Answer
Verified
377.4k+ views
Hint: When a nucleophile attacks an electrophile to replace a leaving group then it is called substitution reaction. This reaction proceeds via $S{{N}_{2}}$ mechanism. The rate of a reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place.
Complete answer:
The rate of a reaction is proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of the reactant per unit time.
The rate of a reaction is affected by reactant concentration, physical state of reactants, pressure, surface area, temperature and presence of catalyst.
Nucleophilic reactions are those in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks a positively charged electrophile to replace a leaving group. Nucleophilic reactions are two types: $S{{N}_{1}}$ and $S{{N}_{2}}$ reactions.
$S{{N}_{1}}$ reactions are those in which an attack of nucleophile and departure of a leaving group takes place in two different steps.
The reaction $C{{H}_{3}}Br+O{{H}^{-}}\to C{{H}_{3}}OH+B{{r}^{-}}$ proceeds through $S{{N}_{2}}$ mechanism.
$S{{N}_{2}}$ reactions are those in which the addition of nucleophile and departure of the leaving group takes place in a single step. The carbon-nucleophile bond forms and carbon-leaving group bond breaks simultaneously through a transition state.
The rate of $S{{N}_{2}}$ reaction is given as: $R=k[S][N]$ where R is rate of reaction, k is rate constant, S is substrate and N is nucleophile.
The $S{{N}_{2}}$ reactions are second order reactions and rate of reaction depends on both the nucleophile and the substrate.
The rate of reaction is given by: $R=k[C{{H}_{3}}Br][O{{H}^{-}}]$
Note:
In $S{{N}_{2}}$ reaction inversion of configuration takes place and in $S{{N}_{1}}$ reaction the product formed is racemic mixture. Racemic mixture contains equal quantities of two enantiomers.
Complete answer:
The rate of a reaction is proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of the reactant per unit time.
The rate of a reaction is affected by reactant concentration, physical state of reactants, pressure, surface area, temperature and presence of catalyst.
Nucleophilic reactions are those in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks a positively charged electrophile to replace a leaving group. Nucleophilic reactions are two types: $S{{N}_{1}}$ and $S{{N}_{2}}$ reactions.
$S{{N}_{1}}$ reactions are those in which an attack of nucleophile and departure of a leaving group takes place in two different steps.
The reaction $C{{H}_{3}}Br+O{{H}^{-}}\to C{{H}_{3}}OH+B{{r}^{-}}$ proceeds through $S{{N}_{2}}$ mechanism.
$S{{N}_{2}}$ reactions are those in which the addition of nucleophile and departure of the leaving group takes place in a single step. The carbon-nucleophile bond forms and carbon-leaving group bond breaks simultaneously through a transition state.
The rate of $S{{N}_{2}}$ reaction is given as: $R=k[S][N]$ where R is rate of reaction, k is rate constant, S is substrate and N is nucleophile.
The $S{{N}_{2}}$ reactions are second order reactions and rate of reaction depends on both the nucleophile and the substrate.
The rate of reaction is given by: $R=k[C{{H}_{3}}Br][O{{H}^{-}}]$
Note:
In $S{{N}_{2}}$ reaction inversion of configuration takes place and in $S{{N}_{1}}$ reaction the product formed is racemic mixture. Racemic mixture contains equal quantities of two enantiomers.
Recently Updated Pages
How many sigma and pi bonds are present in HCequiv class 11 chemistry CBSE
Mark and label the given geoinformation on the outline class 11 social science CBSE
When people say No pun intended what does that mea class 8 english CBSE
Name the states which share their boundary with Indias class 9 social science CBSE
Give an account of the Northern Plains of India class 9 social science CBSE
Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative class 10 english CBSE
Trending doubts
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
The Equation xxx + 2 is Satisfied when x is Equal to Class 10 Maths
In Indian rupees 1 trillion is equal to how many c class 8 maths CBSE
Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?
How do you graph the function fx 4x class 9 maths CBSE
Give 10 examples for herbs , shrubs , climbers , creepers
Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic class 11 biology CBSE
Why is there a time difference of about 5 hours between class 10 social science CBSE