Question

Vermicomposting is a natural method of
(a) Producing compost manure
(b) Producing worms
(c) Managing waste it creates
(d) Destroying worms

Answer 1

Hint: Natural method in which the organic matter is degraded by various species of worms into nutrient-rich matter used as a fertilizer in organic farming.

Complete answer:
The product of the decomposition process using worms of various species is called vermicompost. The commonly used worms are Red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms. They create a mixture of decomposing vegetables or food material, bed material, and vermicast. The end product in the breakdown of organic matter by worms such as earthworms is called vermicast also called worm castings, worm manure.

Additional Information: - Decomposition of organic matter, food waste, vegetables by using various species of worms such as earthworms is called vermicomposting and the culture of worm species that help in vermicomposting is called vermiculture.
- vermicompost is an excellent organic fertilizer because it contains water-soluble nutrients and it also acts as a soil conditioner.
- vermicompost is used in organic farming and small scale sustainable farming.
- Vermicasts are the excreta of earthworms that are rich in phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and potassium which enhances soil fertility.
- Vermicomposting is of two methods: bed method and pit method.
- Beds of organic matter are prepared in the bed method whereas, in pit-method, organic matter is collected in cement pits. Because of poor aeration and waterlogging problems, the pit method is not a prominent method.
- Main advantages of vermicomposting are it improves the physical structure of the soil, increases soil fertility and resistance to water, and helps in germination.
- Disadvantages of vermicompost is, time-consuming process, experience foul smell, due to the presence of nutrients it helps in the growth of disease-causing pathogens.
So, the correct answer is ‘Producing compost manure’.

Note: - Crop residues, dry leaves, cattle dung, paddy husk, Biogasplant slurry, poultry, and vegetable waste are basic materials used in vermiculture.
- During the process of vermicomposting by the pit method, the pit should be carefully monitored. It should not be too dry or wet.