Question

During steam distillation of a mixture of $o - nitrophenol$ and $p - nitrophenol$ , which of the statements is false?
(A) Vapour of $o - nitrophenol$ are carried by steam because of its lower boiling point due to chelation
(B) Vapours of $o - nitrophenol$ are carried by steam because of its lower boiling point and solubility in steam
(C) Vapour of $p - nitrophenol$ are carried by steam because of its lower boiling point.
(D) Both $(2)$ and $(3)$

Answer 1

Hint: Here in this question, we have to state the true and false for the statement of steam distillation of a mixture of $o - nitrophenol$ and $p - nitrophenol$ . As in this question before starting the solution firstly, we discuss what is steam distillation as in the solution part.

Complete step by step solution:
Here we know that, Steam distillation is a separation method that cleans and separates materials that are sensitive to temperature, like natural aromatic compounds. Dry steam is circulated through the plant material during the steam distillation process. Condensation occurs on these vapours, and they are collected in receivers.
Now let’s justify the answer by writing the properties of $o - nitrophenol$ and $p - nitrophenol$ ,
Here we know that, o - nitrophenol has the intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding. For which the lowering of vapour pressure decreases as a result this can affect the boiling point and solubility also decreases.
Now for $p - nitrophenol$ , it shows Intermolecular Hydrogen bonding. As a result, the boiling point and Solubility also increases.
Now, from the whole conclusion we get that, Vapour of $o - nitrophenol$ can be carried because of its lower boiling point due to chelation.
Therefore, the correct answer is the vapour of $o - nitrophenol$ is carried because of their low boiling point and solubility due to chelation.

Hence, the correct option is (A)

Note: Now we just see some major difference between $o - nitrophenol$ and $p - nitrophenol$ . Hydrogen bonds between molecules occur within o-nitrophenol. Hydrogen bonds between molecules exist in p-nitrophenol. A molecular association results from intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The boiling point rises as a result.