Answer
414.6k+ views
Hint: Benzaldehyde is a compound having an aldehyde group attached to benzene. Benzophenone is a compound having two benzene groups connected with a carbonyl group. While benzoic acid is a compound having carboxyl groups attached to benzene. Benzene to benzoic acid is a simple step conversion while the other involves two to three steps.
Complete step by step answer:
(i) When aldehyde is oxidized, a carboxylic acid is obtained. Benzaldehyde is the simplest aromatic aldehyde. It has an almond-like odor. Benzoic acid is a colorless solid. The chemical formula of benzoic acid is ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COOH}}$.
Thus benzaldehyde is converted to benzophenone in three steps:
Oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid.
Benzaldehyde is oxidized to benzoic acid in the presence of alkaline potassium permanganate. Since benzaldehyde possesses a benzene ring, it facilitates the electrophilic substitution reaction. The chemical equation for oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid is given below:
${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{CHO}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{KMn}}{{\text{O}}_4}}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COOH}}$
Benzaldehyde Benzoic acid
Conversion of benzoic acid to benzene.
Benzoic acid is heated with soda lime which is a mixture of ${\text{NaOH}}$ and ${\text{CaO}}$, benzene is obtained. The reaction is given below:
${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COOH}}\xrightarrow[{{\text{CaO}}}]{{{\text{NaOH}}}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_6}$
Conversion of benzene to benzophenone.
Benzene is reacted with benzoyl chloride, ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COCl}}$ in the presence of ${\text{Al}}{{\text{Cl}}_3}$, benzophenone, ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{CO}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}$ is obtained. The chemical equation is given below:
${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_6} + {{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COCl}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Al}}{{\text{Cl}}_3}}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{CO}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}$
This reaction is called Friedel Crafts acylation.
Note:
Benzaldehyde can also be converted to benzoic acid by Cannizaro reaction. Cannizaro reaction is a type of disproportionation reaction. This involves disproportionation of an aldehyde which lacks $\alpha - $ hydrogen atom to salt of an acid and a primary alcohol. The reaction is given below:
$2$
$ + {\text{NaOH}} \to $
$ + $
$\xrightarrow{{{{\text{H}}^ + }}}$
Benzaldehyde Benzyl alcohol Sodium benzoate
Complete step by step answer:
(i) When aldehyde is oxidized, a carboxylic acid is obtained. Benzaldehyde is the simplest aromatic aldehyde. It has an almond-like odor. Benzoic acid is a colorless solid. The chemical formula of benzoic acid is ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COOH}}$.
Thus benzaldehyde is converted to benzophenone in three steps:
Oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid.
Benzaldehyde is oxidized to benzoic acid in the presence of alkaline potassium permanganate. Since benzaldehyde possesses a benzene ring, it facilitates the electrophilic substitution reaction. The chemical equation for oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid is given below:
${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{CHO}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{KMn}}{{\text{O}}_4}}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COOH}}$
Benzaldehyde Benzoic acid
Conversion of benzoic acid to benzene.
Benzoic acid is heated with soda lime which is a mixture of ${\text{NaOH}}$ and ${\text{CaO}}$, benzene is obtained. The reaction is given below:
${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COOH}}\xrightarrow[{{\text{CaO}}}]{{{\text{NaOH}}}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_6}$
Conversion of benzene to benzophenone.
Benzene is reacted with benzoyl chloride, ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COCl}}$ in the presence of ${\text{Al}}{{\text{Cl}}_3}$, benzophenone, ${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{CO}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}$ is obtained. The chemical equation is given below:
${{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_6} + {{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{COCl}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{Al}}{{\text{Cl}}_3}}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}{\text{CO}}{{\text{C}}_6}{{\text{H}}_5}$
This reaction is called Friedel Crafts acylation.
Note:
Benzaldehyde can also be converted to benzoic acid by Cannizaro reaction. Cannizaro reaction is a type of disproportionation reaction. This involves disproportionation of an aldehyde which lacks $\alpha - $ hydrogen atom to salt of an acid and a primary alcohol. The reaction is given below:
$2$
![seo images](https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/a644bd3a-3ca5-4a5f-aef2-d71803dad3ae5494071911023748364.png)
![seo images](https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/42ec48f5-112f-4eef-ae7f-40482dfb678c7102573789056932543.png)
![seo images](https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/26d20755-8fe5-4ef6-8358-9768ddc9b0da9110908524951951210.png)
![seo images](https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/573a5f6a-5af5-4bf7-867e-b94d2e1dc46e922239843591859945.png)
Benzaldehyde Benzyl alcohol Sodium benzoate
Recently Updated Pages
How many sigma and pi bonds are present in HCequiv class 11 chemistry CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Why Are Noble Gases NonReactive class 11 chemistry CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let X and Y be the sets of all positive divisors of class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let x and y be 2 real numbers which satisfy the equations class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let x 4log 2sqrt 9k 1 + 7 and y dfrac132log 2sqrt5 class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Let x22ax+b20 and x22bx+a20 be two equations Then the class 11 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Trending doubts
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
At which age domestication of animals started A Neolithic class 11 social science CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Give 10 examples for herbs , shrubs , climbers , creepers
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic class 11 biology CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Difference Between Plant Cell and Animal Cell
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Write a letter to the principal requesting him to grant class 10 english CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative class 10 english CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)
Fill in the blanks A 1 lakh ten thousand B 1 million class 9 maths CBSE
![arrow-right](/cdn/images/seo-templates/arrow-right.png)