Class 4 EVS Chapter 8: How Things are Made – NCERT Stepwise Solutions

Activity 1 (Page 119)

Make Recycled Paper

1. Collect materials: Old newspapers. some fenugreek seeds (metlu) and water
2. Prepare the paper pulp: Tear the newspapers into small pieces and soak them in water. Put a small quantity of fenugreek seeds in the water and leave it overnight. The fenugreek seeds are used as a binding material.
3. Using a grinder, blend or mash the soaked paper and fenugreek seeds, to create a wet mixture. Soaked paper can also be mashed using hands or any other available tool.
4. Roll out: Spread the paste on a flat base and roll it out into thin sheets.
5. Leave the rolled sheets of paper to dry. Your recycled paper is ready.

Answer: Follow the steps in order and complete the activity with help from your parents.

Activity 2 (Page 120)

Colour and design the paper you have made.

Natural Colour Experiment Cut the recycled paper into pieces of same size. Colour them using natural ingredients mentioned in the table below.

You can use any other natural ingredients as well. Make sure that the quantity of ingredients used is the same for colouring each piece of paper. Write down your observations in the table below.

Answer: Hint

Activity 3 (Page 121)

Make a greeting card, paper mask or any such item made of recycled paper.

Answer:

Discuss (Page 122)

Question 1. Do you think that we waste paper?

Answer: Yes, paper is often wasted when we use it carelessly, such as discarding sheets after writing very little, printing unnecessary material, or using only one side of the paper.

Question 2. How can we reduce wastage of paper?

Answer: We can cut down on paper waste by writing on both sides of a sheet, choosing digital reading options, reusing old paper for rough work or creative activities, and recycling paper correctly to produce new items.

Activity 4 (Page 123)

Different Type of Paper and their uses.

Observe the different types of paper that we use in our daily life, such as writing paper, newspaper, art paper, cardboard and tissue paper. Paste small pieces of different types of paper in the space given below and write their uses.

Answer:

Activity 5 (Page 125)

Discuss the following situations with your classmates and write down which of the 5Rs it belongs to:

Answer:

Let Us Reflect (Page 127)

Question 1. What are some objects that you can make using paper pulp? Ask your teachers and elders for more ideas.

Answer: Some items that can be created from paper pulp include paper plates or containers, handmade greeting cards, decorative crafts such as paper flowers or photo frames, and recycled paper used to make notebooks.

Question 2. Write down one step you can take for each of the 5Rs in the boxes given below:

Answer:

Question 3. Discuss the changes you can bring in your daily life by using 5Rs rule to avoid wastage of paper. Complete the table with your ideas for creating these changes.

Answer:

Understanding How Paper is Made – Key Concepts for Class 4 EVS

Learning the process of making paper helps students appreciate how daily items are created from natural resources. This chapter explains both regular and recycled paper making, helping you understand why responsible usage is important for our environment.

Following the 5Rs of waste management—Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle—ensures that we use resources thoughtfully. Understanding these concepts with NCERT Chapter 8 will help you build strong Earth science foundations and score better in exams.

Revise all activities and key differences between various paper types. Practicing examples and exam tips provided in this chapter will sharpen your basics and make answer writing clear and effective during assessments.