The Indo-China Border

India has land borders with several sovereign countries, including China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. India and China share a 3488-kilometre border that runs through the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, and Arunachal Pradesh. China also shares a border with India in Tibet Autonomous Region. We also know that there are several boundary issues between the two countries. Line of Actual Control (LAC), which is one of India and China's disputed border sections, separates Jammu and Kashmir from Aksai Chin. 

India and China have five Border Personnel Meeting Points (BPMs) where they hold flag meetings to discuss military issues as well as ceremonial BPMs for cultural exchange to improve bilateral relations by celebrating New Year's Day (January 1), India's Republic Day (January 26), Harvest Festival (April 14), PLA Day (May 15), and Indian Independence Day (May 15). (August 15). The playing of each country's national anthem, saluting of their respective flags, and ceremonial addresses by representatives of both armies are all part of these gatherings.

Only Indian people are permitted to visit Bum La Pass and Nathu La, two of the numerous BPM passes/sites, on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, after getting an Inner Line Permit (ILP) one day in advance.

From east to west, these BPM crossings and border stations where these meetings are held are as follows:

• DBO

• Gap of Spanggur (Chushul)

• Nathu La: Pilgrims to Sikkim's monasteries, such as Rumtek, one of Buddhism's holiest sites, use the Nathu La pass. The pass cuts the time it takes Hindus to reach Lake Manasarovar from fifteen to two days.

• Bum La: Sundays and during cultural festivities in Bum La Pass (Tawang).

• India's Kaho (north of Kibithu, in Walong sector).

States That Share Boundaries with China

Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir is primarily located in the Himalayas. In the east, it shares a border with Aksai Chin, an area administered by China. South of the state, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh border it. Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir, both ruled by Pakistan, are also included. This state has a summer and winter capital, with Srinagar serving as the summer capital. The area is 39146 square miles (101,387 square kilometres), and the population is 12,541,302, according to the 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 67.16%, Urdu, Dogri and Kashmiri as well as Ladakhi, Balti, Gojri, and Dari, are all widely spoken languages. 

On terraced slopes, the vast majority of the people of Jammu and Kashmir practised subsistence agriculture, with crops adapted to local conditions. When planting rice in May, it will be harvested by September. Summer crops include corn, millet, lentils, cotton, rice, and tobacco. Spring crops include wheat and barley. Weaving, silks, shawls, basketry, pottery, copper, silverware and walnut wood are some of the small-scale industries in Jammu & Kashmir that are well-known throughout the region.

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Himachal Pradesh

In the east, the state borders China. It is bounded on the south by Uttar Pradesh, on the southeast by Uttarakhand, on the southwest by Haryana, on the west by Punjab, and on the north by Jammu and Kashmir. The name of the state is derived from one of its eminent Sanskrit scholars, Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma. 

Himachal Pradesh is a scenic region with lofty snow-capped mountains, deep gorges, densely forested valleys, large lakes, terraced fields, and cascading streams. Himachal Pradesh means "snowy slopes", and Himachal Pradesh means "state." Shimla is the state capital of Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh became a state of India on January 25, 1971. It has a land area of 21,495 square miles, i.e., 55,673 km2. Himachal Pradesh has a population of 6,856,509 people, according to the 2011 Census. The literacy rate is 68.74%. (2011). Hindi, English, Punjabi, Kinnauri, Pahari, Kangri, Dogri, and other languages are spoken. The Snow Leopard is a state animal. Western Tragopan is the state bird. Pink Rhododendron is the state flower, and Deodar is the state tree.

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Uttarakhand

India's northern and central regions are covered by this state. Himachal Pradesh borders China in the north, Nepal in the east, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana in the south-west and Himachal Pradesh in the north-west. A large number of Hindu temples and pilgrimage sites in the state have led to it being referred to as Devabhumi, which means the land of the gods. 

Dehradun is the state capital of Uttarakhand. Please note that Uttaranchal was created on 9 November 2000 and changed its name to Uttarakhand on 1st January 2007. A total of 20,650 square miles of land is covered by the country (53,483 square km). According to the 2011 census, there are 10,086,292 people in the country. Uttarakhand has a literacy rate of 79.63 per cent. They speak Hindi, Sanskrit, Garhwali, Kumaonian Jaunsari, Urdu and Bhotiya, among other languages; Uttarakhand has a mild climate. 79.33 per cent of people in Uttarakhand are literate (2011 census). A large number of Hindu temples and pilgrimage sites have earned Uttarakhand the title of Land of Lords or Devbhumi.

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Arunachal Pradesh

This is the country's most northeastern state. Arunachal Pradesh and China share a border known as the McMahon Line. In addition, the Republic of China claims a sizable portion of the state. The People's Republic of China even refers to it as "South Tibet." Bhutan, Myanmar, Assam, and Nagaland are also neighbours.

Itanagar is the state capital of Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh means "Land of the Rising Sun." It has a land area of 32,333 square miles (83,743 square kilometres) and a population of 1,382,611 according to the 2011 Census. Agriculture employs more than half of Arunachal Pradesh's population. The literacy rate is 65.38 per cent (2011 Census). Languages spoken include Monpa, Apatani, Hill, Miri, and others. The state bird is the Horn Bill, the state animal is the Mithun, the state flower is the Foxtail Orchid, and the state tree is the Hollong.

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Sikkim

In the north, this northeastern state borders China. Sikkim shares its borders primarily with other countries and with only one state within India, West Bengal. It shares borders with Nepal on the west and Bhutan on the east. The biodiversity of the state is well-known. The Khangchendzonga National Park encompasses roughly one-third of India's second-smallest state.

Gangtok is Sikkim's capital. It covers an area of 2,740 square miles (7,096 square km). According to the 2011 Census, its population is 607,688 people. Literacy is at 81.42 percent. Nepali, Sikkimese, Bhutia, Lepcha, Limboo, Magar, Rai, Hindi, English, and other languages are spoken. Sikkim is also well-known for its biodiversity. It is home to the Khangchendzonga National Park. In July 2016, it was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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