} + a_{2}x_{2} + a_{3}x_{3}\]..... + b = 0

Where \[a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}\]... are coefficients, b is a constant and \[x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}\].... are the variables. If the value of any coefficient or variable is zero then the term containing that coefficient or variable becomes zero. This is because anything multiplied to zero is equal to zero.

A linear equation is a simple equation containing coefficients, constants and one or more variables, but a linear equation can never have exponents and roots.

One, Two, Three What Variables Would Be?- Types of Linear equations

One variable linear equation: A linear equation which has only one variable (unknown term) represented by alphabets or symbols is known as one variable linear equation. It is represented as ax+b = 0, where a is a coefficient of variable x and b is a constant. The coefficient can never be zero.

Examples: 7x + 6 = 13

Two variable linear equation: A linear equation is an equation which has two variables (unknown terms) represented by alphabets or symbols known as a two-variable linear equation. It is represented as ax+by+c = 0, where a and b are coefficients,  x and y are variables and c is a constant. If any coefficient becomes zero then the two-variable linear equation changes to one variable linear equation.

Examples: 2x +3y = 24

Three or more variable linear equations: A linear equation containing more than two variables is called a linear equation of three or more variables. It can be represented as: 

\[a_{1}x_{1} + a_{2}x_{2} + a_{3}x_{3}\]..... + b = 0.

Examples: 5x+ 21y - 3z = -2

Linear Equation with Two Variables

Till now in the journey of algebraic equations, we have learned solving single equations with only one variable (unknown). For example something like 9x + 4 = 22. Simple, Isn’t it?

But what happens if there is more than one unknown in an equation something like 5x + 3y = 15. We solve it differently. So before looking into the solution of a linear equation with two variables let us understand the Linear equation with two variables mathematically.

Definition

An equation of the type ax+by+c = 0, where a,b,c are real numbers such that a and b are non-zero, is called a linear equation in two variables x and y.

Example: x+y-5 = 0 is a linear equation in the two variables(unknowns) x and y. Note that x=2 and y=3 satisfy this linear equation.

A Single Linear Equation with Two Variables Cannot be Solved.

There’s no way anyone could legitimately ask you to solve a single equation with two variables because that would give you infinite solutions. But two equations having two variables each can be solved to find the value of x and y simultaneously. A group of two or more equations is called a system of equations.

Each equation represents a straight line. If two lines are taken then there are high chances that those two lines intersect at a unique point which satisfies both the equations. In order to find the intersecting point, pick two random lines and solve.

Solution of a Linear Equation

We know that every linear equation in one variable has a unique solution. What about the solution of a linear equation with  two variables? There will always be a pair of values one for x and the other for y which satisfy the given equation. Also, note that there is no end to different solutions of a linear equation in two variables. That is, a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions.

There are many ways to solve a system of linear equations with two variables. Given below are the two basic methods to solve a linear equation with two variables.

1. Graphical Method of Solving Linear Equation

Instead of finding the solution of two the linear equations separately we find the solution of the system instead. If we graph both the lines in the same coordinate system then the point of intersection of two lines will be the solution of the system.

For Example: To solve the system of equations having two equations -

2x+2 = y and x-1 = y, we need to consider a value of x and find its corresponding value of y for each equation. For equations 2x+2 = y and x-1 = y a random value of x is taken and its corresponding value of y is to be calculated. The points will be (1,4), (2,6), (3,8) for equation 2x+2 = y. And the points (1,0), (2,1), (3,2) for equation x-1 = y. The points are to be plotted on a graph. The point of intersection of these two lines will be the solution of the system.

2. Substitution Method of Solving Linear Equation

The other way of solving a system of linear equations is by substitution method. This system shows how to solve linear equations easily by finding the value of one variable in terms of another variable by using one equation and then replacing this value in another equation.

Let's find the solution of the same system of linear equations.

2x+2 = y

x-1 = y

From equation (2) we can say that y = x-1.

Substituting the value of y in equation (1).

2x+2 = x-1

2x-x = -2-1

x = -3

Thus, we can find the actual value of y by substituting the value of x as -3 in equation (1).

2x + 2 = y

2(-3) + 2 = y

-6 + 2 = y

-4 = y

or, y= -4.

Therefore, the solution of the system of linear equations is (-3,-4).

Summary

• An equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers, such that a and b are not both zero, is called a linear equation in two variables. 

• A linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions. 

• The graph of every linear equation in two variables is a straight line. 

• x = 0 is the equation of the y-axis and y = 0 is the equation of the x-axis. 

• The graph of x = a is a straight line parallel to the y-axis. 

• The graph of y = a is a straight line parallel to the x-axis. 

• An equation of the type y = mx represents a line passing through the origin. 

• Every point on the graph of a linear equation in two variables is a solution of the linear equation. Moreover, every solution of the linear equation is a point on the graph of the linear equation.

Overview of Deleted Syllabus for CBSE Class 9 Maths Linear Equations in Two Variables

Class 9 Maths Chapter 4: Exercises Breakdown

Conclusion 

The NCERT Solutions for Maths Chapter 4 on Linear Equations in Two Variables for Class 9, provided by Vedantu, offer comprehensive guidance for mastering this topic. Key points to focus on include understanding the graphical representation of linear equations, methods of solving equations, and interpreting solutions. These concepts are crucial for building a strong foundation in algebra. Typically, previous year question papers have included around 3-4 questions from this chapter, emphasizing its importance in the curriculum. Students should practice the solved examples and exercise questions thoroughly to excel in exams.

Other Study Material for CBSE Class 9 Maths Chapter 4

Chapter-Specific NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths

Given below are the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths. Go through these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.

Important Study Materials for CBSE Class 9 Maths