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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?

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Last updated date: 17th Mar 2024
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Term 2 Chapter 8 - Free PDF

Chapter 8 Science Class 10 is all about the reproduction of organisms. Ch 8 Science Class 10 provides you with detailed knowledge in-depth about the two different types of reproduction. As far as human and plant lives are concerned, this particular chapter is very important in Class 10, and you should absorb it correctly. The NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 8 is prepared by efficient biological Science teachers.

 

These solutions help you to score well in your Science exam. This chapter is not so easy to understand. NCERT solutions provide the best quality notes for Chapter 8 Class 10 Science, which is convenient for you. Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths from Vedantu, which are curated by master teachers.


Class:

NCERT Solutions for Class 10

Subject:

Class 10 Science

Chapter Name:

Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?

Content-Type:

Text, Videos, Images and PDF Format

Academic Year:

2023-24

Medium:

English and Hindi

Available Materials:

  • Chapter Wise

  • Exercise Wise

Other Materials

  • Important Questions

  • Revision Notes



Important Topics

The Important Topics that are covered in the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce? are as follows:

  1. Do Organisms create exact copies of themselves?

    1. The Importance of Variation

  2. Modes of reproduction used by single organisms

    1. Fission

    2. Fragmentation

    3. Regeneration

    4. Budding

    5. Vegetative Propagation

    6. Spore Formation

  3. Sexual Reproduction

    1. Why the Sexual Mode of Reproduction?

    2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

    3. Reproduction in Human Beings

      1. Male Reproductive System

      2. Female Reproductive System

      3. What happens when the Egg is not Fertilised?

      4. Reproductive Health

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?
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Access NCERT Solution for Class 10 Biology Chapter 8 - How do Organisms reproduce?

1. What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?

Ans: The genetic material present in the chromosomes is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) which is present in the nucleus of a cell. The genes are carried by DNA which is responsible for all the physiological processes of an individual. Two copies of DNA are inherited by a child, one from the mother and the other from the father. This is the reason why offspring look almost like their parents. So, DNA copying during reproduction is a crucial phenomenon through which characters are passed over generations. During reproduction, the copying of DNA is very accurate. Thus, the copying of DNA is very important during reproduction. In sexually reproducing organisms, copying of DNA also produces variations, hence, a better survival advantage is given from species to species.


2. Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessarily for the individual?

Ans: Variations are sometimes beneficial to the species as the environmental conditions change considerably and their survival becomes difficult. For example, Suddenly, if the temperature of the water is increased then most of the bacteria living in that water would die. Only a few would be able to survive and those few variants are resistant to heat. However,  the whole population of bacteria would be destroyed in the absence of these variants. Thus, variants help the survival of the species. However, For individual organisms, all variations are not necessarily beneficial.


3. How does binary fission differ from multiple fission?

Ans:  A single cell divides into two equal cells in binary fission. Amoeba and Bacteria Division by binary fission occurs in Amoeba and bacteria.


Binary Fission in Amoeba


The division of one cell into many daughter cells simultaneously takes place in multiple fission. Amoeba and Plasmodium divides by multiple fission.


Multiple Fission in Plasmodium


4. How will an organism be benefited if it reproduces through spores?

Ans: Dormant and hard structures produced by some organisms are spores. They are produced in order to tide over unfavorable conditions. Thus, it becomes easy for the spores to escalate around and promote pollination.


5. Can you think of reasons why more complex organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration?

Ans: Simple organisms capable of producing new individuals through the process of regeneration are Hydra and Planaria. The new organisms from its body parts are called regeneration. This can be utilized by some organisms by the method of reproduction as their whole body is made up of fewer and the same kinds of cells in which any part of their body is often formed by growth and development. However, the Organ-system level of organization is shown by complex organisms. As an interconnected unit work is done by systems of the body of all the organisms. Regeneration can be done by their lost body parts such as skin, muscles, blood, etc. However, It is impossible to give rise to new individuals through regeneration as a complete organ cannot be formed by a specific cell or tissue. Therefore, Complete regeneration of an entire new organism is not possible. Organisms such as lizards and starfish can regenerate broken parts of the body through the process of regeneration.


6. Why is vegetative propagation practiced for growing some types of plants?

Ans: Asexual reproduction administered by vegetative parts of the plant (leaf, stem, roots) is known as vegetative propagation. This kind of propagation is self-sustaining and occurs without the presence of seeds. It has many advantages such as:

1. Dispersion of plants with no viable seeds like orchids, bananas, etc.

2. Propagation of a specific superior sort of a plant because the plants produced are going to be genetically just like the parent plant.

3. A quicker method of propagation to acquire a large number of plants in a much lesser time.

4. Introduction and propagation of plants in newer areas where seeds might not germinate due to unfavorable environmental or soil conditions.


7. Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction?

Ans: Copying of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a crucial part of reproduction as genetic information is passed from parents to offspring. The body design of an individual is determined. A copy of their DNA is produced by the reproducing cells through chemical reactions and thus it results in two copies of DNA. With the creation of additional cellular structures, the copying of DNA takes place. This process is then followed by the division of a cell to make two cells.


8. How is the process of pollination different from fertilization?

Ans: The difference between pollination and fertilization is:

Pollination

Fertilization

The process of transfer of pollen from another to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. 

Fertilization takes place after pollination. It is thus the fusion of the male and female gametes.

Pollination is administered with the assistance of pollinating agents such as air, water, birds, or insects.

Fertilization takes place inside the ovule and results in the formation of a zygote.



9. What is the role of the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?

Ans: From the seminal vesicles and prostate glands, the secretions lubricate the sperms and for the easy transport of sperms, it provides a fluid medium. They also provide nutrition to the flowing sperm in the form of fructose, calcium, and some enzymes to allow the sperm to survive for a few days until they can fertilize the egg.


10. What are the changes seen in girls at the time of puberty?

Ans: Secondary sexual characteristics in girls:

  • Breast size increases and the skin of the nipples present at the tips of the breasts gets darkened.

  • The appearance of hair within the genital area.

  • Presence of hair in other areas of skin like underarms, face, hands, and legs.

  • The size of the uterus and ovary increases.

  • The onset of the menstrual cycle.

  • There is the appearance of pimples because of more secretion of oil from the skin.

  • Widening of the hips


11. How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body?

Ans: The development of the embryo occurs inside the mother’s body for about nine months or 280 days. The embryo surrounded by the outer tissue inside the uterus develops finger-like projections called villi. The uterine tissue and maternal blood surround the villi. A large surface area is provided by them for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients. A special tissue called Placenta is embedded in the uterine wall. Oxygen and other nutrients are provided to the embryo from the mother’s blood via the placenta. The embryo also produces waste materials which get removed through the placenta.


12. If a woman is using a copper−T, will it help in protecting her from sexually transmitted diseases?

Ans: No, a copper-T will not provide for sexually transmitted diseases, as it does not prevent the entry of semen. The implantation of the embryo is only prevented in the uterus. 


Exercise Questions

1. Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in

(a) Amoeba.

(b) Yeast.

(c) Plasmodium.

(d) Leishmania.

Ans: (b) In yeast, asexual reproduction takes place through budding.


2. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings?

(a) Ovary

(b) Uterus

(c) Vas deferens

(d) Fallopian tube

Ans: (c) Vas deferens are a part of the male reproductive system not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings.


3. The anther contains

(a) Sepals.

(b) Ovules.

(c) Carpel.

(d) Pollen grains.

Ans: (d) The anther contains pollen grains.


4. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Ans: Advantages of sexual reproduction:

(i) More variations are seen in sexual reproduction. Thus, it ensures the survival of species. The characteristics of both the parents are seen in the newly formed individuals.

(ii) With comparison to asexual mode, variations are more viable in the sexual mode because in asexual reproduction the function of DNA has to be inside the inherited cellular apparatus.

(iii) In the case of sexual reproduction, progeny produced are less than those produced by asexual reproduction.


5. What are the functions performed by the testis in human beings?

Ans: In man,  the reproductive organ called the testes is present outside the abdomen within a loose pouch called the scrotum.

Functions of testes:

(i) Produce sperms

(ii) A hormone called testosterone is secreted which is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in boys.


6. Why does menstruation occur?

Ans: After puberty is reached in females, it produces a mature egg cell every month during a process called the menstrual cycle.

(i) A mature egg is released by an ovary during this period.

(ii) A new menstrual cycle begins if the egg does not get fertilized and the uterine lining is shed.

(iii) In general, a menstrual cycle lasts for 28 days.


7. Draw a labeled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower.

Ans:


Longitudinal Section of a Flower


8. What are the different methods of contraception? 

Ans: A method to prevent pregnancy is called Contraception. The contraceptive means are often broadly divided into the subsequent types: 

(i) Natural Method → The chances of meeting sperm and ovum are avoided in this method. The sexual act is avoided in this method from day 10th to 17th of the menstrual cycle as, during this period, ovulation can take place, and therefore, the possibility of fertilization is very high. 

(ii) Barrier Method → In this method, the fertilized ovum and sperm are prevented with the assistance of barriers. For both males and females, barriers are available. Condoms are barriers made from thin rubber that are used to cover the vagina in females and the penis in males 

(ii) Oral Contraceptives → This method involves tablets or drugs which have to be taken orally. These contain small doses of hormones that prevent the discharge of eggs and thus fertilization cannot occur. 

(iv) Implants and Surgical Methods →Contraceptive devices such as loop or Copper-T are placed within the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Several surgical methods can be adapted to inhibit the transfer of gametes. In order to prevent the transfer of sperms, the blocking of vas deferens is required which is known as vasectomy. Similarly, the egg will not reach the uterus by blocking the fallopian tubes of the females known as Tubectomy.


9. How are the modes for reproduction different in unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Ans: Reproduction in unicellular organisms occurs by the division of the whole cell. In unicellular organisms, the modes of reproduction are often fission, budding, etc. whereas specialized reproductive organs are present in multicellular organisms. Therefore, reproduction can take place by complex reproductive methods like vegetative propagation, spore formation, etc. The mode of reproduction will be sexual reproduction in more complex multicellular organisms like human beings and plants.


10. How does reproduction help in providing stability to populations of species?

Ans: Living organisms reproduce for the continuation of a specific species. Stability is being provided to the population of species by producing a new individual that resembles the parents. Therefore, stability is provided by reproduction to populations of species. In addition, due to the presence of variants, the species is also better equipped to handle environmental changes and at the end of the day.


11. What could be the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?

Ans: Contraceptive methods are adopted due to the subsequent reasons:

(i) For the prevention of unwanted pregnancies.

(ii) To manage population, rise or birth rate.

(iii) For the prevention of the transfer of sexually transmitted diseases.


NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?

Students who are looking for NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce? PDF can opt for Upcoming Exams and also You can Find the Solutions of All the Science Chapters below.


How Do Organisms Reproduce Class 10?

As per reproduction chapter Class 10, reproduction of organisms is of two types which are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves female and male gametes of humans and animals. This reproduction process includes the coalescence of gametes. Asexual reproduction is of different types such as budding, fission, propagation, fragmentation, etc. There is no need for gametes in asexual reproduction. This reproduction can be seen in microorganisms.


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Reproduction Class 10

Class 10 is one of the most crucial times of your academic career. Every chapter of every subject is essential in Class 10. Reproduction chapter Class 10 is critical for the students to know about the living beings and the process of giving birth to their new ones. Chapter 8 Science Class 10 describes the primary process of reproduction. Reproduction is a process through which the creatures maintain their existence.

They produce new individuals like them. Different creatures follow different ways of reproduction. The two primary reproduction ways are sexual and asexual. Both ways have some advantages and disadvantages. Class 10th Science Chapter 8 contains all about sexual and asexual reproduction. If you continue your study with Science, you should have prior knowledge of this topic from a young age. Chapter 8 Science Class 10 will help you in this matter.


Class 10 Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions

The chapter is not much difficult to understand, but this is a significant chapter for scoring in board exams. That is why you should focus on this chapter with expert guidance. You must have an excellent conceptual understanding of this lesson. NCERT helps you to learn this topic by providing chapter notes, solved examples, and suggestive questions for your exam. Experienced and efficient biology teachers prepare the NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 by following NCERT guidelines.

The solutions are easy to understand and help you to have your concept clear. These solutions contain images with examples. The problematic parts of this chapter are explained conveniently. You will get updated study materials from NCERT. These NCERT solutions and study materials will help you to achieve a good score on this Chapter 8 Science Class 10.


Class 10 Science Class 10 Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce? Weightage 2023-24

With 13% weightage in the Term 2 CBSE Class 10 Science exam, Class 10 Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?, is very important from an examination point of view. Let’s look at its topic-wise weightage. 


Topics

Expected Approximate Marks

Difference between Asexual and sexual reproduction, importance

3 marks

Methods of Asexual Reproduction - budding, fission, regeneration, fragmentation, spore formation 

3 marks each

Vegetative propagation tissue culture 

3 marks

Reproduction in plants- double fertilization and Reproduction in humans

5 marks

Adolescence 

3 marks

Methods of contraception

3 marks

Detailed diagram of the male and female reproductive system

5 marks


Importance of NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 8

Class 10 is the beginning of the academic career of a student. They appear in the first board exam of their life. It would be best if you are prepared with your syllabus. To score good marks in the board exam, you should absorb the subjects correctly. A clear conceptual understanding of every subject is essential. Reproduction chapter Class 10 is a vital chapter in your board exam. You should have a clear concept of this chapter. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 help you efficiently.

The chapter-based solutions prepared by experienced teachers help you in this regard. You can download the NCERT solutions pdf of this chapter from any of the educational websites or applications. You will get complete solved examples, question suggestions for exams, prepared notes from that pdf. All this will help you to learn this chapter effectively, and you will have a good topic understanding. That is why NCERT solutions are essential for your preparation.


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Solved Examples

1. In a flower, the parts that produce male and female gametes are called _____.

A. Stamen and anther 

B. Filament and stigma

C. Anther and ovary

D. Stamen and style

Ans: C. Anther and ovary.


2. In Rhizopus, tubular thread-like arteries bearing sporangia at their tips are called _____.

A. Filaments

B. Hyphae

C. Rhizoids

D. Roots

Ans: B. Hyphae.

Important Points

  • The fertilization process takes place inside the female's fallopian tube.

  • Cross-pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from one flower's anther to the stigma of another flower of the same species.

  • Inside the ovaries, the ovarian follicles mature into mature follicles. One mature ovarian follicle usually matures into one mature ovum. It emerges from the ovary's surface and enters the fallopian tube. Ovulation is the name for this process.

  • Female ovaries stop generating ova when they are roughly 45-50 years old. Menopause is defined as the cessation of menstrual flow as well as other occurrences such as changes in hormone composition.

  • Only lower organisms use the asexual technique of reproduction, which usually involves only one parent. Asexual propagation includes fission, budding, spore production, and vegetative propagation.


Benefits of Choosing Vedantu for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions

Here are some reasons why you should refer to Vedantu’s Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions for Chapter 8.


  • Comprehensive explanations for each exercise and questions, promoting a deeper understanding of the subject.

  • Clear and structured presentation for easy comprehension.

  • Accurate answers aligned with the curriculum, boosting students' confidence in their knowledge.

  • Visual aids like diagrams and illustrations to simplify complex concepts.

  • Additional tips and insights to enhance students' performance.

  • Chapter summaries for quick revision.

  • Online accessibility and downloadable resources for flexible study and revision.


NCERT Science Solutions Class 10 - Chapter wise PDF Download


NCERT Study Resources for Class 10 Science 

For comprehensive preparation for CBSE Class 10 Term 2 Science board exam 2023-24, click on the links below and download the free PDF of various resources available at Vedantu.



Conclusion

The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce, provided by Vedantu, is a valuable resource for 10th-grade students. It introduces biological concepts in an accessible manner. The NCERT solutions and explanations simplify complex ideas, aiding 10th-grade students in understanding the material. By utilizing these Vedantu's resources, students can develop a deeper understanding of NCERT concepts. Now, having solved Chapter 8 solutions and understanding its weightage and advantages, students are well-prepared for this crucial and extensive chapter. Early preparation and diagram practice are key; all the best in mastering Class 10 Science Chapter 8!

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 - How do Organisms Reproduce?

1. Why is Organisms Reproduction Important?

Reproduction is a biological process through which living creatures give birth to individuals like them. It is a way to maintain the existence of the creatures on this planet. This process maintains the balance and stability in the ecosystem. Also, reproduction maintains the birth and death ratio. A new living creature replaces the old creature by this process.


The species in an ecosystem increases with birth rate, and the ecosystem becomes healthy with species variation. The genes maintain the biological features by transmitting from one generation to another. Reproduction leads us to evolution. Variety in species of an ecosystem is an excellent result of reproduction.

2. What is the Process of Asexual Reproduction?

Asexual reproduction is mainly for lower animals. They don’t have gametes in their reproductive cells. Asexual reproduction does not require two animals. An individual can give birth to another by asexual reproduction. It is a process for single parent creatures such as lower animals and plants and other unicellular organisms.


Asexual reproduction is done by many processes like budding, spore-formation, fragmentation, fission, regeneration, vegetative reproduction, etc. a sexual reproduction mainly follows the cell division process. By this process, two or more identical cells are formed and that cells are formed and that cells transform into new individuals. For all these reasons, asexual reproduction is called uni-potential reproduction.

3. How do organisms reproduce as stated in Class 10 Chapter 8 syllabus?

According to the NCERT Solutions for Chapter 8, different organisms exhibit different modes of reproduction. Two main categories of reproduction are sexual and asexual. In organisms that exhibit asexual reproduction, the fusion of male gametes and female gametes does not occur whereas, in organisms that exhibit sexual reproduction, the fusion of the male and the female gametes occurs. Asexual - fission, fragmentation, vegetative propagation. Sexual reproduction - gamete fusion in humans.

4. Where can I get the solutions of NCERT Class 10 Chapter 8 Science?

The page to download NCERT solutions free of cost is-NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 8.


Apart from these solutions, you can also post questions to get your queries solved by the experts at Vedantu. Furthermore, you can also avail multiple modules of different topics and subjects easily on the Vedantu site and the app. The solutions are curated by experts and are completely reliable. 

5. What is the difference between sexual and asexual?

Sexual reproduction requires two parents and results in children that are genetically distinct. Asexual reproduction requires just one parent and results in children that are characterized by genetic similarity. Both of these are the two types of reproduction observed in organisms. Humans and most animals are characterized by sexual reproduction while plants exhibit asexual reproduction as well as sexual reproduction. 

6. What do you mean by fission?

In biology, fission refers to the splitting of a single organism into two or more pieces and the regeneration of those parts into distinct creatures that are similar to the original. Fission generally refers to how cells split into separate portions, but it may also apply to how creatures, bodies, populations, or species break into discrete sections. Binary fission and multiple fission are the two forms of fission. The parent cell divides into two equal halves, known as daughter cells, in binary fission. The organism splits into many daughter cells during multiple fission.

7. Is reproduction important?

Yes, indeed it is crucial. Reproduction keeps all types of creatures from going extinct. Reproduction is not required for an individual's life processes, but it does aid in population growth. Reproduction is necessary for the evolution of organisms through genetic recombination. Without it, no species can strive to survive and will cease to exist. Hence, it is very crucial for all organisms. You may improve your performance by going to Vedantu's website and looking through their practice modules and solutions.