What is Untouchability? Definition, Impact, and Prevention in India
The essay on untouchability is an important topic for understanding social discrimination in India and beyond. Recognised as a crime against humanity, untouchability violates human rights and equality. On this page, you will find essays on this subject in 150, 200, and 500 words, along with key facts, causes, and writing tips to help students explore this serious social evil in modern society.
History and Origin of Untouchability in India
Untouchability traces its roots to the ancient caste system described in Vedic texts, where society was divided into four varnas. The term “Dalit” is used for those outside these groups, historically labelled as untouchables. Though commonly associated with India, untouchability and caste-based exclusion also appeared in regions such as Nepal, Japan, and Korea. In India, this practice caused a deep social divide and left certain communities marginalized for centuries.
Over time, reformers like Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar led movements to abolish untouchability. Their efforts were critical in the framing of India’s Constitution, which made untouchability illegal. It is still studied today as an example of a social evil and a crime against humanity. You can read more about Indian constitutional values here.
Essay on Untouchability – 150 Words
Untouchability is the unfair practice of discriminating against people based on the caste they are born into or the work they do. For centuries, groups considered “lower caste” in India and countries like Nepal suffered exclusion, humiliation, and denial of basic rights. Untouchability is a crime and a violation of human dignity. Leaders like Gandhi and Ambedkar fought hard for the removal of untouchability, helping Dalits to seek equality and justice. Today, although Indian law bans the practice, some forms of caste prejudice remain, especially in rural areas. As a society, it is our duty to treat every person with respect. Only when untouchability is completely removed, can there be true equality and unity. For more on social topics, check out our Essay on Women Empowerment.
Essay on Untouchability – 200 Words
An essay on untouchability reveals how this social evil was practiced in India and elsewhere for centuries. Untouchability meant certain people were labelled “impure” and forced to live isolated lives. They were barred from temples, schools, and public places, and denied access to basic facilities like water. This led to social, economic, and mental suffering for millions, especially Dalits. The abolition of untouchability became a central aim for several social reformers in modern history. Mahatma Gandhi called the lower-caste “Harijans” (children of God) and advocated for their upliftment. Dr. Ambedkar, himself a Dalit, played a key role in ensuring the crime against humanity of untouchability was outlawed in the Indian Constitution.
Despite laws like the Protection of Civil Rights Act, untouchability still exists in hidden forms—manifesting as social exclusion, unequal job opportunities, and prejudice in remote regions. The removal of untouchability remains crucial for India, Nepal, and any place where discrimination persists. Only with mutual respect and legal enforcement can we end this injustice. For more related essays, visit Essay on India My Motherland.
Essay on Untouchability – 500 Words
Untouchability is a grave social evil and a crime that has deeply impacted societies such as India, Nepal, and parts of South Asia for thousands of years. At its core, untouchability involves discriminating against people based on their caste and, more specifically, treating so-called “lower castes” or Dalits as impure. This practice dates back to around 1500 BC and is rooted in the rigid caste divisions detailed in ancient Indian texts. Over centuries, those labelled as untouchable were assigned menial jobs, forced to live separately, and denied opportunities for education, employment, and a dignified life.
Historically, untouchables went by different names such as “Chandala”, “Achhuta”, and “Dalit”. These communities were excluded from mainstream society, forbidden from entering temples or accessing public services. The situation was so severe that even the shadow or touch of a Dalit was believed to “pollute” upper caste people. Similar forms of exclusion were also observed in Nepali, Japanese, and Korean societies.
The causes of untouchability include strict adherence to the caste system, illiteracy, religious misinterpretations, and lack of social reforms. These—combined with economic hardship and lack of access to justice—fueled the continuation of this practice. Eminent leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar championed the removal of untouchability through various social movements, education campaigns, and legal reforms. Their advocacy ensured that the Indian Constitution (Article 17) categorically banned untouchability and made it a punishable offence.
Laws such as the Protection of Civil Rights Act (1955) and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act (1989) were enacted to eliminate discrimination and safeguard the rights of Dalits. Despite these efforts, untouchability can still be found in certain places, especially rural areas, where people may be denied entry into temples, segregated at village events, or deprived of public resources. The persistence of the problem underscores the need for ongoing education and strict law enforcement.
Untouchability is a crime against humanity because it dehumanizes entire communities. Social exclusion leads to poverty, poor health, and lack of opportunities for millions. Mental anguish, violence, and humiliation are common consequences. Therefore, it is important for every citizen—be it in India, Nepal, or elsewhere—to actively challenge any form of discrimination.
Today, awareness campaigns, inclusive policies, and youth activism are changing mindsets. Real change is possible when stories of Dalits and other marginalized people are shared in school curriculums, just as we discuss Swachh Bharat Abhiyan for cleanliness. All children must learn that equality, fraternity, and justice are essential for a healthy society. Only when untouchability is removed from every corner of modern society will true progress and harmony be achieved. For engaging with more social issue essays, browse Essays on Social Issues at Vedantu.
Tips for Writing an Essay on Untouchability
Research the history and current status: Understand how untouchability developed in India, Nepal, and other regions.
Define key terms clearly: Terms like “untouchability,” “Dalit,” and “social evil” should be explained in simple words.
Use real examples: Mention leaders or laws that contributed to the removal of untouchability in modern society.
Organise thoughts logically: Start with the causes of untouchability, effects, and then discuss solutions.
Proofread carefully: Check for grammar and spelling to ensure a clear message. For tips, visit How to Write an Introduction.
Causes and Effects of Untouchability: Key Facts Table
| Aspect | Details | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Causes | Rigid caste system, religious misinterpretation, poverty, lack of education | Exclusion from temples and schools |
| Effects | Social exclusion, economic deprivation, psychological harm | No access to water, separate seating at functions |
| Reforms | Legal bans, awareness, social campaigns | Article 17, Protection of Civil Rights Act |
Understanding these key facts will help you write a strong untouchability essay or short note for your school projects.
Short Essay on Untouchability in Modern Society: 100 Words
Untouchability in modern society means discrimination based on caste or occupation, even though it is illegal. While laws exist against untouchability in India, some forms of this social evil persist, especially in villages. It is a crime against equality and human rights. Awareness, education, and empathy are needed to completely remove untouchability. Only then can society progress. To practice your writing, visit Essay Writing Topics.
Essay on Untouchability: Key Points in Other Languages
Untouchability is also discussed in many languages. For example, students may write an essay on untouchability in Hindi language, in Telugu, or in Nepali language to raise awareness in their communities. The need to remove untouchability is universal, no matter which language you use. Teachers often assign these essays in both English and other regional languages to help students understand the harmful impact of discrimination. For language learning resources, see our English Grammar Collection.
Page Summary
Essays on untouchability help students explore one of history’s most persistent social problems—a crime with deep roots and lasting effects. By examining its causes, history, and modern challenges, learners can understand the importance of respect and equality. Vedantu’s resources encourage students to write thoughtfully on untouchability and other social issues, empowering them to be agents of change in their communities.
FAQs on Untouchability: Meaning, Causes, Effects, and Essay Writing Guide
1. What is untouchability in simple words?
Untouchability means treating some people as "untouchable" or lower due to their caste and denying them basic rights.
- Found mainly in India because of the caste system
- Victims are often called Dalits or scheduled castes
- This practice is banned by law but can still be seen in some areas
2. What is the conclusion of untouchability?
The conclusion is that untouchability is a social evil that divides society and harms equality.
- It denies human rights and creates injustice.
- Strict laws and education are needed for its removal.
- We must respect every individual, regardless of caste.
3. What are the causes of untouchability?
Untouchability is caused by old social and religious beliefs.
- Ancient caste system rules
- Lack of education and awareness
- Poverty and economic differences
- Family and village traditions
- Discriminatory customs passed through generations
4. How to write an essay on untouchability?
To write an essay on untouchability, use a clear structure:
- Start with a brief definition and introduction
- Explain the causes and give examples
- Describe the effects on people and society
- Mention government steps and laws
- End with your own conclusion or opinion
5. What is the meaning of untouchable?
An untouchable is a person considered outcast or unworthy of contact due to their caste, especially in the Indian social system.
- Often denied entry to temples, schools and public places
- Today called Dalits or scheduled castes
- This term is now considered offensive and unlawful
6. What is untouchability as a social evil?
Untouchability is called a social evil because it discriminates against people based on birth and breaks social unity.
- Denies rights and dignity to affected groups
- Creates inequality and social injustice
- Blocks progress and peace in society
7. What are the effects of untouchability?
Untouchability has many negative effects on society and individuals:
- Denial of education, jobs, and social rights for Dalits
- Lowered confidence and dignity among victims
- Social divisions, protests, and sometimes violence
- Wasted talent and blocked national progress
8. What steps has the Indian government taken against untouchability?
The Indian government has taken strong measures against untouchability:
- Article 17 of the Indian Constitution bans untouchability
- Laws like the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
- Special reservations in education and jobs for scheduled castes
- Awareness campaigns to promote equality
9. Is untouchability still present in India?
Yes, despite strict laws, untouchability is still seen in some parts of India, especially in rural and remote areas.
- Some Dalits face discrimination in temples, schools, and community events
- Many awareness campaigns are working to end it
10. Who were the leaders who fought against untouchability?
Prominent leaders fought untouchability in India:
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – drafted the Indian Constitution and fought for Dalit rights
- Mahatma Gandhi – promoted social equality and called untouchables 'Harijans'
- Jyotirao Phule and others campaigned for social reform
