
If a molecule $M{{X}_{3}}$ has zero dipole moment, the sigma bonding orbital used by $M$ are
(A) $s{{p}^{3}}d$−hybrid
(B) $sp$−hybrid
(C) $s{{p}^{3}}{{d}^{2}}$−hybrid
(D) $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybrid
Answer
162k+ views
Hint: In any system where there is a charge separation, a dipole moment arises. The difference in electronegativity between two atoms that are chemically linked generates dipole moments. It is a vector quantity, that is, it has both magnitude and direction. Non-polar molecules are those that have zero dipole moment. These are not arranged symmetrically.
Complete Step by Step Answer:
If a molecule with the formula $M{{X}_{3}}$ has zero dipole moment, then it must be in the shape of a triangular planar. The metal $M$ shows $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybridization such that the three $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybridised orbital of $M$is bonded to three $X$atoms with a sigma bond. These three bonds lie at an angle of ${{120}^{o}}$ to each other, and the direction of the dipole moment is from $M$ to$X$.
An example of this type of molecule is $B{{F}_{3}}$ such that $B$is bonded to three $F$ and has a net zero dipole moment. Thus, if a molecule $M{{X}_{3}}$has zero dipole moment, the sigma bonding orbital used by $M$are $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybrid.
Correct Option: (D) $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybrid.
Note: The molecule with the formula $M{{X}_{3}}$ having zero dipole moment must be planar. The dipole moment of all three $M-X$ bonds is the same. However, the two $M-X$bonds which are opposite in direction to the third $M-X$ bond will cancel out its dipole moment and, hence, result in zero dipole moment.
Complete Step by Step Answer:
If a molecule with the formula $M{{X}_{3}}$ has zero dipole moment, then it must be in the shape of a triangular planar. The metal $M$ shows $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybridization such that the three $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybridised orbital of $M$is bonded to three $X$atoms with a sigma bond. These three bonds lie at an angle of ${{120}^{o}}$ to each other, and the direction of the dipole moment is from $M$ to$X$.
An example of this type of molecule is $B{{F}_{3}}$ such that $B$is bonded to three $F$ and has a net zero dipole moment. Thus, if a molecule $M{{X}_{3}}$has zero dipole moment, the sigma bonding orbital used by $M$are $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybrid.
Correct Option: (D) $s{{p}^{2}}$−hybrid.
Note: The molecule with the formula $M{{X}_{3}}$ having zero dipole moment must be planar. The dipole moment of all three $M-X$ bonds is the same. However, the two $M-X$bonds which are opposite in direction to the third $M-X$ bond will cancel out its dipole moment and, hence, result in zero dipole moment.
Recently Updated Pages
Two pi and half sigma bonds are present in A N2 + B class 11 chemistry JEE_Main

Which of the following is most stable A Sn2+ B Ge2+ class 11 chemistry JEE_Main

The enolic form of acetone contains a 10sigma bonds class 11 chemistry JEE_Main

The specific heat of metal is 067 Jg Its equivalent class 11 chemistry JEE_Main

The increasing order of a specific charge to mass ratio class 11 chemistry JEE_Main

Which one of the following is used for making shoe class 11 chemistry JEE_Main

Trending doubts
JEE Main 2025 Session 2: Application Form (Out), Exam Dates (Released), Eligibility, & More

JEE Main 2025: Derivation of Equation of Trajectory in Physics

Displacement-Time Graph and Velocity-Time Graph for JEE

Electric Field Due to Uniformly Charged Ring for JEE Main 2025 - Formula and Derivation

JoSAA JEE Main & Advanced 2025 Counselling: Registration Dates, Documents, Fees, Seat Allotment & Cut‑offs

NIT Cutoff Percentile for 2025

Other Pages
JEE Advanced Marks vs Ranks 2025: Understanding Category-wise Qualifying Marks and Previous Year Cut-offs

JEE Advanced Weightage 2025 Chapter-Wise for Physics, Maths and Chemistry

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry In Hindi Chapter 1 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Redox Reaction

JEE Advanced 2025: Dates, Registration, Syllabus, Eligibility Criteria and More

Degree of Dissociation and Its Formula With Solved Example for JEE
