Question

X-rays are produced due to:
A. Bombarding of electrons on solids
B. Bombarding of $\alpha $ - particles on solids
C. Bombarding of $\gamma $ -rays on solids
D. Bombarding of neutrons on solids

Answer 1

Hint: The radioactive nuclides undergo different modes of decay to give alpha, beta, gamma, X-rays. All these rays have different energy, different characteristics. Some of these rays are made from one material or atom and some are made from only higher energy radiation.

Complete Step by Step Solution:
$X-$ rays are actually high energetic electromagnetic radiation. Due to small ionising power it has higher penetration power and can penetrate through our body and matter. $X-$ rays are formed due to bombarding any matter with higher energetic electrons. Another way to produce $X-$ ray is electron capture in $K$ shell. The orbital of an atom captures an electron from the nearest $K$ shell. The vacant orbital is fulfilled by another electron from a higher level. Thus due to the transition of electrons from higher to low level a energy is emitted which is called $X-$ ray.

Medical $X-$ rays are used to get images of tissues and structures inside the body. $X-$ rays are widely used in medical treatments.
Thus the correct option is A.

Note: $X-$ rays are emitted due to disintegration of unstable nuclide or radioactive nuclide. These rays have higher energy. It has the highest penetrating power. It is widely used in medical treatment. $X-$ rays does not have any charge. This is actually a packet of energy.