Question

What is the conclusion of Davison and Germer experiment on the nature of electrons?

Answer 1

Hint: The electron exhibits the particle mature as well as wave nature. The Davisson-Germer experiment validates the earlier hypothesis given by De-Broglie about the wave nature of electrons.

Complete step by step solution:
According to the conclusion obtained by Davisson-Germer experiment it was shown that electrons exhibit wave nature too. This conclusion supports the hypothesis given by De-Broglie regarding wave-particle duality of matter.

In this experiment the accelerated electron beam was bombarded on a Nickel crystal in vacuum from the electron gun. The electron gun is having a heated filament. Thus electrons were scattered and Bragg's law gave the angle of maximum scattering.

According to Bragg's law he states that when the x-ray is incident onto a crystal surface, its angle of incidence $\theta $, will reflect back with the same angle of scattering, $\theta $. And, when the path difference $\Delta x$ is equal to a whole number multiple of wavelength, constructive interference will occur.
$n\lambda =2d\sin \theta $

Therefore, according to the derivation of Bragg’s Law:
The equation explains the reason for reflection: X-ray beams from the Nickel crystals at particular angles of incidence.
In Bragg's equation, variable $d$ indicates the distance between the atomic layers of Nickel, and the variable $\lambda $ specifies the wavelength of the incident electron beam.
$n$ is an integer.

Note: Bragg was also awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915 for his contribution in the analysis of crystal structure using X-rays.
Diffraction has been developed to understand the structure of every state of matter by any beam like a beam of ions, protons, electrons, neutrons with a wavelength similar to the length between the molecular structures. And this diffraction gives the idea of duality in nature for electrons.