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Delhi: 12th to 15th Century Class 7 Notes: CBSE History Chapter 3

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Class 7 History Chapter 3 Notes PDF on Delhi: 12th to 15th Century Download for FREE

Vedantu provides CBSE Class 7 History Revision Notes for the chapter Delhi: 12th to 15th Century, focusing on the city’s transformation over time. This chapter explores the rise of the Delhi Sultanate, the rule of significant emperors, and how Delhi became a major centre of power and culture. The notes follow the CBSE Class 7 History Syllabus, making it easier for students to understand the key events during this period.

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Table of Content
1. Class 7 History Chapter 3 Notes PDF on Delhi: 12th to 15th Century Download for FREE
2. Access Class 7 History Chapter 3 Notes on Delhi: 12th to 15th Century
    2.1The Delhi Sultans
    2.2Finding Out About the Delhi Sultans
    2.3Expansion of Delhi Sultanate
    2.4Rulers of Delhi
    2.5From Garrison Town to Empire: The Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate
    2.6The Masjid
    2.7Consolidation Under the Khaljis and Tughlaqs
    2.8Sultanates of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
3. 5 Important Topics of Class 7 History Chapter 3 Delhi: 12th to 15th Century
4. Importance of History Chapter 3 Delhi: 12th to 15th Century class 7 notes
5. Tips for Learning the Class 7 History Chapter 3 Notes on Delhi: 12th to 15th Century
6. Related Study Materials for Class 7 History Chapter 3 Delhi: 12th to 15th Century
7. Chapter-wise Revision Notes Links for Class 7 History 
8. Important Study Materials for Class 7 Social Science - History
FAQs


These Revision Notes for Class 7 History by Vedantu simplify complex topics, helping students focus on essential aspects of the chapter. With content aligned with the CBSE syllabus, these notes are perfect for effective exam preparation, ensuring students are well-equipped to tackle their exams confidently.

Access Class 7 History Chapter 3 Notes on Delhi: 12th to 15th Century

The Delhi Sultans

The Arab attacks prompted the foundation of the Delhi sultanate. This thrived for around three centuries. The Delhi sultanate comprised: Aibak(Slave), Khilji, Tuglaq, Sayyids, and the Lodis.


Finding Out About the Delhi Sultans

  • The data on the Delhi Sultans is obtained from coins, engravings, and engineering. 

  • Tawarikh was the authority authoritative under the Delhi Sultans. 

  • Raziyya became ruler in the year 1236.


Expansion of Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate Class 7 project explains that after Struggling a lot, the Delhi sultanates again controlled the Garrison towns. They expanded the trade, architecture, constructions, etc., and captured the South Indian States. Their business strategy was quite interesting, which benefited both the ends. The notable thing here is, every ruler of the dynasties had faced challenges which they overcame and in turn expanded their kingdom. The Mongol invasions had placed a checkmate to Delhi Authorities from Afghanistan. Tughluq was the first ruler who had set campaigns over the internal frontiers. In these internal frontiers, he had merged the hinterlands of Garrison towns along with forests, Yamuna doabs, habitat lands, etc.


Lodi, Sayyid, Tughluqs ruled till the middle of the 15th century. They collected taxes in three ways to feed the military people. They appointed individual rulers for all the south Indian States after the acquisition of them. These rulers started the formation of small states with respective capitals. The administration was very strong and efficient. The first manager for Bihar state, Sher Shah Sur, defeated Humayun, a Mughal emperor, and established his dynasty for 15 years.


Rulers of Delhi

The Delhi Sultanates Class 7 CBSE History Chapter 3 Notes provides a detailed explanation that Delhi was ruled by five dynasties during the period of the 12th century to the 15th century. All these dynasties were ruled by Islamic Kings but had a short span of life. Even though their life was short and was defeated by other kings, they contributed much to Delhi. The five dynasties are,


  • From 1206–1290, the Mamluk Dynasty.

  • From 1290–1320, the Khalji Dynasty.

  • From 1320–1414, the Tughlaq Dynasty.

  • From 1414–1451, the Sayyid Dynasty.

  • From 1451–1526, the Afghan Lodi Dynasty.

  • Later, the Mughal Empire was established.


The Rulers of the Delhi


Dynasty

Period/Ruler

Tomaras

Early twelfth century – 1165

Ananga Pala

1130–1145

Chauhans

1165–1192

Prithviraj Chauhan

1175–1192

Early Turkish Rulers

1206–1290

Qutbuddin Aybak

1206–1210

Shamsuddin Iltutmish

1210–1236

Raziyya

1236–1240

Ghiyasuddin Balban

1266–1287

Khalji Dynasty

1290–1320

Jalaluddin Khalji

1290–1296

Alauddin Khalji

1296–1316

Tughluq Dynasty

1320–1414

Ghiyasuddin Tughluq

1320–1324

Muhammad Tughluq

1324–1351

Firoz Shah Tughluq

1351–1388

Sayyid Dynasty

1414–1451

Khizr Khan

1414–1421

Lodi Dynasty

1451–1526

Bahlul Lodi

1451–1489


From Garrison Town to Empire: The Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate

In the early 13th century, the Delhi Sultans mainly controlled heavily fortified towns with garrisons. Their influence rarely extended beyond these towns, and they depended on trade, tribute, or plunder for supplies. It was challenging to manage distant garrison towns in regions like Bengal and Sind from Delhi, as rebellion, war, and adverse weather often disrupted fragile communication lines. Additionally, Delhi’s authority faced challenges from Mongol invasions from Afghanistan and rebellious governors exploiting any perceived weakness in the Sultan's rule. Despite these difficulties, the Sultanate managed to endure, thanks to the consolidation efforts of Ghiyasuddin Balban and further expansion under Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq.


The first set of campaigns focused on consolidating the areas around garrison towns, involving clearing forests in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and displacing hunter-gatherers and pastoralists. The cleared lands were given to peasants, agriculture was promoted, and new fortresses and towns were built to secure trade routes and boost regional trade.


The second phase of expansion targeted the “external frontier” of the Sultanate, with military campaigns into southern India starting during Alauddin Khalji's reign and continuing under Muhammad Tughluq. These campaigns brought back elephants, horses, slaves, and precious metals. By the end of Muhammad Tughluq's reign, the Delhi Sultanate's armies had extended their control over much of the subcontinent, defeating rival armies, capturing cities, collecting taxes from peasants, and administering justice throughout their realm.


The Masjid

A mosque, known as a masjid in Arabic, is a place where Muslims show reverence to Allah through prostration. In a “congregational mosque” (masjid-i-jami or jama masjid), Muslims gather to perform their prayers (namaz) together. The congregation selects the most respected and learned male to lead the prayers as the imam, who also delivers the sermon (khutba) during Friday prayers. During prayer, Muslims face Mecca, which is to the west in India, known as the qibla. The Delhi Sultans constructed numerous mosques across the subcontinent to assert their role as protectors of Islam and its followers.


Consolidation Under the Khaljis and Tughlaqs

  • Both the Khalijis and Tughlaqs governments designated military administrators as domain lead representatives for various size regions known as iqtas. The holder of iqtas was alluded to as muqti or iqtadar. 

  • The Sultans did not heavily influence significant pieces of the subcontinent, nearby clan leaders governed in these districts. 

  • Leaders like Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad Tughkuq could intermittently drive fighters here for a brief term. 

  • Genghis Khan and his Mongolian subjects attacked Transoxiana in 1219. 

  • The Mongolian assaults on Delhi fundamentally expanded under the standard of Muhammad Tughluq.


Sultanates of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

  • Until 1526 Lodi, Tughlaqs, and Sayyid dynasties ruled from Delhi to Agra. 

  • Independent rulers ruled Jaunpur, Malwa, Rajasthan, Bengal, Gujarat, and southern India.

  • This period also witnessed the rise of new ruling groups like Rajputs and the Afghans.

  • Sher Shah Suri had started his career as the administrator of a small territory in Bihar and later on won over Humayun, the Mughal emperor


5 Important Topics of Class 7 History Chapter 3 Delhi: 12th to 15th Century

S. No

Important Topics

1

Rulers of Delhi

2

Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate

3

Administration and Consolidation

4

Building of New Cities

5

The End of the Delhi Sultanate


Importance of History Chapter 3 Delhi: 12th to 15th Century class 7 notes

  • Revision notes help us quickly understand and remember key concepts before exams.

  • They save time by focusing on essential information and skipping unnecessary details.

  • These notes simplify complex topics, making them easier to understand and use.

  • They provide practical examples that show how theoretical knowledge is used in real-life situations.

  • Revision notes ensure thorough preparation by covering all important topics in a structured manner.

  • They increase confidence by clearly understanding what to expect in exams.

  • Accessible formats like PDFs allow for easy studying anytime and anywhere.


Tips for Learning the Class 7 History Chapter 3 Notes on Delhi: 12th to 15th Century

  • Focus on the names and contributions of key rulers mentioned in the chapter, like Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, and Alauddin Khilji.

  • Create a timeline to visualise the sequence of events and how the Delhi Sultanate expanded and evolved over the centuries.

  • Learn the architectural developments like the construction of the Qutub Minar, as these are significant historical landmarks.

  • Relate the concepts to real-life examples or current events to make them easy and more understandable.


Conclusion

The revision notes for Class 7 History Chapter 3, "Delhi: 12th to 15th Century," provide a clear understanding of the rise and development of Delhi during the Delhi Sultanate period. The Delhi Sultanate Notes covers the key rulers, their contributions, and the architectural and administrative advancements that shaped Delhi's history. These notes simplify the complex events and changes that occurred over several centuries, making it easier for students to grasp the important concepts. With Vedantu’s notes, students can confidently prepare for their exams by revisiting these essential topics in a straightforward manner.


Related Study Materials for Class 7 History Chapter 3 Delhi: 12th to 15th Century

S. No

Study Materials for History Class 7 Chapter 3

1.

CBSE Class 7 History Delhi: 12th to 15th Century Solutions

2.

CBSE Class 7 History Delhi: 12th to 15th Century Important Questions


Chapter-wise Revision Notes Links for Class 7 History 


Important Study Materials for Class 7 Social Science - History


FAQs on Delhi: 12th to 15th Century Class 7 Notes: CBSE History Chapter 3

1. Explain the administrative challenges of Ala-ud-din Khalji in Class 7 History Chapter 3 Delhi: 12th to 15th Century.

Even though Ala-ud-din Khalji was a great ruler, he also had to face several administrative challenges. Let's see what those challenges were and how he overcame them.

  • During the tenure of Ala-ud-din Khalji, Delhi was attacked by the enemies two times. Once it was in 1299, next, it was in 1302. But he was ever ready with a standard and a strong army.

  • For the convenience of army people, Ala-ud-din Khalji constructed a new town called Siri.

  • For feeding the army, Ala-ud-din Khalji had charged taxes on houses, cattle, cultivation. This tax amount was paid to the army in the form of salaries.

  • The army people used this salary to purchase food and groceries. But this led to the rise in prices of groceries by the merchants.

  • So, Ala-ud-din Khalji kept strict rules on the prices of groceries, and the merchants could not exceed them. This led to a successful Administration of Ala-ud-din khalji after facing many challenges.

2. In Class 7 History chapter 3 notes PDF, what are the challenges of Tughlaqs described?

Similar to Ala-ud-din Khalji, the Tughluq also faced several challenges. But he came with a new strategy. Instead of constructing a new garrison town, Tughluq had evacuated four old cities of Delhi after renovation. He kept additional taxes for feeding the military and introduced a token amount to get control over the prices. He did not keep any rules for controlling prices. Even though Tughluq tried several things to protect his army and country, nothing gave him fruitful results. Tughluq remained a failure, especially in administration.

3. Write a brief note on the administration of Delhi Sultanate provinces under the Tughlaqs and the Khaljis.

There were territories or land of various sizes known as iqtas. Military commanders were appointed as the governors of these territories. The landholders of these territories were called iqtadars or muqtis and they provided military services to the Delhi Sultan. In return, revenue from these lands was collected by these iqtadars and they could keep a part of it as their salary. Soldiers were paid by them from these revenues only. To check how much revenue was collected by the muqtis, accountants were appointed by the state. The kings also forced the samanta aristocrats to accept their authority. For a detailed explanation about the chapter, visit Vedantu website (vedantu.com).

4. Explain the types of taxes that were levied on the people during the rule of the Delhi Sultan in Class 7 Chapter 3.

During the rule of the Delhi Sultan, revenue was generated by collecting taxes from the people. Three types of taxes were levied on the people. The first one is known as “kharaj’ which refers to the tax levied on the crops. Under this, about 50 percent of the peasants’ produce was collected. The second tax was levied on cattle and finally, the third tax was levied on the houses. To revise the chapter students can download the NCERT Notes for Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3 free of cost from the vedantu website (vedantu.com).

5. What was the difference between the administrative system of Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq in Class 7 History Chapter Delhi: 12th to 15th Century?

There are many differences between the administrative system of Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad Tughluq. Some of the important differences include, 

  • Firstly, under the rule of Alauddin Khilji, the administrative system was quite successful while under the rule of Mohammad Tughluq, it was a failure.

  •  Alauddin Khilji’s reign was praised by the chroniclers for his implementation of cheap prices and efficient supplies of goods in the market. But, shifting of people to Daulatabad created complications under Mohammad Tughluq’s system and the raising of taxes was resented, which further led to the widespread of rebellion. 

  • Finally, Alauddin Khilji successfully withstood the Mongol invasion threat. The 'token' currency was recalled under Mohammad Tughluq’s system. To understand more about Chapter 3 Class 7 History, visit Vedantu app.

6. State the conditions under which Delhi became an important commercial centre in Class 7 Chapter 3 History.

Under the rule of Tomara Rajputs, Delhi first became a capital kingdom. But, in the twelfth century, the Chahamans from Ajmer defeated Tomara Rajputs. Under their rule, Delhi, which was a capital kingdom, became a commercial centre. Many rich merchants who were known as Jaina merchants lived in the city. Several temples were constructed by them. Coins known as dehliwal minted here were very popular and had a wide circulation.

7. Why do you think Barani criticised Sultan Muhammed Tughluq in Delhi: 12th to 15th Century History Class 7?

A fourteenth century chronicler, Ziauddin barani criticized Sultan Muhammed Tughluq for the following reason. Tughluq had appointed Firuj Hajjam who was a barber, Aziz Khummar who was a wine distiller, Manka Tabbakh who was a cook and two gardeners Ladhs and Pira to high administrative posts. Ziauddin Barani had reported these appointments made by the Sultan Tughluq as a sign of his loss of political  judgement and his incapacity to rule.

8. How did Delhi change during the Mughal period in History class 7?

During the Mughal period, Delhi became a major cultural and political centre. The Mughals built many famous monuments and established a rich cultural life in the city.

9. Why is Delhi significant in Indian history?

Delhi is significant because it has been the centre of political power, culture, and history for many centuries. It has seen the rise and fall of various empires and played a crucial role in India’s struggle for independence.

10. What were some important events in Delhi's history from the 12th to 15th century in Class 7 History?

Important events include the construction of iconic landmarks like the Red Fort, the impact of the 1857 revolt, and Delhi becoming the capital of British India.