Question

Write the steps involved in the extraction of pure metals in the middle of the activity series from their carbonate ores.

Answer 1

Hint: Any part of the family of minerals having carbonate ions $C{O_3}^{2 - }$ as a simple structural and compositional element. The carbonates are among the most natural minerals in the crust of the Earth.

Step-By-Step answer:
The IUPAC describes calcination as "heating of air or oxygen at elevated temperatures." Furthermore, in the absence or of a small supply of air or oxygen to the ores and other strong materials, calcination is often required to contribute to a thermal decomposition can also be known as thermal treatment.
The following are examples of calcination processes:
a.Volatile material found in untreated petroleum coke decomposition.
b.Carbonate ores decomposition, as in the calcination of carbon dioxide calcination.
c.Heat treatment for transformation of process, as in the case of anatase conversion to rutile or glass materials degeneration.
d.Hydrated minerals, for the removal of water from crystallization as vapor, as in the calcinations of bauxite and gypsum.
By warming strongly in limited air, the carbonate ores are turned into oxides. The process is thus called calcination. The calcination process transforms the metal from its carbonate ore into its oxide. During calcination, in the absence of oxygen, the ore is heated to a high temperature.
$ \Rightarrow ZnC{O_3}\left( s \right)\xrightarrow{{heat}}ZnO\left( s \right) + C{O_2}\left( g \right)$
The metal oxides are then reduced by using suitable reagents (for example, carbon aluminium) including carbon to the respective metals. For starters, zinc oxide is reduced to metallic zinc when heated with carbon.
$ \Rightarrow ZnO + C \to Zn + CO$
The obtained impure Zn is refined through the electrolysis process.

Note: The electrolysis method is a method in which a chemical change is normally brought about by passing electric current through a substance. The chemical transition involves the loss of or gaining of an electron in the material (oxidation or reduction).