NEET Important Questions Molecular Basis of Inheritance
FAQs on Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions 2024
1. State the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin.
Heterochromatin and Euchromatin are both a kind of chromatin. Heterochromatin present in the chromosome is a DNA which has a tight packing, whereas euchromatin is loosely packed DNA structures. Heterochromatin is generally present at the periphery of the nucleus, and euchromatin mainly lies in the inner body of the nucleus. In heterochromatin, there is absolutely no change in the phenotype and the coiling is compact too. In euchromatin, there is possible variation in phenotype and the coiling is comparatively loose with genetic transcription.
2. What is DNA polymorphism?
DNA polymorphism is referred to as different DNA sequences among different groups of individuals or populations. At the DNA level, it has a wide variation from single base pair change and repeated sequences. DNA polymorphisms are in different forms which can be tracked using various other techniques including RFLPs, which stands for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Other such is polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), and other hybridization techniques using microarray chips of DNA and genome sequencing. DNA polymorphism, being a genetic marker, is endless and so are its discoveries every now and then.
DNA fingerprinting is also commonly known as DNA typing, genetic fingerprinting and identity testing. It is a method in which there is isolating and identifying of elements taking place, with respect to DNA. The procedure for the same includes collecting a sample of cells, such as in the form of hair, skin, or blood. Later then DNA are cut at specific points with and around the strands of proteins, which are known as restriction enzymes. In general, it uses certain chemicals so as to separate these strands of DNA and later reveals the parts of your genome.
DNA replication is a complete biological process which works upon two replicas of DNA, completely identical, from one real DNA Molecule. It is considered as one of the most essential processes for the part of biological inheritance and it takes place in almost every living organism. Its importance lies for the cell division which occurs during its growth and repairing of those damaged tissues. The process is divided into three particular stages, initiation, elongation, and termination. Each strand of the given DNA is a proof for the template of production of its counterpart.
5. What is an operon?
Operon basically is a genetic regulatory system having structural genes and which is confirmed to be found in viruses and bacterias. It is present in such bacterias where genes coding for the given proteins are grouped along the DNA. This particular system allows the procedure of protein synthesis which needs to be controlled coordinately with regard to the need of the cells. The operon on the other hand, gives allowance to the cell regarding conservation of Energy, which is thereby considered as a vital factor in the lives of the organism's strategy.