Judiciary Class 8 Notes Political Science (Civics) Chapter 5 - PDF Download





















FAQs on Judiciary Class 8 Notes CBSE Political Science Chapter 5 (Free PDF Download)
1. What are the Different Branches of the Legal System?
Ans: There are two branches of the legal system: criminal law and civil law. Let’s look at some of the key differences between these two branches.
Criminal Law | Civil Law |
This branch of law deals with conduct or acts that are defined by the law as offences. Eg: Theft, dowry, murder, harassing a woman, etc. | This branch of law deals with any injury or harm to the rights of individuals. Eg: Disputes relating to purchase of goods, real estate disputes like sale of land and rent matters, divorce cases, etc. |
If found guilty, the accused can be sent to jail or fined, or both in some cases. | In case of disputes related to the civil law, the court provides the specific relief that the aggrieved party has asked for. |
The first step in case of criminal law matters is the lodging of a First Information Report (FIR) with the police. The police investigate the crime and then file a case in the court. | In the case of civil law matters, a petition needs to be filed by the affected party only, before the relevant court. |
2. Do all the Citizens of India have a Right and Access to the Courts?
Ans: Every citizen of India has a right to justice through the courts. However, access to courts is still difficult for a vast majority of the poor in India as it involves a lot of money, paperwork as well as time.
3. What is the Structure of Courts in India?
Ans: The structure of courts in India has three levels:
Supreme Court - The highest level.
High Courts.
District Courts.
4. Write down some examples of the following disputes.
(A) A dispute between the centre and the state
Ans: Disputes over voting share in the GST Council
(B) A dispute between two States
Ans: Kaveri River dispute between Karnataka and TamilNadu
(C) A dispute between two citizens
Ans: Property disputes in the country
(D) A dispute between two countries
Ans: Dispute over Aksai Chin between India and People’s Republic of China
5. What is the meaning of law and judiciary?
Ans: Law is the set of rules imposed by the government which is applied to govern the citizens of India. It helps to shape society's politics and economics in many ways.
The Judiciary is the system of courts that explains, defends, and applies the law in legal cases. The judiciary’s work is divided into three categories:
The resolution of the dispute
Judicial review
Validating the law and applying fundamental rights
6. What is a PIL?
Ans: PIL stands for Public Interest Litigation which is filed in a court for the protection of public interest such as pollution, safety, etc. PIL can be filed:
Against the government policies
For the violation of human rights and fundamental rights
For a complaint against civic authorities for not performing their duties
7. Explain the terms Acquit and Appeal
Ans: The term acquits means that the court has declared a person not guilty of the charges which they have been tried for in front of the court. To appeal means to file a petition before a higher court to listen to a case that has already been judged by a lower court.
8. What are the six major fundamental rights in the constitution of India?
Ans: The six major fundamental rights given in the Constitution of India are:
Right to equality
Right to freedom
Right against exploitation
Right to freedom of accepting any religion
Cultural and educational rights
Right to constitutional remedies