Political organizations before Congress

In the last month of 1885, the Indian National Congress was formed after a great struggle of various people. Before 1885, we had several political organizations. In the ancient days, the Kings ruled the kingdoms, they provided orders, gave punishments, gave judgments, etc. After that new political organizations were started, and the powers were taken firstly by wealthy people. There will not be any scope for the development of middle-class people even though they are well educated. That's the reason many people fought to form a new political organization that could be common for all. So let us have a glance at the list of political organizations before the establishment of Congress. 

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Political Organizations Before the Establishment of Congress

We have more than 10 political parties on the list of political organizations before the establishment of Congress. They are as follows- 

Landholders Society: the other name of landholders society is the zamindari Association. It was formed by Dwarkanath Tagore in 1836. Radhakant Deb, Ramkamal Sen, Bhabani Charan Mitra, and Prasanna Kumar Tagore also helped him with the formation. It was the first political organization of India. Constitutional methods of agitation were used to safeguard the interests and authorities of landlords. As it happened in Bengal, it is also known as Bengal landlords society. Protecting the rights and interests of landholders was the main objective of this political organization before the establishment of the Indian National Congress.

British India Society: in 1843, the British India society was set up by Williams Adam. He is a close friend of Raja ram Mohan Roy. It was initially started in England with a committee of 15 members. The committee has 11 Indians among 15. It played a crucial role in the political organizations history. Their main objective is to create awareness among the Indians of how the British people were treating them by showing them examples of England people and their lives. In this organization, the committee members used both constitutional and illegal methods to reach their goals successfully.

Bengal British India Society: This political organization can be considered as an extension of the above organization. 

George Thompson was the president of the organization. Coming to the vice president, GF Remfry and Ramgopal Ghosh were elected. Peary Chand Mitra was appointed as the Secretary of that Executive Committee. All these were Indians and a fort to empower the Indians and to enhance their knowledge. 

British India Association: After a few years, the Bengal landholders society and the British India society had merged and formed a new political organization as well. Its name is the British India association. It was formed in 1851. These people started a new practice of submitting petitions to sort out the grievances of common people. Among those petitions, they also proposed a charter law for the company, which includes a group of demands like - Abolition of the stamp, a separate legislative council of popular nature, reducing the salaries of British officers at higher posts, salt and abkari duties, etc. Feel of those suggestions were Incorporated in 1853, 6 new members were added to the committee. Those six members were also Indians.

Madras Native Association: Gajulu Lakshminarasu Chetty had set up this organization in 1852 in Madras, the current Chennai. He was also the founder of the first Indian-owned newspaper in Madras. Crescent is the name of that newspaper. After a small revolution, the newspaper brought a huge awareness among the minds of Indians.

Bombay Association: In the battle with Madras Native Association, the Bombay Association, was also formed by another leader, Naoroji Furdoonji, in Mumbai. It was the most interesting fact of the political organizations of India before the establishment of Congress. 

East India Association: After a few years, in 1866, the Dadabhai Naoroji had formed a new political organization before the establishment of the Indian National Congress. This political organization is nothing but the East India Association. When compared to other organizations, its scope is vast and has a detailed set of suggestions, demands, etc. Later, Badruddin Tyyabji, Feroz Shah Mehta, W. C. Banerji, and Manmohan Ghosh had started another organization, the London Indian society. They have taken several suggestions and guidelines from Dadabhai Naoroji. It is also known as the predecessor to the Indian National Congress.

National Indian Association: In 1867, Mary Carpenter had started this organization. But unfortunately, these organizations may not continue in the long run.

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha: Chiplunkar, G. Ranade, G.V. Joshi started a small organization in Pune with the name of Sarvajanik Sabha. Cariogenic refers to common people. At the same time, Sabha refers to an association. 

Indian Society: In 1872, Anand Mohan Bose started a new Indian society in London. But after 3 years, Sisir Kumar Ghosh started a new organization in the name of the Indian league. He also started a newspaper called ”Amrit Bazar Patrika”.

Indian Association: Hence, Anand Mohan Bose joined hands with Surendranath Banerjee and started a new political organization that played a crucial role in India's list of political organizations before the establishment of Congress. In 1876, it was formed in Calcutta. They looked after various aspects like - caring landlord's policies, civil services examinations, discontent among Bengalis, gathering public opinions, etc. They have started various branches across the country and gained popularity among various parts of India. 

Madras Mahajan Sabha: Charlu had started Indian National Union in 1884. A.O.Hume had taken the responsibilities of this organization. It was also related to a great revolution. Among the political organizations' history, few organizations were also continued after the formation of the Indian National Congress. The Madras Mahajan Sabha also achieves several demands that are useful for growth in terms of quality and quantity of living conditions. Due to the introduction of various daily newspapers, people came to know what was happening around them and started reacting. 

Bombay Presidency Association: Phirozshah Mehta, K.T Telang, and Badruddin Tyabji founded this organization in 1885. The policies of Lytton and the Ilbert Bill controversy had created a path for the formation of the Bombay presidency Association as well as the closure of the Bombay Association. These people also took the mission to create awareness among the Indians and other countries. 

These are the various Political Organizations before the establishment of Congress the default for various demands to achieve the goal. Most of the organizations fought for the welfare of Indians. Some organizations strive to safeguard the available rights and many of the organizations stood for the betterment of Indians' lifestyles. Every organization plays a predominant role among all the political organizations.