Question

Hereditary material present outside nucleus is known as
A. Genome
B. Plasmon
C. Proteome
D. Cytol

Answer 1

Hint: DNA which is called deoxyribonucleic acid is the “ hereditary material “ in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body possess identical DNA. DNA is found in the cell nucleus but a little amount of DNA may be found in the mitochondria, it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. Mitochondria are the present in the cells that convert the energy.

Complete answer:
> Option A:
Genome: it is an organism’s total set of DNA, including all of its genes. The sum total of the amount of nucleic acids present in all the cells of the body which are responsible for the expression of traits is known as genome. Thus it does not represent the hereditary material outside the nucleus. So it is the wrong option.

> Option B:
Plasmon: The cluster of the cytoplasmic or extranuclear genetic material of an organism. All the genetic material that is nucleic acids which are found to be present outside the nucleus, whether in the cell organelles or floating freely in the cytoplasm, are referred to as plasmon. It represents the outside of the nucleus. Thus it is the correct option.

> Option C:
Proteome : This Is the entire set of proteins. The proteins are an essential and major component of the cells. Each cell contains a large percentage of proteins. The total sets of each kind of protein is termed as proteome. So it is also an incorrect option.

> Option D:
Cytol : it is the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus. In other words, the total constituents of the cells except the nucleus is represented by a term cytol. It is not associated with the hereditary material. So it is the wrong option.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Additional information:
DNA is a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides. It consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and 4 nitrogenous bases ( adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine). DNA carries the genetic material.

Note: Extrachromosomal DNA is any DNA, which is not found on the chromosomes, it can be inside or outside of the nucleus of a cell. Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA is also called extrachromosomal DNA. A little amount of DNA is also found in chloroplast in the plant cells. On the other hand, the hereditary material is not always DNA, RNA also acts as genetic material only in some viruses.