Question

The Montague-Chelmsford reforms formed the basis of
A) The Indian constitutional act,1909
B) The Government of India act, 1919
C) The Government of India act, 1935
D) The Indian independence act, 1947

Answer 1

Hint: The Government of India Act 1919 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act entitled the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford.

Complete answer:
-The Montague Chelmsford reforms are also known as montford reforms.
-These reforms were introduced by the colonial government in British India to establish a self-governing institution in India.
-The reform was named after the secretary of the state India, known as Edwin Montague during the later years of the first world war and lord Chelmsford the viceroy of India between 1960 to 1921.
-The reforms were focused on the montagu-chelmsford reforms prepared in 1980. This forms the basis of Government of India act 1919. These were related to some constitutional reforms.
-These reforms were criticized by British conservatives and the Indian National is suggested that the reforms did not go far enough.
-In 1971 Montague visited India to meet Lord chelmsford. During this period, he discussed the introduction of limited self government to India and protection rights of the minority community. He drew a report with the help of Bhupendra nath Bose, Lord Donoughmore, William Duke and Charles Robert.
-The two basic features of the act are:-
-The imperial legislative council was now to consist of two houses: the central legislative assembly and the council of state.
-The provinces were to follow the dual government system or the Dyarchy.

Hence the correct answer is option ‘B’.

Note: The Government of India Act represented the end of benevolent despotism and began the genesis of responsible government in India. It was set to be reviewed by the Simon Commission in 10 years.