Question

Explain the following by giving the examples.
A.saturated solution
B. Pure substance
C. Colloid
D.suspension

Answer 1

Hint: Saturated solutions are the solutions in which after adding a particular amount of substance it stops dissolving in the solution. A substance which consists of only one type of element or atom is the pure substance whereas those who consist of more than one type of atom are mixed substances. Gel, emulsion and sols are colloids. Particles of suspension can be seen through the naked eyes.

Complete Step-by-Step Answer:
A)- Saturated solution: Saturated solutions are those solutions in which the ability of dissolving solute in the solvent is absent.
-For example: When we add sugar in a fixed amount of water, then after some time we will notice that sugar does not dissolve in the water because the solution has become saturated and it has no ability to dissolve more sugar.
-The solubility of a substance can be increased if we increase a temperature because the temperature is directly proportional to the solubility.
-Moreover, smaller is the size of the particles, more will be its solubility.

B)- Pure substance: The substance which consists of only one type of element or atom are the pure substance.
For example, Chlorine molecules consist of only one type of atom i.e. chlorine atom that's why it is a pure substance.
 -A pure substance consists of two parts: elements and compounds.
-Elements: are those substances which can not be further divided into the sub-part. For example, iron.
-Compounds: They are substances which consist of two or more than two elements which can be further divided or separated through the chemical methods.

C)- Colloid: The particles whose size ranges from 1 to 1000 nanometers. They are found evenly distributed in the solution as a dispersed phase and the solution in which it is found is known as a dispersion medium.
-It is classified in four types i.e.
1. Sol, for example, paint, cell fluid, etc.
2. Emulsion, for example, milk, cheese etc
3. Foam, for example, whipped cream. Etc.
4. Aerosol, for example, smoke, fog, etc.


D)- Suspension: It is a heterogeneous solution of two different substances that remain separated from each other even after mixing them hardly.
- For example, when we add sand in the water and shake it to mix the sand then we will see after some time that the sand settles down and remains separated from the water.
-The emulsion is also a kind of suspension.

Note: There is a difference between emulsion and suspension that suspension can be separated by the means of filtration whereas emulsion can't be separated. Unsaturated solutions are those solutions which have the ability of dissolving a solute in the solvent. Colloid is a homogeneous mixture. The composition of pure substance is constant but of mixed substance it is variable.