Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11 Notes CBSE Biology Chapter 5 (Free PDF Download)

Section–A (1 Mark Questions)

1. In mangroves, pneumatophores are the modified adventitious roots. How are these roots helpful to the plant?

Ans. Pneumatophores in mangroves help the plant to get oxygen for respiration.

2. State the main function of leaf tendril.?

Ans. In some plants, the leaves get converted to tendrils which help the plant for climbing, e.g., pea.

3. Why are mustard flowers referred to as hypogynous.?

Ans. The flowers of mustard are called hypogynous because the ovary is situated at the top and the other three whorls are inserted below it.

4. Name two plants where seeds do not have endosperm?

Ans. The plants that do not have an endosperm are beans, gram and pea.

5. What is the name given to the cotyledon in the case of monocots?

Ans. The monocots consist of one large and shield-shaped cotyledon known as the scutellum.

Section–B (2 Mark Questions)

6. What type of aestivation in corolla is found in the pea flower? Explain.

Ans. In peas, a vexillary type of aestivation is present in the corolla. In this type, there are five petals. The largest one (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel). This type of aestivation is also called papilionaceous. 

7. What is venation in leaves? What are the types of venation?

Ans. Vention- It is the arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of a leaf. There are mainly two types of venations:-

Parallel venation: In this, the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, e.g., monocotyledons.

Reticulate venation:  In this, the veinlets form a network, e.g., dicotyledons. 

8. Provide the scientific terms for the following. 

(i) Swollen leaf base in leguminous plants.

(ii) The flat and expanded portion of a leaf. 

(iii) Orderly arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. 

(iv) Lateral appendages on either side of the lea

Ans. (i) Pulvinus

(ii) Lamina/ leaf blade

(iii) Phyllotaxy 

(v) Stipules

9. What do you mean by inflorescence? Explain different types of it.

Ans. Inflorescence- It is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis. It is divided into two types based on whether the apex gets converted into a flower or continues to grow.

(i) Racemose inflorescence- In this, the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession. 

(ii) Cymose inflorescence- In this, the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth. The flowers are borne in a basipetal order.

10. Distinguish between prop root and stilt roots.

Ans. Prop roots- these roots arise from horizontal aerial branches of a tree. They provide support to the plant, e.g., the banyan tree.

Stilt roots- these roots arise from lower nodes of the stem. These roots provide support to the stem, e.g., maize, sugarcane.

11. (a) What are the three parts of an ovary?

(b) Define apocarpous ovary and syncarpous ovary. 

Ans. (a) The ovary is divided into three parts: stigma, style, and ovary.

(b) Apocarpous ovary- When more than one carpel is present, they may be free and called apocarpous, e.g., lotus and rose.

Syncarpous ovary- In such ovaries, carpels are fused, e.g., mustard and tomato.

Notes of Chapter 5 Biology Class 11 Free PDF Download

Yes, you read it right! You can download Chapter 5 Biology Class 11 Notes PDF free of cost. Besides, the important notes are prepared by experienced tutors that too following the latest CBSE rules and guidelines. This handy tool will not only help you in achieving desired scores but also improve your learning experience.

Mastering Class 11 Biology Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants - Notes, and Tips for Success

In the following section, you can get a glimpse of the topics provided in the Biology Notes for Class 11 Chapter 5 PDF.

Morphology involves the study of structure, size, colour, form, etc. of various components of an organism. Like you have read it in your previous classes, parts of a plant can be classified into two sections – the root and shoot system.

Roots: First, the topics of the root systems are covered. The classifications like taproots, fibrous roots and adventitious roots are elaborated. Next, the different root regions are discussed in Chapter 5 Class 11 Biology Notes:

• Root cap.

• Place where the meristematic activity takes place.

• Elongation region.

• Maturation region.

• Root hairs.

Furthermore, the roots of a few plants change their structure and shape to offer other functions. Some examples are storage, respiratory, prop, adventitious, stilt, climbing, foliar and haustorial roots.

Stem: In this section of Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 5, you will get to know about the different parts of the shoot system starting with the stem, nodes, internodes, etc. Further, the various modifications of stem-like sub-aerial modification (runner, stolon, sucker and offset), underground modification (tuber, rhizome, corm and bulb), and aerial modification (phylloclade and thorns) are discussed.

Leaf: Biology Class 11 Chapter 5 Notes PDF covers all the details related to leaves as per the CBSE curriculum. Starting from the diagram, leaf parts (leaf base, petiole and lamina), leaf types, lifespan of a leaf to lamina venations, students can stay assured to find every essential detail. Plus, the modification of leaves is also discussed explicitly.

Inflorescence: This section of Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Notes cover the definition of inflorescence along with its types like racemose and cymose. These two classifications are further segregated into various types mentioned below:

• Racemose – Raceme, spike, catkin, spadix, corymb, capitulum and umbel.

• Cymose – Uniparous cyme (helicoid cyme and scorpioid cyme), dichasial or biparous cyme and multiparous cyme.

In the last portion of the leaf segment of class 11 Bio Ch 5 notes, special kinds of inflorescence like cyathium, hypanthodium and verticillaster are provided.

Flower: Ch 5 Bio Class 11 Notes PDF’s flower section introduces you to the various significant details about the flower and its comprising parts – stamen, petal, sepal and carpel, flower symmetry, floral leaf insertion, bract types, etc. Plus, you will also get to study about the different parts of a flower-like corolla and calyx and its various forms. Moreover, information about the types of aestivation in corolla is explored like valvate, twisted, imbricate and vexillary.

Detailed explanations on stamen cohesions (monadelphous, diadelphous, synandrous, syngenesious and polyadelphous), stamen adhesions, their length, ovule cohesion, placentation, etc., have also been provided.

Fruit and Seed: Like the previous parts of a plant, the fruit and seed section also covers all details associated with the same. Like for instance, you will get accustomed to what is meant by epicarp, endocarp, mesocarp, true and false fruit, fruit classifications, etc. On the other hand, the seed section covers the structure of a dicot and monocot seed.

Besides, some other topics like the semi-technical description of a flowering plant, vegetative character, floral characters, and essential flowering plant families and their economic importance, etc. are also elaborated.

This Biology Chapter 5 class 11 Notes offered by Vedantu can be used as a last-minute preparation aid for exams. You can easily download the same and study it anywhere at any point in time both online and offline.

Conclusion

The revision notes for Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants provided by Vedantu are an excellent resource for students to revise the important concepts covered in the chapter. The notes cover all the important topics in the chapter, including the different parts of a flowering plant, their functions, and adaptations. The revision notes are presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner, making it easier for students to retain the information. They also include diagrams and illustrations to help students visualize the different structures and processes. Vedantu provides additional study materials, such as sample papers and solutions to previous year question papers, to help students prepare for their exams. By using these resources, students can revise the important concepts covered in the chapter and perform well in their exams.