Question

Which of the following statements are correct?
i. The name of India’s first test tube baby is Kum-harsha.
ii. Inability to conceive or produce a child even after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation is called infertility.
iii. Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
iv. MTPs are relatively safe upto 12 weeks of pregnancy

a. (i), (ii) and (iv)
b. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
c. (iii) and (iv)
d. (i) and (iii)

Answer 1

Hint: The surgical method of contraception prevents gamete transport. In males, it is known as vasectomy and in females, it is known as tubectomy. Vasectomy is a surgical process for male sterilization or lasting contraception.

Complete answer:
When one not being able to get pregnant after one year of unprotected sex is called infertility. The factors due to which infertility occurs are genetic, age, exposure to chemicals, issues with egg or sperm, etc.

Infertility is of two types –
1. Primary infertility – persons who have never conceived. The issues that can cause primary infertility are age-related, decreasing the number of eggs at a rapid rate. In some situations, primary infertility can be cured.
2. Secondary fertility – it indicates previous pregnancies but failure to conceive subsequently.
Infertility is caused by males and females or in both.

A large number of couples all around India are infertile.
The causes for this could be many-physical, congenital, diseases, drugs, immunological, or even Psychological.

MTPs are considered relatively protected during the first trimester, i.e., up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second-trimester abortions are much riskier. Planned or voluntary termination of pregnancy before the complete term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion.

Hence, The correct answer is option (A).

Additional information:
Medical termination of pregnancy operates finest in the first 7 weeks that is 49 days of pregnancy. After 3-7 days, an additional tablet is inserted vaginally to generate and facilitate the contractions of the uterus and drive out the growing fetus. This is where the real abortion happens, which takes around 4-7 days.

Note: Vasectomy is the technique in which the male vasa deferentia are incised and tied or sealed to avert sperm from entering into the urethra and thereby stop fertilization of a female through sexual intercourse.
Tubectomy is a steady contraception and sterilization method in women. It is a chief surgery in which the fallopian tubes are blocked or cut so that the egg is not capable of traveling from the ovaries to the uterus, thereby eliminating any chances of a pregnancy.