Question

The Simon commission was appointed in November 1927 by the British government subsequently the civil disobedience movement began. In this context answer the following questions
A.Why was the Simon commission appointed by the British government? Why did the congress boycott the commission?
B. The civil disobedience movement was launched by Gandhiji with his famous Dandi march on March 12,1930.mention the significance of this historic event.
C.Why did Gandhiji call off the civil disobedience movement and later renew it?

Answer 1

Hint:The British Government arrested Gandhiji on January 4,1932 . The congress was declared as illegal. The British arrested the Congress leaders and seized their properties. Gradually the Civil disobedience movement lost its force.
When Gandhiji signed the pact, the British agreed to withdraw all ordinances and end prosecutions; they also agreed to release all political prisoners, except those guilty of violence.
Some of the other important statements the British government agreed to do were as follows permit peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign clothes, restore the confiscated properties of the satyagrahis.

Complete answer:
 A.The Simon commission: the British appointed the commission in November 1927 . The main objective of the commission was to investigate the need for further constitutional reforms in India. Only British people were the members of this commission. The absence of the Indians in this commission made the Indian people angry. The Indians thought that they lost their self-respect by this so they decided to boycott the Simon commission in all the aspects.

 B.On 6th April, Mahatma Gandhi started the Dandi march by picking up some salt left by the sea waves on the sea shores. Gandhiji was against some salt laws because the tax for the salt affected the society most importantly the poor. Gandhiji broke the salt laws and it was the spark for the civil disobedience movement. The movement started to spread rapidly. Many states like Maharashtra, Karnataka and the central provinces started to follow the forest defiance laws as a result of the Civil disobedience Movement. Many states refused the rural Chaukidari tax. Lakhs of Indians offered Satyagraha.

 C.Since Satyagraha should not be suppressed , the government through Tej Bahadur Sapru and Jaykar, started negotiation with Gandhiji in jail. This was the reason why Gandhiji signed a pact with Lord Irwin in 1931 . The failure of the second round table conference made Gandhiji return to India and sought an interview with Viceroy Willingdon. The interview was refused and congress passed the renewal of the civil disobedience movement . After Gandhiji was arrested they called off it in 1934 .

Note:The boycott of British goods and the picketing of liquor shops were a part of the daily programs of the civil disobedience movement.The civil disobedience movement resulted in mass strikes and setting up of parallel governments in several places.People joined hartals, demonstrations and the
campaign to boycott foreign goods ( foreign clothes) and refused to pay taxes . These were the results of the civil disobedience movements and they pissed off the British government.