Question

What is BM in the magnetic moment?

Answer 1

Hint: The objects which produce magnetic fields have an inherent tendency to place themselves in such a way that the magnetic moment becomes parallel to the magnetic field lines. This measure of tendency is referred to as the magnetic moment. The direction of the magnetic moment is measured from the south to the north pole of a magnet. The magnetic moment of a magnet is directly proportional to the magnetic fields created by it.

Complete step by step solution:
Magnetic moment as already mentioned above has both magnitude and direction, hence it is a vector quantity. In atomic physics, A magnetic moment of a charged particle can be generated in two ways. First, The orbital motion of an electron around a nucleus generates a magnetic moment because a moving electric charge makes a current. Secondly, the inherent rotation, or spin, of the electron has its own spin magnetic moment.

In Bohr's atomic model, a natural unit for the orbital angular momentum of an electron was indicated by " \[\hbar \] ". The magnetic dipole moment of an electron orbiting an atom with such angular momentum is measured in Bohr magnetons. The formula gives the magnetic moment produced by the electron spin:
\[\mu = \nu n(n + 2)BM\]
In this equation, “\[n\] ” indicates the number of unpaired electrons. The magnetic moment increases with the increase in the number of unpaired electrons in the atom.

Thus, BM is the unit of the magnetic moment which stands for Bohr magneton.

Note: The spin angular momentum of an electron is \[\dfrac{1}{2}\hbar \], but the intrinsic electron magnetic moment caused by the spin is approximately one Bohr magneton since the electron spin i.e. g-factor, is a factor relating spin angular momentum to the corresponding magnetic moment of a particle, is approximately two.