NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 13

A1:  The various topics and subtopics covered in the NCERT Solutions prepared by Vedantu for Class 11 are as follows: 

• Classification

• Alkanes

• Nomenclature And Isomerism

• Preparation

• Properties

• Conformations

• Alkenes  

• Structure Of Double Bond

• Nomenclature

• Isomerism

• Preparation

• Properties

• Alkynes

• Nomenclature And Isomerism

• Structure Of Triple Bond

• Preparation

• Properties

• Aromatic Hydrocarbon

• Nomenclature And Isomerism

• Structure Of Benzene

• Aromaticity

• Preparation Of Benzene

• Properties

• Directive Influence Of A Functional Group In Monosubstituted Benzene

• Carcinogenicity And Toxicity

There are a total of 25 questions in this chapter. These questions are framed in a way so as to examine students' understanding of the concepts in the chapter. They test all the aspects of the chapter to ensure students have understood it completely.

A2: Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the scientific study of structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds containing carbon atoms. Organic chemistry as a branch of study is possible mainly due to one property exhibited by carbon called carbon catenation. This is defined as the ability of an element to form multiple types of bonds with an atom of the same kind. Hence, the vastness of organic chemistry can be attributed to this property of Carbon. As suggested by the name itself, Hydrocarbons are organic compounds which are made up of elements - carbon and hydrogen only. The study of hydrocarbons gives an insight into the chemical properties of other functional groups and their preparations in organic chemistry. Hydrocarbons such as propane and butane are used extensively for our commercial fuel purposes in the form of LPG cylinders. For the manufacturing of most of the synthetic drugs, benzene is the starting material.

A3:  The various types of Hydrocarbons that students learn in this chapter are as follows: 

• Saturated Hydrocarbons: In these compounds, carbon-carbon atoms and carbon-hydrogen atoms are held together by single bonds. These single-bonded compounds are the simplest form of hydrocarbons. These types of hydrocarbons do not have any double or triple bonds. In terms of hybridization, they have Sp3 hybridised carbon atoms with no Sp2 or Sp hybridised Carbon atoms. They are together called alkanes which have a general formula CnH2n+2. For example, CH4C3H6.

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: These compounds consist of a single, double or a triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms. The double-bonded compounds are called alkenes and the triple bonded compounds are called alkynes. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n and for alkynes the general formula is CnH2n-2.

• Cycloalkanes: These hydrocarbons possess one or multiple carbon rings. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon ring.

• Aromatic Hydrocarbons: These are also called as arenes. Arenes are compounds which consist of at least one aromatic ring.

• Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: They are straight-chain structures having no rings in them.

• Alicyclic Hydrocarbons: They are hydrocarbons having a ring structure in them. The carbons atoms can be Sp, Sp2 or Sp3 hybridised.

A4: Hydrocarbons have wide applications. Some of its popular uses are as given below: 

• Hydrocarbons are extensively used as fuels. For example LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), CNG (Liquefied natural gas).

• They are used in the production of polymers such as polyethene, polystyrene etc.

• These organic compounds find their application in the manufacturing of drugs and dyes as a starting material.

• Hydrocarbons also serve as very good lubricating oil and grease agents.