Question

Which type of ovule is found in pea?
A. Hemianatropous
B. Anatropous
C. Campylotropous
D. Arthropous

Answer 1

Hint: Ovules are present in the ovary. The body of the ovule consists of nucellus and parenchymatous tissues. Based on shape and orientation, ovules are of many types. This type of ovule is also present in the members of Cruciferae.

Complete answer: The ovule is attached to the placenta by funicle, and the point of attachment of funicle to the ovule is termed as hilum. The small opening at the tip is called micropyle and opposite to it is the chalaza. The body consists of parenchymatous tissue and nucellus. Ovules are of various types, as follows:
a) Campylotropous: The ovule is curved more or less at right angle to funicle. The micropylar end is bent down slightly. Example: pea.
b) Orthotropous or atropous: The micropyle, chalaza and funicle are in a straight line. Example; Polygonum.
c) Anatropous (inverted/resupinate): The body of the ovule is completely inverted so that the micropyle and hilum come to lie very close to each other and chalaza on the opposite site. Example: 82% of angiosperm families.
d) Hemianatropous: Ovule turns at a right angle upon the funicle. Example: Ranunculus.
e) Amphitropous: Both the body of the ovule and embryo sac is curved. Embryo sac becomes curved as horseshoe-shaped. Example: Poppy.
f) Circinotropous: Due to unilateral growth of funicle, it surrounds the body of the ovule. Example: Opuntia (prickly pear).
So, the correct answer is option C.

Note: Aril is a collar like an outgrowth of funicle that forms the third integument. For example: It can be seen in litchi, nutmeg, etc. Caruncle is formed as an outgrowth of the outer integument in the micropylar region. The caruncle is common in the ovules of Euphorbiaceae. For example: Castor.