
What is the formal charge on atoms in carbonate and nitric acid?
Answer
485.7k+ views
Hint: The charge assigned to an atom in a molecule is known as formal charge and is calculated by the formula $FC = V - N - B/2$ .
Where V-> Number of valence electrons of an atom in its ground state.
N-> Number of nonbonding electrons
B-> The total number of electrons which are shared in covalent bond
Complete step by step answer:
Formal charge is calculated using $FC = V - N - B/2$
The carbonate ion \[[C{O_3}^{2 - }]\] already has a charge of 2-
So, the carbonate ion carbon atom is connected with two oxygen atoms with the help of single bonds and with one oxygen atom by double bond as shown above.
Now let us calculate the formal charge of the oxygen atom which is connected to the carbon atom with the help of double bond-
Here,
$V = 6$ (Since oxygen has 6 valence electrons- 2 in 2s subshell and 4 in 2p subshell)
$N = 4$ (You can count it from the figure, that there are 4 electrons which are not taking place in bonding)
$B = 4$ (A double bond between C and O which means 4 electrons)
On calculating we get-
$
6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0 \\
\\
$
Now we will calculate for the formal charge of oxygen atom with the single bond:
Here,
$V = 6$
$N = 6$ (You can SEE it from the figure itself)
$B = 2$ (As there is a single bond only)
$6 - 6 - 2/2 = - 1$
Now for Nitric acid i.e. $HN{O_3}$
Here,
For the oxygen atom with the single bond
$V = 6$
$N = 6$
$B = 2$
$6 - 6 - 2/2 = - 1$
For oxygen atom with the double bond
$V = 6$
$N = 4$ (since two of oxygen electrons are used in bonding, 4 are left with it)
$B = 4$
$6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0$
For Nitrogen atom
$V = 5$ (since nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons in its outermost shell)
$N = 0$
$B = 8$
$5 - 0 - 8/2 = 1$
Note:
Students must know the value of valence electrons for each atom.
Valence electrons are the electrons which are present in the outermost shell and can take part in chemical bonding.
Where V-> Number of valence electrons of an atom in its ground state.
N-> Number of nonbonding electrons
B-> The total number of electrons which are shared in covalent bond
Complete step by step answer:
Formal charge is calculated using $FC = V - N - B/2$
The carbonate ion \[[C{O_3}^{2 - }]\] already has a charge of 2-

So, the carbonate ion carbon atom is connected with two oxygen atoms with the help of single bonds and with one oxygen atom by double bond as shown above.
Now let us calculate the formal charge of the oxygen atom which is connected to the carbon atom with the help of double bond-
Here,
$V = 6$ (Since oxygen has 6 valence electrons- 2 in 2s subshell and 4 in 2p subshell)
$N = 4$ (You can count it from the figure, that there are 4 electrons which are not taking place in bonding)
$B = 4$ (A double bond between C and O which means 4 electrons)
On calculating we get-
$
6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0 \\
\\
$
Now we will calculate for the formal charge of oxygen atom with the single bond:
Here,
$V = 6$
$N = 6$ (You can SEE it from the figure itself)
$B = 2$ (As there is a single bond only)
$6 - 6 - 2/2 = - 1$
Now for Nitric acid i.e. $HN{O_3}$

Here,
For the oxygen atom with the single bond
$V = 6$
$N = 6$
$B = 2$
$6 - 6 - 2/2 = - 1$
For oxygen atom with the double bond
$V = 6$
$N = 4$ (since two of oxygen electrons are used in bonding, 4 are left with it)
$B = 4$
$6 - 4 - 4/2 = 0$
For Nitrogen atom
$V = 5$ (since nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons in its outermost shell)
$N = 0$
$B = 8$
$5 - 0 - 8/2 = 1$
Note:
Students must know the value of valence electrons for each atom.
Valence electrons are the electrons which are present in the outermost shell and can take part in chemical bonding.
Recently Updated Pages
Master Class 12 Economics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Maths: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Biology: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Physics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 Business Studies: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 12 English: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Trending doubts
Who is Mukesh What is his dream Why does it look like class 12 english CBSE

Who was RajKumar Shukla Why did he come to Lucknow class 12 english CBSE

The word Maasai is derived from the word Maa Maasai class 12 social science CBSE

Draw a neat and well labeled diagram of TS of ovary class 12 biology CBSE

Explain sex determination in humans with the help of class 12 biology CBSE

Which is the correct genotypic ratio of mendel dihybrid class 12 biology CBSE
