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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds FREE PDF Download

Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds is an essential part of Class 10 Science, and understanding it will help you grasp the fundamental concepts of Organic Chemistry. Carbon is a unique element that forms the basis of all life on Earth. In Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer, you'll explore the versatile nature of carbon, learn about various carbon compounds, and understand their properties and uses.

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Table of Content
1. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds FREE PDF Download
2. Quick Insights for NCERT Solutions for Science Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10 PDF
3. Access NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Science Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds PDF
    3.1Intext Exercise 1
    3.2Intext Exercise 2
    3.3Intext Exercise 3
    3.4Intext Exercise 4
    3.5Intext Exercise 5
    3.6NCERT Exercises
4. Ch 4 Science Class 10 Quick Overview of Detailed Structure of Topics 
5. Important Concepts Covered in Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10
6. Benefits of Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Solutions
7. Important Study Materials for Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10
8. Conclusion
9. Links for Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science
10. Other Important Links for for Class 10 Science
FAQs


Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 has detailed solutions for all the questions in this chapter to make your learning journey easier. Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10 Solutions are prepared to help you understand complex concepts and provide step-by-step answers to enhance your problem-solving skills. 


Download the FREE PDF for Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds solutions prepared by Vedantu Experts and updated according to the CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus. Start with Vedantu to pursue a path of academic excellence!


Quick Insights for NCERT Solutions for Science Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10 PDF

  • Class 10 Science Chapter 4 offers insights into the versatile nature of Carbon and its ability to form many compounds.

  • Ch 4 Science Class 10 explains carbon compounds, including hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

  • Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10 explores single, double, and triple bonds in carbon compounds and how they affect properties.

  • Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer helps to get familiar with the naming rules for carbon compounds, including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

  • Chapter 4, Science Class 10, explains important reactions involving carbon compounds, such as combustion, oxidation, and substitution.

  • Students will gain an understanding of soap and detergents and how they remove dirt from clothes.

  • Utilising Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds PDF can help students assess their level of preparation and build a foundation in Organic Chemistry.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds
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Access NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Science Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds PDF

Intext Exercise 1

Question 1: What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO2?

Solution 1: Cross dot structure of CO2 is

Cross dot structure of CO2 is.png


Question 2: What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? (Hint – The eight atoms of sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring.)

Solution 2: Dot structure of a S8 molecule: 

Dot structure of a S8 molecule.png


Intext Exercise 2

Question 1: How many structural isomers possible for pentane?

Solution 1:

Three structural isomers for pentane.

(i) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

(ii) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3

(iii) C(CH3)4


Question 2: What are the two properties of carbon to form a large number of compounds?

Solution 2: The two properties of carbon to form a large number of compounds are:

(i) Catenation − It is the ability to form a bond with itself. It is the self-linking ability. 

(ii) Tetravalency − Carbon can make only four bonds. That arrangement of the atoms is

known as tertravalency.


Question 3: What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane? Solution 3: The formula for cyclopentane is C5H10.

The formula for cyclopentane is C5H10.png

Question 4: Draw the structures for the following compounds.

(i) Ethanoic acid

(ii) Bromopentane

(iii) Hexanal

(iv) Butanone

Solution 4:

(i) Ethanoic acid

Ethanoic acid.png


(ii) CH3CH2CH2CH(Br)CH3

CH3CH2CH2CH(Br)CH3.png


(iii) Hexanal

Hexanal.png


(iv) Butanone

Butanone.png


Question 5: Write the name of the following compounds.

(i)

Bromoethane.png
 


(ii)

Methanal.png


(iii)

Hexyne.png



Solution 5:

(i) Bromoethane

(ii) Methanal

(iii) Hexyne


Intext Exercise 3

Question 1: Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?

Solution 1: The conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid by the addition of oxygen to ethanol. it is an oxidation reaction.

C2H5OH $\xrightarrow[]{[\text{O}]}$ CH3COOH

Question 2: A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used? 

Solution 2: When ethyne is burnt in the air, it gives a sooty flame due to its unsaturation nature. if ethyne is burnt with oxygen, it gives a clear flame at a temperature of 2500°C because of complete combustion. Oxy-acetylene flame is used for welding. It is difficult to attain this much high temperature without mixing oxygen that's why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used. 


Intext Exercise 4

Question 1: Distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Solution 1: When alcohol and carboxylic acid react with carbonates and bicarbonates, only carboxylic acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates, evolving the CO2 gas that turns lime water milky.


Question 2: What are oxidising agents?

Solution 2: An oxidizing agent is a reactant that removes electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. For example: Alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and acidified potassium dichromate(K2Cr2O7)


Intext Exercise 5

Question 1: Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?

Solution 1: Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain hydrocarbons. Hard water contains the chloride and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to the hard water forms less lather so some amount of salt is unused. This insoluble salt is known as scum. Detergent will give a good amount of lather in hard water as well as soft water. we can't identify through this that water is hard or soft.


Question 2: People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding the soap, they ‘beat’ the clothes on a stone, or beat it with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes?

Solution 2:

Soap contains the two parts. One part is hydrophilic and other part is hydrophobic. Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. When the dirty clothes dip in the soap solution. the hydrophobic ends attach the dirt and form a huge cluster. This cluster is known as micelle and traps the dirt.


NCERT Exercises

Question 1: How many covalent bonds are in C2H6?

(a) 6 covalent bonds.

(b) 8 covalent bonds.

(c) 7 covalent bonds.

(d) 5 covalent bonds.

Solution 1: (c) 7 covalent bonds.


Question 2: What is the functional group in the Butanone?

(a) Ketone

(b) aldehyde.

(c) Ether

(d) alcohol.

Solution 2: (a) ketone.


Question 3: When the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside while cooking, it shows that

(a) the food is cooked completely.

(b) the fuel is not burning completely.

(c) the food is not cooked.

(d) the fuel is burning completely.

Solution 3: (b) The bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, then it means that the fuel is not burnt completely.


Question 4: Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.

Solution 4: Carbon is tetravalent in nature. In the outermost shell, carbon has four electrons removal of these electrons needs more energy, and gaining the four electrons needs more energy. To complete the octet, carbon needs to share the four electrons with other carbon atoms or different atoms. Carbon forms one bond with chlorine and three bonds with hydrogen.

three bonds with hydrogen.png


Question 5: Draw the cross dot structures of the following compounds.

(a) Ethanoic acid.

(b) H2S.

(c) Propanone.

(d) F2.

Solution 5:

(a) Ethanoic acid.

Ethanoic acid..png


(b) H2S

H2S.png


(c) Propanone

Propanone


(d) F2

F2.png


Question 6: What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.

Solution 6: A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have same chemical properties but different physical properties and the differences between two successive compounds is -CH2.

For example: Alkanes family. The general formula of Alkane is CnH2n+2.

Methane CH4

Ethane CH3CH3

Propane CH3CH2CH3

Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3


Question 7: How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?

Solution 7:

Physical properties:

The melting point of ethanol is -114.1 °C and ethanoic acid is 16.6 °C. Ethanoic acid melting point is below the room temperature it freezes during winters. Ethanol is liquid at room temperature but ethanoic acid is solid at room temperature. Ethanol has pleasant smell and ethanoic acid is vinegar smell.


Chemical Properties:

Ethanol is alcohol and ethanoic acid is carboxylic acid. When alcohol and carboxylic acid

reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates than only carboxlylic acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates and evolve the CO2 gas that turns lime water milky.

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O 


Question 8: In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?

Solution 8:

In the electrolytic refining of a metal M:

Anode → Impure metal M

Cathode → Pure metal M

Electrolyte → Solution of salt of the metal M


Question 9: Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?

Solution 9: When the saturated carbon compounds burnt with air form a carbon dioxide, water with lot of energy and light. In this reaction, no smoke will produce so less pollution. It is exothermic process. It is used as fuels because high calorific value.


Question 10: Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.

Solution 10: Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. Hard water contains the chloride and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to the hard water form less lather so some amount of salt is unused. This insoluble salt is known as scum.


Question 11: What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?

Solution 11: Soap is basic in nature so red litmus turns blue but blue litmus remains the same.


Question 12: What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?

Solution 12: The addition of hydrogen on the unsaturated compounds are known as hydrogenation. It is a addition reaction in the presence of Ni/Pt/Pd as catalyst. Unsaturated compounds convert into the saturated compounds. Through this process, the vegetable oil is converted into ghee. 

he vegetable oil is converted into ghee.


Question 13: Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions:

C2H6, C3H8, C3H6, C2H2 and CH4.

Solution 13: Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. The unsaturated hydrocarbons General formula is CnH2n-2 or CnH2n. In the given compounds C3H6 and C2H2 undergo addition reactions while C2H6, C2H8 and CH4 are saturated hydrocarbon.


Question 14: Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.

Solution 14: Cooking oil is unsaturated fats but the butter is saturated. By hydrogenation, oil will reacts but butter will not reacts.


Question 15: Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.

Solution 15: Cleansing action of soaps:

Soap contains two parts. One part is hydrophilic and other part is hydrophobic. Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. When the dirty clothes dip in the soap solution. The hydrophobic ends attach the dirt and form a big cluster. This cluster is known as micelle and traps the dirt. 


This cluster is known as micelle and traps the dirt.png



Ch 4 Science Class 10 Quick Overview of Detailed Structure of Topics 

Topics

Subtopics 

Bonding in Carbon – The Covalent Bond

  • Understanding the covalent bond

Versatile Nature of Carbon

  • Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds

  • Chains, Branches, and Rings

  • Will you be my Friend? 

  • Homologous Series

  • Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds

Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

  • Combustion

  • Oxidation

  • Addition Reaction

  • Substitution Reaction

Some Important Carbon Compounds – Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

  • Properties of Ethanol

  • Properties of Ethanoic Acid

Soaps and Detergents

  • Understanding Soaps and Detergents



Important Concepts Covered in Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10

Here are the important points from Chapter 4, Science Class 10: Carbon and Its Compounds:


  • Unique Nature of Carbon:

    • Carbon can form four covalent bonds (tetravalency).

    • It can form single, double, and triple bonds.

    • Carbon atoms can bond to form long chains, branched chains, and rings.

  • Types of Carbon Compounds:

    • Hydrocarbons: Compounds consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.

    • Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes): Contain single bonds (e.g., methane, ethane).

    • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Contain double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes) (e.g., ethene, ethyne).

  • Functional Groups:

    • Groups of atoms that impart specific properties to organic compounds.

    • Examples: Alcohol (-OH), Aldehyde (-CHO), Ketone (-CO-), Carboxylic Acid (-COOH), and Halides (F, Cl, Br, I).

  • Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds:

    • Rules for naming carbon compounds based on the IUPAC system.

    • Prefixes and suffixes denote the number of carbon atoms and the type of bonds/functional groups.

  • Homologous Series:

    • A series of compounds with the same functional group but different chain lengths.

    • Each member differs from the next by a -CH2- unit.

    • The properties of compounds change progressively with increasing molecular mass.

  • Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds:

    • Combustion: Carbon compounds burn in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

    • Oxidation: Alcohols can be oxidised to aldehydes and further to carboxylic acids.

    • Addition Reactions: Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) undergo addition reactions (e.g., hydrogenation).

    • Substitution Reactions: Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) undergo substitution reactions.

  • Soaps and detergents work by utilising molecules that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts. This characteristic enables them to break down and disperse oily dirt through emulsification, facilitating removal.


Benefits of Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Solutions

  • Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer provides detailed explanations covering all topics, including the versatile nature of carbon, types of carbon compounds, chemical properties, and nomenclature.

  • Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10 PDF gives step-by-step solutions that help understand complex concepts, such as bonding in carbon, functional groups, isomerism, and important reactions, ensuring the clarity of fundamental principles.

  • Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds PDF is prepared by Vedantu’s Master Teachers and provides accurate explanations.

  • Vedantu's NCERT Solutions helps students develop effective problem-solving strategies by providing solutions to exercises and questions.

  • Class 10 Science Chapter 4 is aligned with the updated CBSE syllabus for Class 10 Science, ensuring that students cover the topics and concepts required for the present academic year.

  • Vedantu provides additional resources such as class notes, important concepts, formulas, and exemplar solutions.


Important Study Materials for Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10



Conclusion

Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds offer valuable assistance to students. These solutions are prepared to simplify complex concepts related to carbon compounds, making them easier to understand. Students must focus on understanding the different types of carbon compounds, their properties, and their uses in daily life. By practising the step-by-step solutions provided, students can strengthen their grasp on this topic and improve their problem-solving skills. In previous year’s question papers, around 8-10 questions were asked in this chapter, emphasising its importance in the examination.


Links for Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science



Other Important Links for for Class 10 Science

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds

1. What is the Significance of Carbon and its Compounds?

Carbon is a varied element having tetravalent arrangement and the characteristic of catenation. Carbon makes covalent bonds (double and triple bond) with atoms of oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, and also Carbon itself. The presence of four electrons on the valence shell of Carbon helps it share electrons between the atoms resulting in the development of covalent bonds to fill its peripheral shell. There are three kinds of carbon chains - branched, ring and straight. Compounds of Carbon such as ethanoic acid and ethanol are utilized in our daily lives as detergents and soaps. Carbon is also essential for fuel which in turn is a crucial natural resource.

2. What are the Topics Included in Chapter 4 Science Class 10?

In this chapter, we learn some exciting compounds and their properties. The chapter commences with the introduction, which is then accompanied by the covalent bonding of carbon compounds, the versatile nature of Carbon and the allotropes of carbon atoms. The knowledge of Carbon is of immense significance and is the critical content of this chapter. Later in the chapter, we get to understand saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds, the different types of structure, formula and nomenclature of carbon compounds. We also learn about the chemical properties of carbon compounds such as combustion, oxidation, and addition and substitution reaction. The chapter ends with the properties of essential carbon compounds.

3. List out the important topics present in Chapter 4 of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science.

The topics present in Chapter 4 of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science are as follows :

  • The Covalent Bond in Carbon 

  • Allotropes of Carbon

  • The Versatile Nature of Carbon 

  • Saturated and Unsaturated Carbons Compounds

  • Chains, Branches, and Rings

  • Friendly Nature of Carbon

  • Homologous Series

  • Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds

  • Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

  • Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

  • Properties of Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid

  • Soap and Detergent.

4. How can I understand Class 10 Science Chapter 4?

You can understand Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compound by referring to NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 4 on Vedantu. You can get the best explanations of the chapter including details on all important subtopics. The easy language will help you in grasping the concepts. All the exercises and in-text questions are also fully solved to give you a complete understanding of the chapter. 

5. Do I need to practice all the questions present in the NCERT Solution Class 10 Science Chapter 4?

Yes, it is best to solve and practice all the questions under each section and sub-topic of the chapter in the NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 4 on Vedantu. You never know which question is more important and which section will come in your exam, so you need to balance all topics and sub-topics equally. Do not waste time going for selective studies as this will not help you in completing your chapter fully. 

6. Is Class 10 Science Chapter 4 easy for students?

Yes, Class 10 Science Chapter 4 is easy for those students who are not afraid of studying and practising chapters present in the NCERT textbook. You need to be confident about what you are studying and the best companion for your preparation is the NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science on Vedantu. These solutions will help you in getting a better understanding of this chapter in the easiest way possible. You can download the PDFs of these solutions from the Vedantu website or from the Vedantu app at free of cost.

7. How can I solve Class 10 Science Chapter 4?

You can solve Class 10 Science Chapter 4 by referring to the NCERT Solutions on Vedantu. By referring to the NCERT Solutions PDF, you have step-by-step solutions to each question in a detailed but comprehensive language. If you practice the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, you will be fully prepared to answer any question from that chapter.

8. What are the rules of the IUPAC Nomenclature of carbon compounds in Carbon And Its Compounds Class 10?

The rules of IUPAC nomenclature for carbon compounds are as follows:

  • Identify the Longest Carbon Chain (Parent Chain):

    • Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the molecule. This chain serves as the parent chain.

  • Numbering the Carbon Atoms:

    • Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain sequentially, starting from the end nearest to a substituent or functional group. The aim is to assign the lowest possible numbers to the substituents.

  • Naming Substituents (Branches):

    • Identify and name any substituent groups attached to the parent chain. Use prefixes such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc., to denote the substituents.

  • Locating Substituents:

    • Indicate the position of substituent groups by specifying the carbon atom to which they are attached. Use the numbered prefix before the substituent name to indicate the position.

  • Alphabetical Order:

    • When naming compounds with multiple substituents, arrange the substituent names alphabetically. Prefixes such as di-, tri-, tetra-, etc., indicating multiple substituents, are not considered for alphabetical ordering.

  • Naming Functional Groups:

    • If the compound contains functional groups, prioritize them over alkyl substituents in naming. Functional groups are named using specific suffixes or prefixes according to their priority in the IUPAC system.

  • Indicating Multiplicity of Bonds:

    • Differentiate between single, double, or triple bonds in the parent chain by using appropriate suffixes (-ane for single bonds, -ene for double bonds, -yne for triple bonds).

  • Use of Hyphens and Commas:

    • Hyphens are used to separate numbers from letters, and commas are used to separate numbers. For example, 2,4-dimethylhexane indicates methyl groups at the 2nd and 4th carbon atoms of a hexane chain.