Question

Which of the following combinations will form an electrovalent bond?
(A) P and Cl
(B) ${\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$ and \[{\text{B}}{{\text{F}}_{\text{3}}}\] ​
(C) H and Ca
(D) H and S

Answer 1

Hint: Chemical bonding is the process through which two or more atoms, molecules, or ions form a chemical link to create a chemical compound. The atoms in the resultant molecule are held together by these chemical bonds. The kind of chemical connections a material forms with other substances during chemical bonding determines the stability of the resulting molecule.

Complete Step by Step Solution:
Chemical bonds known as ionic bonds occur when electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another. In this instance, an atom loses an electron, which another atom then gains. One of the atoms experiences such an electron transfer and acquires a negative charge, becoming known as an anion.

The second atom, known as the cation, acquires a positive charge. The bigger the charge discrepancy between the cation and the anion, the stronger the ionic connection. The ionic bond is strengthened by the difference in charge between the two atoms.

Conditions favouring ionic bond formation:
1. Lower Ionisation energy of metals.
2. Non-metals have a higher electron affinity
3. The bond's lattice energy is greater.
4. The difference in electronegativity between metals and non-metals is greater.
5. A larger cation's radius compared to a smaller anion's radius.

P and Cl can form an electrovalent bond just as elements with significant electronegativity differences can.
Hence option a is correct.

Note: To shed energy and become stable, two atoms can unite primarily in three different ways. To complete their octet configuration, one method is to give or absorb electrons. An ionic bond or electrovalent bond is the name given to the bond created by this kind of combination. This kind of link is created when one atom acquires electrons from its outermost level or orbit, whilst the other atom loses electrons.