Question

In comparison to the electrostatic force between the two electrons, the electrostatic force between two protons is:
A) Zero
B) Smaller
C) Same
D) Greater

Answer 1

Hint: Atom is always made up of equal negative and positive electric charges. The atom has this property because the atom consists of an equal number of electrons and protons. Because of these subatomic particles, the atom has electrostatic forces.

Formula used:
 Electrostatic force = $\dfrac{{F.{Q_1}{Q_2}}}{{{d^2}}}$
Where, $F$ is the force.
${Q_1} \text{and} {Q_2}$ are the charge of electrons and protons respectively. And \[d\] is the distance

Complete answer:
We all know that the atom is the basic unit of all the matters. It gives a defining structure to the matters. In Greek, the name atom gives the meaning ‘indivisible’. The atom got this particular name because it was believed that at the beginning of the universe the atom was considered the smallest unit and it cannot be divided into parts.
The Atom has its properties. We all know that atoms are made up of equal protons and electrons. The magnitude of the protons and neutrons are always the same. Therefore, the electrostatic force between the electrons is the same as the electrostatic force between the protons.
Coulomb’s law:
We are able to answer the given question with a better understanding of Coulomb’s law. The Coulomb's law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to their product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically it can be represented as,
$F = k\dfrac{{{q_1}{q_2}}}{{{r^2}}}$
Where, $r$ is the distance, ${q_1},{q_2}$ are charges and $k$ is the constant.
Hence, option (C) is the correct answer. From this, we are able to understand the comparison of the electrostatic force between the two electrons, the electrostatic force between two protons is the same.

$\therefore$ Option (C) is the correct answer. From this, we are able to understand the comparison of the electrostatic force between the two electrons, the electrostatic force between two protons is the same.

Additional information:
We all know that every atom is composed of a nucleus surrounded by the electrons. The Nucleus consists of one or more protons with positive charge and neutrons with a negative charge. The nucleus consists of the mass that is more than 99.94 of the atomic mass.
According to the electromagnetic theory, an accelerated charged particle must radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation continuously. An electron moving around the nucleus in a circular orbit tends to decrease in the radius and fall into the nucleus. But still, the atoms are stable and they show no tendency to collapse. This was the main reason for the failure of classical physics to explain the stability of the atom.
Let us now calculate the value of the electrostatic force.
Electrostatic force=$\dfrac{{F.{Q_1}{Q_2}}}{{{d^2}}}$
We can now substitute the values in the above equation
\[F = 9 \times {10^{19}}N\dfrac{{{m^2}}}{{{c^2}}}\]
\[{Q_1} = 1.6 \times {10^{ - 16}}c\]
\[{Q_2} = 1.6 \times {10^{ - 16}}c\]
\[d = 0.53 \times {10^{ - 10}}m\]
The electrostatic force \[ = \dfrac{{9 \times {{10}^{19}}N\dfrac{{{m^2}}}{{{c^2}}} \times 1.6 \times {{10}^{ - 16}}c \times 1.6 \times {{10}^{ - 16}}c}}{{{{(0.53 \times {{10}^{ - 10}}m)}^2}}}\]
On simplification, we get
\[ = \dfrac{{23.04N}}{{0.2809}}\]
\[ = 8.2 \times {10^{ - 8}}N\]
Therefore, the electrostatic force has the value of \[8.2 \times {10^{ - 8}}N\]

Note:
 We know that the opposite charges attract each other and the like charges repel each other. From this, we can understand the charge of two electrons and protons. Since two electrons and protons have two negative and positive charges, they repel each other.